ILIRIA International Review
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The Greek independence revolution and beyond: the zooming of the albanian role and impact
Get PDFThe nineteenth century is generally considered a century which inspired many nations, both in the East and West, towards the path of independence. While their aims may have been similar, the approach, the overall struggles and management of their individual independence courses, were rather distinctive. One of the most striking examples was Greece. The ethnic Greeks may have had a great desire to obtain independence, but lacked strategy, commitment, and unwavering determination. Their independence fate, however, was destined to be heavy relied, upon their ancient neighbors, the Albanians. Indeed, the Albanians turned out to be the principal benefactor on the ground, conducive to Greek independence.The main aim of this research is to expose the Albanian role especially during the Greek independence revolution. A substantial part of the study delves in the Albanian leadership and responsibility (both military and political) during the respective revolution. The study also explores that thousands of Albanian soldiers from various factions took part in Greek revolution battles. In addition, the study addresses the fact that the Albanian soldiers resorted to fights, even, with their fellow Albanians, all related to the Greek independence. The key objective of the paper is exclusive reliability on the Western sources (British, American, German, Italian or French), vis-à-vis examined topics, to increase, as much as possible, the objectivity of the research outcome. Several distinct themes are examined, considering Albanian contribution to the establishment of the modern Greece, almost all of them, originating from the Western sources of the nineteenth century, the century when the revolution occurred. The paper also incorporates the descriptions of the accounts, of three Westerners (Thomas Gordon, British army officer, Samuel Gridley Howe, American Medical Doctor and George Finlay, a Scottish historian), who were part of revolution and witnessed the development
Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative: Locomotive for Transparency in the Cameroon Extractive Industry, 2005-2015
No full textRents from the extractive sector usually generate income and facilitate the development of States. However, the reverse is true as some countries sanctified with extractive natural resources are often inundated with poverty, low economic growth and conflicts. This has been triggered by the nonexistence of transparency in the management of natural resource wealth by governments. It is because of these setbacks that the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI) was created with the intentions of ensuring transparency among member States. Cameroon’s membership and quest for transparency and compliance to EITI Rules between 2005 and 2015 was not an easy ride as it faced some hurdles. Though accepted as Candidate Country in 2007, her inability to institute transparency in the sector made it impossible for her to attain Compliance Status, three years after, as stipulated by EITI regulations. She was again retained as Candidate in 2013 and the satisfactory implementation of EITI Rules between 2013 and 2015 elevated her to the position of Compliant Country even though some adjustments were postulated by EITI. It is hoped that the pitfalls recorded by Cameroon in the EITI processes can serve as lessons to aspiring candidates in the search for compliance within EITI. Besides, efforts made by Cameroon through the EITI processes can also be adopted or extended to other sectors of the economy in order to boost transparency which is perilous in the country
A Legal Perspective on Career Limitations upon Female Astronauts Due to Cosmic Radiation Exposure
Get PDFTriggered by the contemporary assumption that female astronauts are facing a manifestation of gender-based discrimination regarding career options due to NASA’s strict cosmic radiation exposure limit restrictions, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal perspective of this issue through labor principles of opportunity and health. By recognizing galactic cosmic rays as a special type of radiation exposure naturally occurring within the astronaut’s working environment, it is questioned whether such a severe health threat deserves to be used as a justification for labor discrimination. While examining the legal status of astronauts in labor relations may contribute in realizing the importance of an astronaut’s profession as an individual as well as for the benefit of mankind, the capacities that space agencies, as employers, have in order to fulfill their obligation of eliminating health risks originating from cosmic radiation and solar storms, can be further examined in order to find out if this spaceflight opportunity limitation is just another well hidden demonstration of gender-based discrimination, mainly through the following determinants: 1) Duration of the space mission, and 2) Position of the space object. Also, given the fact that the notion of “outer space labor law” is still nonexistent, this paper additionally emphasizes the need for the establishment of international standards concerning protection against cosmic radiation, in order for astronauts, irrelevant of their nationality, to receive equal health protection measures, as subjects to labor relations
Effect of changing urban farming landscape on financing livelihoods and food security of urban farmers’ households in Ghana
Get PDFHigh rate of concretization of urban areas presents a challenge to the sustainability of urban farms in Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA), as farms are outcompeted to built-up areas for residential and commercial purposes. A major result of this concretization is a growing loss of farmlands in the metropolis. Our study explores the effect of urban growth on livelihood financing and food security of urban farming households. This is an exploratory study based on purposive sampling and snowballing techniques to inquiry. This qualitative study uses interview guides (semi-structured and structured) to collect primary data from farmers in the Accra metropolis. We bolstered this approach with spatial imagery tool to map out changing farm sizes in the metropolis. We find participants displaying greater wakefulness of the community as a key factor of urban farming in relation to food security, income and employment. This was because of inadequate land use planning and support to urban farmers. Some of the significant challenges identified were limited space for farming, limited resources, continuous increase in buildings and inadequate education. Conscious efforts should be made by the assemblies at all levels to develop comprehensive land-use plans to guide urban land management. As part of housing policy, vertical development (storey building) of housing and office accommodation is encouraged rather than horizontal expansion of offices and residential accommodation, which could encourage further growth in buildings. Moreover, the organization of urban farmer associations is a prerequisite to the improvement of urban agriculture
The impact of the electronic market on the development of businesses in Kosovo
Get PDFThis paper will chronologically link the start of doing business in the Republic of Kosovo and not only, with the current developments in this important sector of society and business barriers, as well as the various challenges presented to the market, how much is replacing the application of doing business through the use of information technology. The question is whether Kosovo has human, infrastructural capacities for the development of the electronic market, as a modern form of doing business, and how much serious effort and at the same time important contributions it makes to public and private engagement, to create an incentive environment and incentives for sustainable and competitive business in the Republic of Kosovo, always alluding to the electronic market as an opportunity for the future of doing business.The main purpose of this paper is to identify the opportunities that businesses have to influence economic development in the Republic of Kosovo, through their ability to generate new jobs, increase exports, and contribute to improving the living standards of the citizens of the Republic of Kosovo, using the electronic market as a contemporary and competitive form in business development. In order to realize such an environment, of course, we must consider two main issues, one to recognize and identify the problems that business has and another issue, how much human and material capacity Kosovo has, to provide a favorable environment of doing business through the electronic marketplace
African Perceptions of Donor Agencies: Emerging developments in Sino-African relations
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate that African perceptions of donor agencies such as China may differ from country to country, and are informed by elements such as the country of origin, the knowledge base and orientation towards China. China has been a longstanding partner of Africa since time immemorial through series of trade and cultural exchanges. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to inquiry, we collect primary data via social survey using google forms with questionnaires administered to participants of ten (10) and six (6) tertiary institutions in Ghana and Togo respectively. This is to give voice to participants from Francophone and Anglophone speaking countries on the subject matter. We give more meaning to the survey data using documentary evidence. Evidence from our frequency distribution of the weighted responses on the various dimension of engagement and that of our phenomenology and narrative tools indicate that there are no singular overarching African perception of China as a donor agent; as the African continent is a 55-state region with diverse conflicting political, economic and socio-cultural proclivities. Africans have embraced China as an emerging force but unlike traditional multilateral bodies, China prefer to deal with Africa on an individual level without going public on matters relating to debt reliefs
Use and abuse of reliability in research: An analysis of postgraduate theses at Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Kenya
Get PDFReliability is a classical quality measurement criterion that checks stability, equivalence, internal consistency and absence of errors in the measurement instruments. Due to the need for accurate and reliable results for decision making, a lot of emphasis has been put on proper use of evaluative measurement criteria. Reliability as a criterion of evaluating measurement tools is the focus of this paper. The study aims at 1) finding out the extent to which reliability has been wrongly used; and 2) establishing how Likert type scale has been abused among postgraduates? Classical test theory guided the study to answer the research questions. Descriptive research design was adopted to direct in collection and analysis of data. The study population is theses authored by postgraduate candidates for the years 2018, 2017 and 2016 in Catholic university of Eastern Africa, Gaba Campus. Out of 126 theses filed at the university library, 40 were sampled for the study using the 30% rule. The researchers reviewed literature on research from Loreto library and e-libraries using search engines. Data was collected using review of the sampled theses guided by structured tools developed from the research questions. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Study findings revealed that most of the theses (45%) adopted Test-retest, followed by Cronbach (42.4%) as reliability test tests. Test-retest users confused right techniques and coefficients to determine and interpret as stability of measurement instrument. Cronbach was largely pinned at 0.7 alpha without proper interpretation of levels of internal consistency. The third most favored techniques was Split half (10%)
Brief Overview of Novelties Within the New Criminal Code of Republika Srpska Regarding Legal Protection of Children and Juveniles from Sexual Violence
Get PDFAfter fourteen years of implementation of the reformer Criminal Code of Republika Srpska, in July 2017 a new Criminal Code of Republika Srpska came into force, and with it (partially) a new, post-reform stage in the development of contemporary criminal law in Bosnia and Herzegovina has begun. Although, the Code brings a number of novelties in the field of criminal law, the subject of this article are novelties regarding the legal protection of children and minors from sexual violence in Republika Srpska. The aim is to determine, after an analysis of relevant legal provisions, whether and to what extent the new Code has modified the legal protection of this group of passive subjects with respect to sex offenses (which, in addition to the standard consequences that they generally leave on the victims, can leave indelible consequences for victims whose psychophysical development is still not completed). Also, based on this analysis, the question whether the prescription of new legal protection of children and minors in the Republic of Srpska has been harmonized with or got distant from other positive criminal laws in Bosnia and Herzegovina will be answered. In this article descriptive, normative and comparative scientific methods will be applied
Dynamic Psycho-linguistics: The Impact of the Social Interaction System in the Individual Psycholinguistic Prototype
Get PDFSpeaking is a cognitive, motor activity apparently simple, which differentiates men from other animals and is made possible by a vast network of cerebral, cortical and subcortical structures. Language implies the relationship of the human being to his world while Psycholinguistics is the dynamic language process that leads to a mutual connection with the world external and with the other, which is other than self. In the history of Albanian psycho-pedagogical thinking there are evidences that reveal the efforts and contributions to understand and interpret the phenomena and problems directly related to the development and education of students of different school ages. The discussion of complex linguistic topics, communication and relationships is related not only to the exhaustion of the definition, but also the ability to take into consideration the circumstances that make them a social-ethnic reference system with the contribution of main references such as linguistic psychology, philosophy of language, linguistics and semiotics, cognitive level analysis and phenomenological aspects in a daily dimension, but also in the form of meanings, concept of reciprocity, social connotation and the dynamic process in the whole
Lack of Storage Space for Dangerous Goods: Case Study of the Pristina International Airport "Adem Jashari"
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to define the dangerous goods classes and the lack of storage in Kosovo. The Pristine International Airport “Adem Jashari” (PIA) is the only airport that Kosovo has, and knowing that the number of flights in Kosovo is growing pushed me to analyze the current situation that is going on. The research method that is used in this paper covers an interview with professional people who are responsible for this issue. The research continued with empirical results from the questionnaire developed with a monkey survey covering 100 respondents. Further in the research paper, the author covers marking, labeling and the orientation of the packages that are used for dangerous goods during air transportation. In Kosovo, the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is responsible to firstly identify if the goods meet the condition asked from these authorities or not. Therefore, in case of any individuals or airlines wants to transport goods via air, they should ask for permission from CAA and after that, they might proceed with further application procedures. In the last part, the author gives some recommendations resulting from the findings of this research