ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY
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Factors Controlling the Development of Wine-Glass Forms in the Mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Get PDFThe northern and northeastern parts of Iraq are mountainous areas and rugged topography with different erosional and morphological forms; among them are the wine-glass (erosional cirques) forms. They are developed in different shapes, sizes, and depths. In the outlets of the wine-glass forms; usually, alluvial fans are formed. The studied area is characterized by the presence of long and narrow anticlines with NW–SE trend that changes westward to E–W trend. The Cretaceous carbonate rocks form the main carapace of the majority of the mountains; however, locally Paleogene and/or Jurassic rocks form the carapace. In the core, rocks down to Devonian are exposed. In those anticlines where only Cretaceous rocks are exposed, no or very rarely wine-glass forms are developed. This is attributed to the Cretaceous carbonate rocks, which exist in huge thicknesses in many formations, with thickly bedded to massive nature and very hard erosion resisting rocks. Tens of the existing wineglass forms are studied to indicate the factors that control their development, which are the type of exposed rocks, their thicknesses, and hardness. To perform the aim of this study, different satellite imagery with different resolutions was used; besides using GIS technique and field check to improve the acquired date
VOLUME 6, NO 1 (2018)
No full textDear readers, ARO-the Scientific Journal of Koya University is closing its tenth issue (Vol VI, No 1, 2018) after an exciting yet dynamic season of valuable inputs by our research community and supportive reviewers. ARO is publishing its 5th issue as an internationally listed Scientific Journal in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Notably, ARO has been accepted for indexing in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), a new edition of Web of Science™ as of Feb 2016. Content in this index is under consideration by Thomson Reuters to be accepted in the Science Citation Index Expanded™ (SCIE). ARO’s individual articles are currently listed by Thomson Reuters using articles unique DOI numbers which is a historical achievement for our academic community. ARO is starting its sixth year journey in leading the quality of regional scientific publications with global impact. The editorial team has been working tirelessly to keep the novel mission and sustain ARO’s future publications with greater impacts and citations. It is exciting that ARO has been awarded to DOAJ Seal listing which is an indication of a trusted high standard open access scientific work that so far haven allocated to 88 journals worldwide only. The upcoming new season will be an even more exciting period in ARO’s life as Thomson Reuters will examine our journal for full permanent listing. Despite all ongoing regional conflicts and economic downturn which still having a great impact on scientific research activities and funding of the regional universities in general and Koya University in particular, ARO is continuing to receive great numbers of well-motivated quality papers which shows its steadily growing trust among researchers in the region, demanding the increased volume of publication. Nevertheless, ARO is finding more focus in applied sciences with research values in current regional issues having International impacts. ARO was created with long-term visions of becoming accessible to all researchers in Kurdistan and beyond, and covering a wide range of scholarly disciplines in sciences. ARO is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original scientific research, global news, letters and commentary as well as review articles in areas of natural sciences and technology. In this issue you will have access to original research papers in variety of areas, such as Physics, Biochemistry, Materials Science and Petroleum, Chemical and other fields of Engineering.The great responses from researchers, academics and professionals in the last five years have made us to create a wider Editorial Board which serves the wider submitted scientific manuscripts. However, it is clear that having a dedicated and well organized editorial board for the journal is only one side of the coin. The other is the ability to attract submissions of quality research and scholarly work. We are thankful to all of those who put their trust in ARO and presented their original research work for publication in Vol VI, No 1 (2018) of the journal, as well as, our thanks are extended to the 18 peer-reviewers from the Universities worldwide for their efforts in reviewing and enabling this issue of ARO.Your support and feedback are invited and appreciated.Dilan M. RostamEditor-in-ChiefWali M HamadExecutive PublisherDilan M. Rostam, Salah I. Yahya, Basim M. Fadhil, Fahmi F. Muhammad, Mohammed H.S. Zangana, Jorge Correia and Fouad MuhammadExecutive Editorial Boar
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II), and Zinc(II) Complexes Using Diphenylmethyl Xanthate Ligand
Get PDFPotassium Diphenylmethyl Xanthate and its monomeric complexes were synthesized at room temperature under inert gas and stirring condition. The ligand and its complexes of the general formula [M(L)2] (where M= FeII, CoII, NiII , CuII, ZnII and CdII) were characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis, 1H-, 13C-, DEPT-, HQMC- and COSY-NMR), elemental analysis, metal content, magnetic susceptibility measurement and molar conductance. These studies revealed the formation of four coordinate complexes
Radon Concentration in the Work Atmosphere of Cement Plants in the Sulaymaniyah Area, Iraq
Get PDFThis work reports the radon concentration level in the work environment of cement plants (CPs) located in the Sulaymaniyah city-North of Iraq. This survey for the radon concentration is performed in 24 sectors of three different CPs including Tasluja, Mass, and Bazian. The measurements were recorded using solid state nuclear track detector (CR-39 NTDs). The radon effective dose μSv/hr correlated weakly with the gamma effective dose μSv/hr to enhance the radon concentration measuring. The detector was fixed in different places of the plants such Crusher, Correction stores, Raw Mill (Grinding Mill), Preheater (Tower), Clinker, and Cement Storage. The arithmetic mean (AM) value of radon concentration (Ca) was found to be 98 ± 9, 101 ± 10, and 125 ± 10 Bq m−3 and the arithmetic mean value of annual effective dose (E) of radon was 0.767, 0.753, and 0.962 mSv y−1 for Tasluja, Mass, and Bazian CPs, respectively. The maximum values of about 222 ± 20 Bq m−3 and 1.402 mSv y−1, respectively, in sector III (Grinding) at Bazian CP. The achieved results reveal that the maximum value of radon concentration in all sectors of the CPs is below the international standard value (300 Bq m−3) of both the World Health Organization and International Commission on Radiological Protection
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Isatin Schiff Base Derivative with 3-Aminoacetophenone and its Ni(II), Co(II) Transition Metals Complexes
Get PDFThe (E)-3-(3-acetylphenylimino) indolin-2-one (Bidentate) ligand type [HL], has been prepared from Isatin and 3-aminoacetophenone in the presence of KOH. In general, the ligand contains oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) donor atoms. The reaction of Isatin and 3-aminoacetophenon was carried out in ethanol by condensation reaction at 80°C with reflux for 4 h, to form [HL] ligand type. This ligand has been used to prepare NiII and CoII complexes in the ratio of 1:1 metal-ligand. All compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods (Fourier transform infrared and ultravioletvisible), C.H.N, thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrum, X-ray diffraction, magnetic moment, conductivity measurements and milting point, the synthesized ligand and its metal complexes have been tested for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis using agar disc diffusion method. The ligand and its complexes showed significant activities against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Our study revealed the formation of four coordinate square planar complexes around NiII and CoII metal ions
Evaluating the Wear of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Drill Bit Cutters using Indentation and Scratch Tests
Get PDFAbstract–Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits are widely used in oil and gas drilling. The wear of PDC cutters is a major problem during drilling. It leads to severe time losses which affect the overall drilling operation cost. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the wear tendency for these cutters using predictive approaches. The present research is focused on studying the wear mechanisms of PDC cutters and the effect of their mechanical properties on the extent of wear. The volume of wear for the PDC cutters was determined experimentally using micro- and nano-scratch tests by implementing an approach based on the geometry of the removed material after micro- and nano-scratch tests. The experimental wear results were compared to the predictions from current models in the literature.Various wear models are evaluated for micro- and nano-scratch tests on both layers of the PDC samples. The study shows that the wear of the PDC cutters can be predicted from the material mechanical properties, applied load, sliding distance, and hardness of the PDC cutters. The study could be extended for the evaluation of wear intensity of PDC cutters from various manufactures without using the previous techniques of abrasion testing
Topical Powder Mix of Chalcanthite, Alum, and Clove as an Effective Feet Odor Treatment
Get PDFTreating foot Odor infected with pathogenic fungus and bacteria has been a major concern for pharmaceutical companies. Finding a right treatment with minimum side effects has been of particular importance. This study configures a homemade topical powder mix in treating foot odor. The homemade topical powder mix is free of any harmful chemical constituents; its main constituents being Chalcanthite, Alum, and Clove. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence was used for the determination of the chemical composition component of Chalcanthite, Alum, Clove, and the powder mix of Chalcanthite, Alum, and Clove. XRF was able to measure elements such as Oxygen, Sulfur, Aluminum, Potassium, and Copper in kα line. The antimicrobial activity of the powder mix of Chalcanthite, Alum, and Clove was studied against two pathogenic fungi, which are Epidermophyton sp., and Trichophyton sp., and two pathogenic bacteria, which are Brevibacterium sp., and Staphylococcus sp. Screening for antibacterial and antifungal was done using agar disk diffusion. The growth inhibition zone measured ranged from 16 to 28 mm for all the sensitive fungal, and ranged from 14 to 27 mm for the sensitive bacteria
Efficient and Fair Bandwidth Scheduling in Cloud Environments
Get PDFHundreds of thousands of servers from data centers are operated to provide users with pay-as-yougo infrastructure as a service, platform as a service, and software as a service. Many different types of virtual machine (VM) instances hosted on these servers oftentimes need to efficiently communicate with data movement under current bandwidth capacity. This motivates providers to seek for a bandwidth scheduler to satisfy objectives, namely assuring the minimum bandwidth per VM for the guaranteed deadline and eliminating network congestion as much as possible. Based on some rigorous mathematical models, we formulated a cloud-based bandwidth scheduling algorithm which enables dynamic and fair bandwidth management by categorizing the total bandwidth into several categories and adjusting the allocated bandwidth limit per VM for both upstream and downstream traffics in real time. The simulation showed that paradigm was able to utilize the total assigned bandwidth more efficiently compared to algorithms such as bandwidth efficiency persistence proportional sharing (PPS), PPS, and PS at the network level
Thermal Stability and Reproducibility Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells by Tris(hydroxyquinoline)gallium Dopant Forming a Dual Acceptor Active Layer
Get PDFNowadays, the main barriers facing organic solar cells (OSCs) from being commercialized and widely applied are their weak thermal stability and reproducibility problems. To tackle these problems, researchers usually consider various strategies which include modification in the devices architectural design, utilizing low energy gap materials, functionalizing their active layers, and the use of various optimization procedures. In this research work, we are specifically focused on the utilization of a small molecular organometallic, tris(hydroxyquinoline)gallium (Gaq3), as a secondary acceptor dopant, aiming at improving thermal stability, and reproducibility of OSCs. All-solution processed technique with the help of spin coater was used to deposit the active layer of the devices. Results showed that the addition of 29% molar fraction of Gaq3 into the devices active layer has considerably improved the thermal stability, photo-absorption, and reproducibly of the solar cells thanks to the excellent thermal stability and electron mobility of Gaq3 molecules. Our devices based on DH6T: PCBM:Gaq3 performed highest stable performance at 180°C, implying higher thermal stability compared to that of the reported P3HT: PCBM:F8BT and PTB7:PCBM: F8BT based solar cells. In spite of improved reproducibility, the efficiency of the devices was increased by 5.8 times compared to that of the control ones
Membrane Computing for Real Medical Image Segmentation
Get PDFIn this paper, membrane-based computing image segmentation, both region-based and edge-based, is proposed for medical images that involve two types of neighborhood relations between pixels. These neighborhood relations—namely, 4-adjacency and 8-adjacency of a membrane computing approach—construct a family of tissue-like P systems for segmenting actual 2D medical images in a constant number of steps; the two types of adjacency were compared using different hardware platforms. The process involves the generation of membrane-based segmentation rules for 2D medical images. The rules are written in the P-Lingua format and appended to the input image for visualization. The findings show that the neighborhood relations between pixels of 8-adjacency give better results compared with the 4-adjacency neighborhood relations, because the 8-adjacency considers the eight pixels around the center pixel, which reduces the required communication rules to obtain the final segmentation results. The experimental results proved that the proposed approach has superior results in terms of the number of computational steps and processing time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time an evaluation procedure is conducted to evaluate the efficiency of real image segmentations using membrane computing