ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY
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Design and Construction of Zana Robot for Modeling Human Player in Rock-paper-scissors Game using Multilayer Perceptron, Radial basis Functions and Markov Algorithms
Get PDFIn this paper, the implementation of artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptron [MLP] and radial base functions [RBF]) and the upgraded Markov chain model have been studied and performed to identify the human behavior patterns during rock, paper, and scissors game. The main motivation of this research is the design and construction of an intelligent robot with the ability to defeat a human opponent. MATLAB software has been used to implement intelligent algorithms. After implementing the algorithms, their effectiveness in detecting human behavior pattern has been investigated. To ensure the ideal performance of the implemented model, each player played with the desired algorithms in three different stages. The results showed that the percentage of winning computer with MLP and RBF neural networks and upgraded Markov model, on average in men and women is 59%, 76.66%, and 75%, respectively. Obtained results clearly indicate a very good performance of the RBF neural network and the upgraded Markov model in the mental modeling of the human opponent in the game of rock, paper, and scissors. In the end, the designed game has been employed in both hardware and software which include the Zana intelligent robot and a digital version with a graphical user interface design on the stand. To the best knowledge of the authors, the precision of novel presented method for determining human behavior patterns was the highest precision among all of the previous studies
Identification and Characterization of Different Types of Plastics Wastes Using X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Fluorescence Techniques
No full textIn this study, different types of polymers in postconsumer plastics with pure plastics have been studied. Highdensity polyethylene (HDPE1 and HDPE2), polyvinyl chloride (PVC3 and PVC4), polyethylene terephthalate (PET5 and PET6), and polypropylenes (PP7 and PP8) were compared using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. XRF has shown the spectral in K-lines of polymer materials present in plastics waste. The peak intensity and degree of crystallinity of commercial polymers are varied using XRD analysis. The intensity not attributable to the crystalline peaks may be regarded as the amorphous scattering and used as a template in analyzing the diffraction pattern of the samples. The XRD analysis helps to provide characteristic spectral lines whose intensities vary with the type of each constituent polymer. The combined usage of XRD and XRF techniques yielded very useful and effective results for a commercial plastic management
The Assessment of Acoustical Characteristics for Recent Mosque Buildings in Erbil City of Iraq
No full textThe study of mosque acoustics, concerning acoustical features, sound quality for speech intelligibility, and additional practical acoustic criteria, is commonly overlooked. Acoustic quality is vital to the fundamental use of mosques, in terms of contributing toward prayers and worshippers’ appreciation. This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the acoustic quality level and the acoustical characteristics for two modern mosque buildings constructed in Erbil city. This work investigates and examines the acoustical quality and performance of these two mosques and their prayer halls through room simulation using ODEON Room Acoustics Software, to assess the degree of speech intelligibility according to acoustic criteria relative to the spatial requirements and design guidelines. The sound pressure level and other room-acoustic indicators, such as reverberation time (T30), early decay time, and speech transmission index, are tested. The outcomes demonstrate the quality of acoustics in the investigated mosques during semi-occupied and fully-occupied circumstances. The results specify that the sound quality within the both mosques is displeasing as the loudspeakers were off
Efficient Kinect Sensor-based Kurdish Sign Language Recognition Using Echo System Network
Get PDFSign language assists in building communication and bridging gaps in understanding. Automatic sign language recognition (ASLR) is a field that has recently been studied for various sign languages. However, Kurdish sign language (KuSL) is relatively new and therefore researches and designed datasets on it are limited. This paper has proposed a model to translate KuSL into text and has designed a dataset using Kinect V2 sensor. The computation complexity of feature extraction and classification steps, which are serious problems for ASLR, has been investigated in this paper. The paper proposed a feature engineering approach on the skeleton position alone to provide a better representation of the features and avoid the use of all of the image information. In addition, the paper proposed model makes use of recurrent neural networks (RNNs)-based models. Training RNNs is inherently difficult, and consequently, motivates to investigate alternatives. Besides the trainable long short-term memory (LSTM), this study has proposed the untrained low complexity echo system network (ESN) classifier. The accuracy of both LSTM and ESN indicates they can outperform those in state-of-the-art studies. In addition, ESN which has not been proposed thus far for ASLT exhibits comparable accuracy to the LSTM with a significantly lower training time
Design and Fabrication of a Novel Ultra Compact Microstrip Diplexer Using Interdigital and Spiral Cells
Get PDFA dual-band bandpass-bandpass microstrip diplexer with very small size and good performance is designed in this work. The proposed diplexer has a novel structure which is introduced for the first time in this paper. In comparison with the previously reported diplexers, it occupies the most compact size of 0.002 λg2 (226.7 mm2), fabricated on 0.787 mm dielectric substrate height. The resonance frequencies of the presented diplexer are located at 0.76 GHz and 1.79 GHz making it suitable for the global system for mobile communications (GSM) applications. It has a wide flat channels with two fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of 41.1% and 50%. Another feature of the proposed diplexer is its ability to suppress the harmonics. It can attenuate the 1st to 7th harmonics. Moreover, it has low insertion losses and low group delays at both channels while the isolation and return losses are acceptable. Finally, the proposed diplexer is fabricated and measured to verify the simulation results, where a good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is obtained
Examining Heterogeneity Structured on a Large Data Volume with Minimal Incompleteness
Get PDFWhile Big Data analytics can provide a variety of benefits, processing heterogeneous data comes with its own set of limitations. A transaction pattern must be studied independently while working with Bitcoin data, this study examines twitter data related to Bitcoin and investigate communications pattern on bitcoin transactional tweet. Using the hashtags #Bitcoin or #BTC on Twitter, a vast amount of data was gathered, which was mined to uncover a pattern that everyone either (speculators, teaches, or the stakeholders) uses on Twitter to discuss Bitcoin transactions. This aim is to determine the direction of Bitcoin transaction tweets based on historical data. As a result, this research proposes using Big Data analytics to track Bitcoin transaction communications in tweets in order to discover a pattern. Hadoop platform MapReduce was used. The finding indicate that In the map step of the procedure, Hadoop's tokenize the dataset and parse them to the mapper where thirteen patterns were established and reduced to three patterns using the attributes previously stored data in the Hadoop context, one of which is the Emoji data that was left out in previous research discussions, but the text is only one piece of the puzzle on bitcoin transaction interaction, and the key part of it is “No certainty, only possibilities” in Bitcoin transaction
A Review of the Development and Applicability of Double-Skin Facades in Hot Climates
Get PDFA double-skin façade (DSF) is a multilayered skin that was initially designed for the cold climate of European countries with noticeable success. Since then, countries in different climates started looking into the possibility of adopting DSF through the use of computer simulations to avoid any unforeseen problems in real life. This study aims to look into the possibility and level of success in using DSF in the Middle East’s hot-arid climate, making it a challenge compared to European countries. The study utilized a quantitative investigative approach in analyzing the results of some studies done in different countries in the Middle East. After looking into the results from different papers, careful considerations have to be made for the building due to its location and microclimate todetermine specific parameters (e.g., combination of transparent and opaque materials, proportion between floor level and screen height, orientation and cavity depth), these would lead to a significant impact on reducing a building’s cooling loads and energy efficiency. It is worth noting that mechanical ventilation (e.g., supplying all return cool air from internal spaces into the DSF cavity or integrating the building’s heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system with the façade) is necessary for DSF in hot climates to cool and maintain its cavity’s temperature to function properly. However, this increases cooling loads, energy consumption, and running costs of the building which architects have to consider to determine the most efficient and economical solution in material and equipment.
 
Comparative Quality Analysis between Tap Water and Bottled Water: A Case Study of Koya City in Iraq
Get PDFRecently, bottled water consumption has been increasing significantly, even when the quality of tap water is considered excellent, which contributes to plastic pollution. Besides, reducing the use of plastic generally is recommended world widely, as its consumption is in an alarming rate. Therefore, this study aims to compare the tap and bottled water and manifest the reasons behind choosing the bottled water, which is less comfortable and often more expensive over the tap water. In this study, samples have been taken from both bottled and tap water in Koya city from November 2020 to May 2021 to test their quality using PH, DO, EC, and TDS meter, hardness was determined by complexometric titration method at 21°C, and XRF spectrometers. According to the quality standards, most of the variables were in a permissible range, except for dissolved oxygen and Aluminum content in both types of water and TDS for two types of bottled water. However, the quality of tap water was much safer to be used, as compared with the bottled water. 
First Principle Calculations for Silver Halides AgBr, AgCl, and AgF
Get PDFDensity functional theory (DFT) coupled with ) method are carried out to calculate the electronic structures of AgX (X; Br, Cl, and F). The effect of hybridizing between 4d orbital of Ag element and the p orbitals of the X in the valence band plays a very important role in the total density of states configuration. The electronic structure has been studied and all results were compared with the experimental and theoretical values. The importance of this work is that there is insufficient studies of silver halides corresponding the great importance of these compounds. Almost all the results were consistent with the previous studies mentioned here. We found the band gap of AgX to be 2.343 eV, 2.553 eV, and 1.677 eV for AgBr, AgCl, and AgF respectively which are in good agreement with the experimental results.
 
Categorization of Bacterial Pathogens Present in Infected Wounds and their Antibiotic Resistance Profile Recovered from Patients Attending Rizgary Hospital-Erbil
Get PDFWound infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria can extend a patients’ debility and increase the expense of treatment in the long term; therefore, careful management of patients with wound infections is necessary to avoid complications. The usage of antimicrobial agent is a major factor in resistance development. This study aims to understand the causes of wound infections, as well as the criteria for diagnosing them for more sensible antibiotic prescribing. Samples from 269 wound patients were collected, and cultured for bacterial growth. Gram stain technique, bacterial identification via VITEK 2 compact system were investigated in this study. Gram negative bacteria accounted for 59.15% of the total isolates, while pathogenic gram positive bacteria accounted for 40.85% of total isolates. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the dominant pathogenic gram negative bacteria in wounds, while Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the dominant pathogenic gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 100% resistance to the majority of antibiotic tested, including Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Aztreona, Ceftriaxone, and others. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are 100% resistant to Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime. For more efficient antibiotic prescriptions, the causative microorganisms, and their current susceptibility patterns need to be mandated for testing before prescribing any antibiotics to patients. Prescriptions are frequently based solely on general information about the antibiotic's function, rather than on individual response variation to the pathogen and the antibiotic. Particularly when the common pathogens in this study show multidrug resistance in wounds