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Lifelogging : Digitale Selbstvermessung zwischen disruptiver Technologie, technophilen Szenen und popularisierter Alltagspraxis
No full textInfluence of carbon black on 4D-printed composites : Enhancing low-temperature shape memory properties
No full textLaser-Deposited Multilayer Coatings for Brake Discs : Corrosion Performance of 316L/430L Systems Reinforced with WC and TiC Particles
No full textGrey cast iron brake discs are widely used in automotive applications due to their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. However, stricter environmental regulations such as Euro 7 demand improved surface durability to reduce particulate emissions and corrosion-related failures. This study evaluates multilayer coatings fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) as a potential solution. Two multi-layer systems were investigated: 316L + (316L + WC) and 316L + (430L + TiC), which were primarily reinforced with ceramic additives to increase wear resistance, with their influence on corrosion being critically evaluated. Electrochemical tests in 5 wt.% NaCl solution (DIN 17475) revealed that the 316L + (316L + WC) coating exhibited the lowest corrosion current density and most stable passive behavior, consistent with the inherent passivation of the austenitic 316L matrix. In contrast, the 316L + (430L + TiC) system showed localized corrosion associated with micro-galvanic interactions, despite the chemical stability of TiC particles. Post-corrosion SEM and EDS confirmed chromium depletion and chloride accumulation at corroded sites, while WC particles exhibited partial dissolution. These findings highlight that ceramic reinforcements do not inherently improve corrosion resistance and may introduce localized degradation mechanisms. Nevertheless, LMD-fabricated multilayer coatings demonstrate potential for extending brake disc service life, provided that matrix–reinforcement interactions are carefully optimized
Data-Driven Optimization of Processing Parameters and Cooling Strategies in UHMWPE High Speed Milling Through Multi-Criteria Decision Making Using PCA and Pareto-Based Evolutionary Algorithms
No full textDeficiencies of the EU Medical Device Regulation when applying its own rules
No full textThe EU Medical Device Regulation (MDR) was developed to improve the safety of medical devices as well as the smooth functioning of the market in this field. Since it entered into force in 2017, there have been continuous debates about the actual success thereof. However, no consequent analysis was provided until now. In this paper, we contribute to this endeavor. We analyzed whether the MDR meets appropriate standards that it requires for the development of medical products. In other words, we raised the question of whether the MDR could be placed on the market if we were to apply the rules of the MDR to itself.
Methods: For this purpose, the analysis was based on the MDR and its Recitals, Articles, and Annexes, as well as the components implementing the regulatory system based on it. We checked whether basic principles for product development and the setup of regulatory systems in the field of medical devices are fulfilled. We asked whether basic development steps for the MDR have been realized appropriately, according to these principles and standards.
Results: The analysis showed that the MDR contains substantial deficiencies regarding a consequent implementation of product development standards. For example, this applies to core principles like transparency, clarity, and traceability of requirements, appropriate implementation of risk management and validation steps, or realization of governance structures. According to our findings, the MDR would fail when we applied its own rules. In particular, central goals of the MDR like the smooth functioning of the market and the safety of the regulatory system were not addressed consequently.
Discussion: According to the high impact the MDR has on the medical device sector but also on the healthcare system in general, our analysis motivates improvements of the MDR-based regulatory system that take these deficiencies into account. This paper provides basic insights into the application of basic principles regarding the implementation of regulatory systems. This should be complemented by further evaluation steps regarding the actual performance of the MDR during its operational phase. Based on this, consequent steps for the actual improvement should be derived to finally achieve a high-quality regulatory system
