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Lamu County Fiscal Strategy Paper 2025
Get PDFone of the key stages in the County budget preparation cycle is the production of the County Fiscal Strategy Paper (CFSP). It sets out the county policy goals and strategic priorities that will be the basis for formulation of the County’s Financial Year 2025/2026 budget and the Medium- Term projections. This is an annual planning document that shows the various Fiscal strategies that the County Government of Lamu intends to employ to meet its overall objective of improving the livelihoods of its citizens. Consequently, through this document the County Government has set out priorities which will lead to the realization of the Governor’s Nine Point manifesto with emphasis on food security, water as a universal right, revenue enhancement, public private partnerships, health care, education and partnerships building over the medium-term period. These priorities are based on the third generation CIDP (2023-2027), Annual Development Plan (CADP) 2024-2025, the Kenya Vision 2030 and the MTP IV. The finalization of this CFSP 2025 was informed by the provisions and guidelines as per the PFM Act, 2012 and the PFM (County Government Regulations 2015). As a build-up on the County Budget Review and Outlook Paper (CBROP) 2024, which analyzed the performance in the FY 2023/2024 financial year’s budget, scanned the current year’s fiscal environment and provided an outlook for the FY 2025/2026 and the medium term, this CFSP shows the allocation of resources to all sectors and departments. The main sources of County revenue, in the medium term, will be the equitable share, conditional grants, local revenue collections and donor funding. The paper covers the following broad areas; highlights of the recent economic developments and the economic outlook; broad strategic priorities and policies for the Medium-Term Fiscal Framework. The fiscal framework presented in the paper ensures a sustainable financing while allowing continued spending on priority programs. Achievement of the set objectives calls for greater transparency, effectiveness and efficiency in public financial management in order to ensure fiscal discipline
Tensor rectifiable G-flat chains
No full textInternational audienceA rigidity result for normal rectifiable -chains in with coefficients in an Abelian normed group is established. Given some decompositions , and some rectifiable -chain in , we consider the properties:(1) The tangent planes to split as for some -plane and some -plane .(2) for some sets , such that is -rectifiable and is -rectifiable (we say that is -rectifiable).The main result is that for normal chains, (1) implies (2), the converse is immediate. In the proof we introduce the new groups of tensor flat chains (or -chains) in which generalize Fleming's -flat chains. The other main tool is White's rectifiable slices theorem. We show that on the one hand any normal rectifiable chain satisfying~(1) identifies with a normal rectifiable -chain and that on the other hand any normal rectifiable -chain is -rectifiable
Tail Modulo Cons, OCaml, and Relational Separation Logic
No full textInternational audienceCommon functional languages incentivize tail-recursive functions, as opposed to general recursive functions that consume stack space and may not scale to large inputs. This distinction occasionally requires writing functions in a tail-recursive style that may be more complex and slower than the natural, non-tail-recursive definition. This work describes our implementation of the tail modulo constructor (TMC) transformation in the OCaml compiler, an optimization that provides stack-efficiency for a larger class of functions --- tail-recursive modulo constructors --- which includes in particular the natural definition of 'List.map' and many similar recursive data-constructing functions. We prove the correctness of this program transformation in a simplified setting --- a small untyped calculus --- that captures the salient aspects of the OCaml implementation. Our proof is mechanized in the Coq proof assistant, using the Iris base logic. An independent contribution of our work is an extension of the Simuliris approach to define simulation relations that support different calling conventions. To our knowledge, this is the first use of Simuliris to prove the correctness of a compiler transformation
Heath-Jarrow-Morton meet lifted Heston in energy markets for joint historical and implied calibration
No full textIn energy markets, joint historical and implied calibration is of paramount importance for practitioners yet notoriously challenging due to the need to align historical correlations of futures contracts with implied volatility smiles from the option market. We address this crucial problem with a parsimonious multiplicative multi-factor Heath-Jarrow-Morton (HJM) model for forward curves, combined with a stochastic volatility factor coming from the Lifted Heston model. We develop a sequential fast calibration procedure leveraging the Kemna-Vorst approximation of futures contracts: (i) historical correlations and the Variance Swap (VS) volatility term structure are captured through Level, Slope, and Curvature factors, (ii) the VS volatility term structure can then be corrected for a perfect match via a fixed-point algorithm, (iii) implied volatility smiles are calibrated using Fourier-based techniques. Our model displays remarkable joint historical and implied calibration fits -to both German power and TTF gas marketsand enables realistic interpolation within the implied volatility hypercube
'Economics is Not a Man's Field': CSWEP and the First Gender Reckoning in Economics (1971-1991)
No full textInternational audienceThis paper is a history of the first gender reckoning in U.S. economics profession, which began in the early 1970s. Based on hitherto closed archives of the American Economic Association (AEA), we reconstruct the historical context that led to the establishment of the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP) and unpack the committee's successes and failures, the enthusiasm it generated, and the resistance it encountered. We first show that then (as now), the birth of CSWEP was tied to larger social concerns: the feminist and civil rights movements, growing public awareness of issues surrounding discrimination and inequality, and the shifting legal context that drew many scientific societies and institutions toward such a reckoning. The narrative then turns to how economists' particular approach to understanding social phenomena influenced views within the profession regarding gender disparities. Economists both study and experience discrimination, which led economists to view the status of women in the profession through the lens of economic analysis. The final section reflects on changes during the 1980s that saw the normalization of gender topics in economics as well as the fragmentation among economists interested in furthering the status of women. In conclusion, we emphasize how the CSWEP's activities contributed to the professionalization of economics at large
Aeolus 2.0's thermal rotating shallow water model: A new paradigm for simulating extreme heatwaves, westerly jet intensification, and more
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, we demonstrate the dynamical core and applicability of Aeolus 2.0, a moist-convective thermal rotating shallow water model of intermediate complexity, along with its novel bulk aerodynamic and moist-convective schemes, in capturing the effects of increased radiative forcing on zonal winds and heatwaves. Simulations reveal seasonal patterns in zonal wind, temperature, and energy anomalies under increased radiative forcing during the summer solstice, winter solstice, and equinoxes. Increased radiative forcing enhances mid-latitudinal temperatures during the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, leading to increased zonal wind velocity in the affected hemisphere, especially in the subtropics, while decreasing it in the opposite hemisphere. This thermal forcing also reduces the zonal wind velocity of polar cyclones in the hemisphere experiencing increased radiative forcing. During the autumn equinox, zonal wind velocity diminishes in the Southern Hemisphere, while a similar reduction occurs in the Northern Hemisphere during the spring equinox. Heightened meridional gradients significantly influence the poleward displacement of atmospheric circulation, particularly during the summer (northward) and winter (southward) solstices. Poleward eddy heat fluxes persist across hemispheres, indicating a consistent response to external heating. Increased radiative forcing during the summer and winter solstices amplifies prolonged heatwaves across land and ocean, exceeding impacts observed during the spring and autumn equinoxes
Theoretical study of the non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes for NO and CO detection
No full textInternational audienceSensing CO and NO gases at room temperature (RT) is of great significance for various industrial and environmental sectors including, pollution monitoring, commercial safety, and medical services, among others. Nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have emerged as promising candidates for RT gas-sensing applications due to their unique intrinsic properties. Herein, we reported a theoretical study of semiconductor-SWNTs (8,0) as sensitive layer for CO and NO detection. To improve their sensing performance, semiconductor-SWNTs (8,0) were non-covalently functionalized with a series of metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines molecules such as cobalt(II)-phthalocyanine (Pht-Co), cobalt(II)-porphyrin (Por-Co) and iron(II)-porphyrin (Por-Fe). A charge transfer between the functionalizing molecules and SWNTs induces n-type doping of SWNTs. The functionalized SWNTs exhibited superior sensitivity and attachment capacity toward NO and CO compared to pristine SWNTs. By analyzing the interaction between gases and different functionalized SWNTs molecules, the results showed that NO acts as an electron acceptor with all systems. However, CO reacts as an electron donor with Por-Co and Pht-Co functionalized SWNTs and as an electron acceptor with SWNT (8,0) + Por-Fe. From the set of tested molecules, Por-Co is the best candidate for selective detection of both CO and NO with different signals depending on the gas nature
Study of in decays
No full textInternational audienceAn amplitude analysis of the transition is performed simultaneously in , , and decays. The study is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions recorded with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of and TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of . A clear double-peak structure is observed in the spectrum of the decay. The data can be described either with a model including , and resonances, in which the contributions of and are unexpectedly large, or with a model including , a doubly charged open-charm tetraquark state and its isospin partner . If the former is considered implausible, the states are observed with high significance, and the data are consistent with isospin symmetry. When imposing isospin constraints between the two states, their mass and width are determined to be MeV and MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The mass is slightly below the threshold, and a spin-parity of is favoured with high significance
Search for a heavy resonance decaying into a Z and a Higgs boson in events with an energetic jet and two electrons, two muons, or missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV
No full textInternational audienceA search is presented for a heavy resonance decaying into a Z boson and a Higgs (H) boson. The analysis is based on data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb, recorded with the CMS experiment in the years 2016-2018. Resonance masses between 1.4 and 5 TeV are considered, resulting in large transverse momenta of the Z and H bosons. Final states that result from Z boson decays to pairs of electrons, muons, or neutrinos are considered. The H boson is reconstructed as a single large-radius jet, recoiling against the Z boson. Machine-learning flavour-tagging techniques are employed to identify decays of a Lorentz-boosted H boson into pairs of charm or bottom quarks, or into four quarks via the intermediate H WW* and ZZ* decays. The analysis targets H boson decays that were not generally included in previous searches using the H channel. Compared with previous analyses, the sensitivity for high resonance masses is improved significantly in the channel where at most one b quark is tagged
The Nobel “Pride” Phenomenon: An analysis of Nobel Prize discoveries and their recognition
No full textInternational audienceThe Nobel Prize is considered one of the highest forms of recognition of scientific accomplishment, conferring immense prestige upon its recipients. Given the significant time lag between the award and the discovery, Nobel Prizes are bestowed to individuals associated with institutions and countries other than the original place of the discovery. Contextualizing our research in status-seeking literature, we define the imprecise and sometimes excessive appropriation of Nobel Prizes by institutions and even countries as the “Nobel ‘Pride’ Phenomenon”. Our empirical analysis focuses on the time and location of the 653 discoveries underlying each of the 350 Nobel Prizes in medicine, physics, and chemistry until 2024. About one-third of all Nobel laureates came from another institution or country. Furthermore, Nobel Prize creativity is highly concentrated, with more than 80 % of discoveries made in just five countries. These findings cast new light on the Nobel laureates' demographics, geographic and historical movements, and institutional affiliations, and have implications for research policy at institutions and national levels