ILIRIA International Review
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The crediting policies of Micro-Financial Institutions in Kosovo and their impact in the development of agriculture
Get PDFAgriculture is a very important sector of Kosovo economy. Seeing the big agriculture sector’s need for crediting, this paper is focused on credit policies of micro financial institutions, by emphasizing their impact in the development of agriculture.Since the number of micro financial institutions in Kosovo is quite big and analyzing the crediting policies of all of them is impossible, for comparing analyzes this paper focuses in three of them. Several clients of the micro financial institutions were surveyed to check the impact that the loans they took had on the development of their agricultural activity. The survey includes the entire territory of Kosovo, meaning, clients of different regions were surveyed including minority-inhabited zones.Micro loan has become a support for many farmers, artisans and traders of various Kosovo rural zones. The micro loan makes it possible to have access to financial services for funding small projects in the field of agriculture, cattle-raising or in service sectors, such as artisans, small grocery shops, etc.The main goals of this research is to analyze the credit policies of MFIs operating in Kosovo and their impact in development of agriculture; a comparative analyses of impact of these credit policies in development of agriculture and identification of new crediting policies that might impact further agricultural development.
The effects of exchange rate on balance trade and on monetary aggregates of macedonia and the impact of the current world crisis in its economy
Get PDFMacedonia is a country that is close related to the European Union countries where the majority of the Macedonian foreign trade is with the European Union countries (52%). So the Macedonian economy is in a high level dependency of Euro. Since Denar is connected closely to Euro, and the level of its usage in everyday economic activity is close to the usage of Denar, it is obvious to be discussed as a dilemma whether Macedonia should have Euro as its currency. However, the problem lies in that whether it is the right time for such action as the best solution for Macedonian economy, keeping in mind the fact that in the international arena there is present a second crisis that is the crisis of Euro-Zone.Based on various sources and on our econometric results, in this paper is argued and supported the main hypothesis that the fix exchange rate for Macedonia is a more optimal choice in comparison with the unilateral euroisation and flexible exchange rate. Thus, during the research we found out some arguments that support the existing regime, such as: under a flexible regime an eventual devaluation of the Denar is more possible, which can lead to more negative effects on the economy than benefits. Thus, devaluation of the Denar will have no significant effects on the balance trade (export and imports) and GDP. This means that the competitiveness of a country relies on the other factors. In addition an eventual devaluation of the Denar, it will not have significant effects on monetary aggregates (M2 and M4) due to the asset substitution from Denar deposits to foreign deposits and vice-versa
Central bank independence and its effect on money market stability
Get PDFSince 1990s many countries have moved toward greater central bank independence (CBI) by either amending their Central Bank’s laws or writing them de novo. Also countries of Western Balkans and many other transition countries have moved toward greater CBI. There are many potential benefits associated with greater CBI, and one of them is stable growth of money and liquidity. For a given level of money market development the hypothesis is that a more independent CB is likely to promote more stable growth of money supply (Dželetović et al., 2008). As a result the main research task of this work is to estimate the effects of CBI on money market growth for five Western Balkans countries and five other European transition countries. Because the empirical studies were very limited for the relationship between CBI and money market growth, there were no clear conclusions. In addition, there were different measuring methodologies that attempt to quantify the extent of legal and actual CBI. Related to the main research task, this dissertation has examined the effects of CBI on money market stability (proxied by bank deposit growth) for a sample of 10 countries for a period from 1999-2009 by using fixed effect model. Through this methodology different regressions have been estimated, but the results were not robust and there are no clear finding on the relationship between CBI and money market growth
E-commerce: Buying and Selling through Internet in Kosovo
Get PDFBefore internet was invented, there were invented numerous networks that helped American businesses in multiple savings. First of, they didn’t spend money on buying printers or scanners for the computers they possessed, meaning that the money spent before on buying hundreds of them, now was saved and used to buy a few of printers and scanners. How was this done? This worked by binding the entire computers of a floor to a single network. Second, the factor mostly taken into account is the energy saving and various abuses. Imagine the enormous amount of electricity that hundreds of printers and scanners would spend and how much energy tens of them would spend, moreover just think about how much these devices would be used in offices, where nobody is looking, for personal interests.American business, as the most creative one and the strongest was bothered by only one thing . This was the misuse of secret corporation information. These abuses occurred when the data had to be printed and transferred to corporate subsidiaries around the world. During the transfer the data could also be lost or damaged (intentionally or unintentionally) and then the corporation would suffer losses (the data were transferred via floppy discs, or they were printed in hard copies). The solution for these problems came from the US military that had invented the internet earlier and after having consumed it for its own needs, decided to put it up for American businesses.The internet has developed its own services such as : www, ftp, e-mail, and buying and selling though internet (e-commerce). Nowadays, information exchanges with corporate branches are not made roughly, but electronically in real time. Additionally, this made it possible for a new category of web designers to be created and they created a powerful web-site through which some businesses created virtual shops and they started earning more money than they used to, in their physical stores.This American development started penetrating in other countries as well. In Kosovo and Albania the situation has not changed in terms of doing business through internet. An important reason might be that Kosovo is not admitted to third party service for payments paypal.com, as well as in the world’s largest virtual store Amazon.Inc. But the first steps have already been taken
Terrorism as a form for endangering global security
Get PDFDefining, understanding but also fight against terrorism has taken a new shape after the attacks on the United States of America on September, 11 2001. Now terrorism has changed his view and enemies are not more specific certain countries but this is a global war and that in a certain moment the opponent may be one or more states of a specific region that directly threatening global security.In this paper we will elaborate what the international community has undertaken to coordinate actions to stop terrorism starting from military, police, intelligence cooperation and to the prevention of funding terrorist organizations through various acts within the global organization or even regional ones such as the UN and the EU and in each country separately for the single purpose of eliminating the threat fromterrorism
Political culture in Macedonia after the Ohrid Framework Agreement
Get PDFThe political culture, according to scholar Kavanagh is part of the overall societal culture, and represents a set of basic values, emotions, knowledge, attitudes and convictions, within which the political system operates, shaping and feeding political processes. Culture came as a sequence to efforts to factor the spiritual world of people in explicating policy. Political culture brings to surface some kind of independence of culture from economic factors, and the role of culture in political order and economic development.This paper provides the theoretical aspects of political culture and political systems, within which its reflection is analysed on several aspects of interethnic relations in a democracy. Also, it accentuates the preferred paths of Western Balkan countries, including Macedonia, towards integration with the European Union, which is spiked with many challenges. In the political culture of multi-ethnic societies, ethnic divisions may have an influence. The ethnic principles are still present in the political arena of Macedonia, where although there is some “interethnic reconciliation”, the failure in implementing the Ohrid Framework Agreement, signed in 2001, between Albanians and Macedonians, there are often political contractions, affecting national interests, which is in contradiction to all values of the European Union, mainly with human rights, but also ethnic rights.The object of the analysis of this paper is specifically related to:extended transition of Macedonia,political consensus,role of political parties, andinterethnic relations after the Ohrid Framework Agreement.Political culture in South-Eastern European countries has been analysed in different views, especially in the reform process, where it has an important role.Conclusions of this paper are that Macedonia must fulfil the conditions set forth, both political and institutional, based on the political culture for EU integration, since political culture, according to scholar L. Pye represents a “set of basic values, emotions and knowledge shaping and feeding political processes”.
New legislation of republic of Kosovo in thefield of transport
No full textIn this output are treated issues related to the new legislation in Kosovo in the field of transport. in particular, there is elaborated the law in force, regulations, administrative directions and other sub-legal acts issued by the Ministry of Transport Post and Telecommunication.Special importance was paid on the harmonization respectively on the approximation of the new legislation in Kosovo in the field of transport with acquis communitaire, as well as other aspects of direct implementation of the EU legislation from this field in Kosovo. It also reviewed the application of Law on Obligations provisions as lex generalis in the field of transport and recommendations are given for better and overall regulation of the field of transport, by supplementing and amending laws and by proposing the issuance of other special laws from this field.in the field of transport with international report, such as: European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Regulations Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID), Convention Concerning International Carriage by Rail (COTIF) , Convention Relating to the Contract of Carriage of Goods by Road CMR, The Convention on International Civil Aviation, - Chicago ConventionThe method used in this research is the comparative method.The result of this research is the ascertainment of the situation of new legislation in Kosovo, in relation to acquis communitaire, the effort and commitment of competent institutions for approximation with acquis communitaire .At the end as a conclusion there have been proposed the measures that should be taken in order to complete the legal framework in the field of transport
Organizational culture in public institutions and its impact in the process of implementation of total quality management (case of Kosovo)
Get PDFTotal Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy and approach, whose importance is growing evermore after the 90s. Kosovo's public institutions for a short time now organise activities as part of an independent state and as such they are facing ahead management challenges which are becoming more acute and in the framework of the EU integration processes.Total Quality Management in public institutions, is preceded by establishment and implementation phase ISO 9001 systems. In this paper we tried that through an empirical study in three public institutions of Kosovo, evidence the factors that facilitate or impede timely and successful implementation of quality systems and therefore of TQM. Moreover, we will concentrate on organizational culture. Analysis on the norms, beliefs, principles that characterize the organizational culture of Kosovo institutions and furthermore intertwined with the Law on Public Administration and the political context, will serve to shape the changes that need to be designed to proceed to successful implementation of TQM. In function of the analysis of impeding factors, elements of organizational culture as well as modeling the changes there will be used a number of interviews and questionnaires.
Impact of civil servant salaries on the performance of local public administration in Kosovo
Get PDFMotivation is defined as the willingness to exert high level of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the ability of these efforts to satisfy some individual needs (Robbis / De Cenze p, 407). As motivating factors are: wage increase in career, workplace safety, work contracts, working conditions, organizational culture, leadership in working organizations, the level of responsibility at work and rewards. All these factors have different scale in motivating employee performance. Based on the theory of many authors in the field of Human Resources, presented in scientific literature, scientific journal articles, reports of international institutions (UNDP, World Bank, Human rights etc.)that explore human resources comes the conclusion that the salary is one of the most important motivating factors for employee performance level.Main problem treated in this research is the salary; salary level, its structure, the methodology of determining the current legal framework does not provide a realistic reflection based on needs and performance-oriented employees, so as it is does not motivates either increase public service quality.This work reflects over presented theoretical part from literature, scientific articles, as well from own experience and the main conclusion is that wage is motivating factors in the performance of civil servants in the public administration in local level.Research questions are; which is unsatisfactory levelwithin worker's salary?, What is the salary structure?, What is actual legal framework?, Is it wage rate based on performance or work time?For this research will be used combined methodology; first collection of the primary, secondary data, and interviews, with the objective to draw scientific conclusions of this research.The purpose of this research is to come out with recommendations for institutions to develop policies, local government, human resource managers, executives managers at all levels, but also for its employees to develop policies, to build structures and apply procedures who will enable management technology to increase the salary management system as a key influential factors for high performance level within public sector in Kosovo.
Conditions for development of human resources in the private and public sector in the Pelagonia region in the Republic of Macedonia
No full textWith the intention of having a successful performance of organizations, in conditions of increased competition in particular, human resources and their development are of utmost importance. The uniqueness of these resources, above all, due to the capabilities and competencies they possess, which guarantee to the organization sustainable, long-term company competitiveness, requires their permanent professional development and advancement. The organizations that have this practice already gain relative advantage which on its part insures better strategic position in the frames of highly competitive environment.This research is in the direction of a real perception, ascertaining of assumptions and conditions and suggestions for human resources development. The basis for my knowledge is the reflections of the employees of their experiences in their organizations referring to the permanent professional development and advancement and the degree of satisfaction from work initiated in this context. The paper's title itself initiates draft measures that can be taken in course of inevitable change towards which all the organizations should be directed, in order to create climate for achieving aims, in direction of creating competitive organization, with effective ways of human resources development.In this paper, the results of the conducted research in the public and private sector in the Pelagonia region in the Republic of Macedonia are presented