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Speech by His Excellency President William Samoei Ruto, Phd., C.G.H on Madaraka Day June 1, 2025
Full text linkPresident William Ruto’s 2025 Madaraka Day speech celebrates Kenya’s progress 62 years after attaining internal self-rule, emphasising self-belief, national renewal, and transformative development driven by the Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA). He highlights strong economic gains—including 5% average growth, reduced inflation, a stronger shilling, and expanded foreign reserves—alongside major achievements in affordable housing, universal healthcare (SHA), agriculture, education reforms, MSME financing, youth empowerment, and infrastructure. The President underscores the transformative impact of housing and healthcare programmes on ordinary citizens, notes significant strides in teacher recruitment, TVET expansion, and food production, and unveils ambitious Blue Economy investments aimed at unlocking Kenya’s maritime potential. He calls on Kenyans to embrace change, sustain momentum, and uphold the spirit of Madaraka by building a nation of equal opportunity, dignity, and shared prosperity
Kisii County Fiscal Strategy Paper 2025
No full texthe development of the County Fiscal Strategy Paper (CFSP) is one of the key stages in the budget preparation cycle. It sets out the county policy goals and strategic priorities that will form the basis for county’s budget formulation for the Financial Year 2025/2026 and the Medium-Term projections. This is an annual planning document that shows the various fiscal strategies that the County Government will employ to meet its overall objective of improved livelihoods for the citizens.
The County priorities and goals outlined in this CFSP are drawn from the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP 2023-2027) and the FY 2025/2026 Annual Development Plan (ADP) with emphasis on investment in: wealth creation, Social Development, Environmental conservation, ICT and Infrastructure and Governance and devolution. These priorities form key linkage between the county planning policies and the budget process and form the basis for the formulation of 2025/2026 FY budget estimate. In compliance with the mandate bestowed on the County governments by the Constitution, Kisii County Government is dedicated to prudently utilize the available resources and enhancing fiscal discipline so as improve the living standards of its citizens. The County Government will work on the improved macro-economic environment to overcome development and fiscal challenges and the various interrelationship challenges within the national and county governance structures. The County Government will promote value addition, investment on infrastructure and support especially the small and medium enterprises so as to expand employment opportunities. Over the years, we have learned the need to lay a firm financial base for the County Government through the minimization of debt and maximization of revenues. We intend to achieve this with the CFSP (2025/2026) and the budget estimates to be drawn from the strategy paper
Gender effects of government credit programmes on entrepreneurship in Kenya: a propensity score matching approach
No full texturpose – This study investigates the role of government-supplied credit in addressing gender gaps in entrepreneurship in Kenya – a critical issue given the state’s influence in shaping entrepreneurial ecosystems, especially in contexts of deep structural inequality. Despite the proliferation of such credit programs, their effectiveness in closing financing and entrepreneurial gender gaps remains underexplored. It also remains unclear whether these initiatives foster transformative, opportunity-driven ventures or unintentionally reinforce necessity entrepreneurship, thereby perpetuating precarity and informality. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses an approach based on propensity score matching with the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) 2016 survey data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS).Findings – Government credit did not significantly affect opportunity-driven entrepreneurship but negatively impacted necessity entrepreneurship. It strongly supported employment growth, particularly in male-owned businesses. Gender analysis showed that men benefitted more, with their businesses shifting from necessity to opportunity entrepreneurship and seeing job growth. In contrast, women-owned businesses showed no significant entrepreneurial gains from the same credit access.Practical implications – Government credit promotes employment and lessens the need for necessity entrepreneurship, but its long-term effects on high-growth ventures are minimal. Evaluations should focus on outcomes like firm survival, productivity and competitiveness. Tailored support for women, addressing structural barriers and integrating mentorship and market access are crucial. A more strategic, inclusive and impact-driven approach is required for lasting success.Originality/value – This study challenges the assumption that government credit is inherently empowering, examining its role in promoting opportunity versus necessity entrepreneurship among women and contributing to broader debates on the state’s role in unequal entrepreneurial ecosystems
Wajir County Annual Development Plan 2025/2026
Full text linkThis is the Third County Annual Development Plan (CADP) in implementation of our transformative five-year County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) 2023 - 2027. It is a crucial Plan in providing the direction that we must take to achieve the milestones and ambitious goals we have set for ourselves. The Plan comes at a time when we are in high gear towards implementing policies and programmes that are meant to enhance implementation of programmes and projects.
The programmes and projects in this CADP reflect the County and peoples’ priorities in the key sectors of Finance and Production; Health; Food Security; Water, Environment and Natural Resources; Early Childhood Development Education (ECDE) and Social Services. Through implementation of this plan, we endeavor to bring services closer to the people, uphold equity amongst all and most importantly start the journey to socio-economic transformation for all the people equitably and all settlements of Wajir County.
The allocation of resources available in the FY 2025/2026 has given due consideration to the proposals made by the Couty residents during public participation for the County Annual Development Plan (CADP) as well as Year three (3) targets of the CIDP. In that respect, Health Services; Agriculture; and Water, Environment and Natural Resources sectors have been allocated to address the needs and aspirations of the people. The allocation of resources has also reflected the aspirations in the the Governor’s Manifesto, Vision 2030 and global best practices specifically achievement of the SDGs
Kitui County Annual Development Plan 2026/2027
Full text linkThe Annual Development Plan (ADP) is prepared in accordance with Article 220 (2) of the constitution. The Public Finance Management Act, 2012, (section 126) requires each County Government to prepare ADP which is submitted for approval to the County Assembly not later than 1st September of each year. ADP provides county strategic priorities, programmes and projects to be offered to county citizens in the succeeding financial year and are selected from County Integrated Development plan (CIDP) 2023-2027. County Performance Review for the previous year (FY2024/2025)
Some of prominent achievements include; Community level infrastructure development programme – over three hundred projects have been done across the county benefiting three hundred households.
Disbursement of pro-poor was done to need students. Existing VTCs were renovated that; Kyuso VTC, Tseikuru VTC, Miambani VTC, Mwingi Baptist, Kanyongonyo VTC, Mutwaathi VTC, Kyatune VTC (Kyuso, Tseikuru, Miambani, Mwingi Central, Yatta Kwa Vonza, Migwani and Ikanga Kyatune) Fencing of land designated for Utalii College complete. Twambui Police station and Imuumba police station blocks were completed fenced and now are operational. Construction of Kyuso ward office is ongoing 80% complete. Construction of 80 sand dams completed and 9 sump wells constructed. 12 bore holes were drilled and equipped while 20 were repaired and equipped. 6 cluster irrigation projects completed and one solarized. 377 Parking slots marked in township ward to improve revenue. 59 posts of Streetlight installed in various places in township wards and its environs. 10,000 Households & Institutions were connected with electricity in partnership with REREC and Kenya Power. 144,000 tree seedlings were planted.
48 Solar Energy Integrated Security Lights installed in various markets across the county. Construction of Kitui County aggregation and Industrial Park (K-CAIP) ongoing. Construction of Ultra-Modern Stadium at Kivou and Kyoani is 70% complete. Kitui County Youth Development Policy done
Wajir County Annual Development Plan 2026/2027
Full text linkThis is the fourth County Annual Development Plan (CADP) in implementation of our transformative five-year County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) 2023 - 2027. It is a crucial Plan in providing the direction that we must take to achieve the milestones and ambitious goals we have set for ourselves. The Plan comes at a time when we are in high gear towards implementing policies and programs that are meant to enhance implementation of programs and projects.
The programs and projects in this CADP reflect the County and peoples’ priorities in the key sectors of Finance and Production; Health; Food Security; Water, Environment and Natural Resources; Early Childhood Development Education (ECDE) and Social Services. Through implementation of this plan, we endeavor to bring services closer to the people, uphold equity amongst all and most importantly start the journey to socio-economic transformation for all the people equitably and all settlements of Wajir County.
The allocation of resources available in the FY 2026/2027 has given due consideration to the proposals made by the Couty residents during public participation for the County Annual Development Plan (CADP) as well as Year four (4) targets of the CIDP. In that respect, Health Services; Agriculture; and Water, Environment and Natural Resources sectors have been allocated to address the needs and aspirations of the people. The allocation of resources has also reflected the aspirations in the the Governor’s Manifesto, Vision 2030 and global best practices specifically achievement of the SDG
Machakos County Human Resource Development Policy for Machakos County Public Service
Full text linkThis policy provides a strategic framework for employee training, capacity building, and career development within the Machakos County Public Service. It identifies priority training areas, funding mechanisms, and eligibility criteria for professional development programs. The policy aims to enhance employee competencies by offering structured learning opportunities, including workshops, short courses, and higher education sponsorships. Additionally, it establishes mechanisms for assessing training effectiveness and ensuring that acquired skills contribute to improved service delivery. The document also emphasizes the importance of continuous learning in adapting to evolving governance and technological trends. Through structured training initiatives, the county seeks to build a skilled workforce capable of driving innovation and excellence in public service
Discussion Paper No. 383 of 2025 on The Role of Instituitions in Inculcating an Entrepreneurial Culture in Kenya
Full text linkThis study examines how institutional frameworks shape entrepreneurial intentions and culture in Kenya, motivated by the need to address critical deficiencies that impede entrepreneurship. The goal is to conduct
a comprehensive analysis of institutional contributions to Kenya’s entrepreneurial culture, focusing on the regulatory, normative, and cognitive pillars, and addressing policy issues related to institutional gaps that hinder the development of an entrepreneurship-oriented society. The analysis covers historical phases—pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial—to provide a nuanced understanding of institutional impacts over time. The regulatory pillar assesses the evolution from informal barter systems to formal colonial regulations, and then to post-independence reforms plagued by bureaucratic inefficiencies and financial inequities. Despite initiatives such as table banking, the Youth Enterprise Development Fund and Women’s Enterprise Fund challenges with credit access and regulatory effectiveness have persisted. The normative pillar highlights how pre-colonial entrepreneurial practices, rooted in community and necessity, were disrupted by colonial regulations but evolved post-independence to include greater participation of marginalized groups through programmes such as Ushanga Kenya. Cultural shifts and globalization have further influenced entrepreneurial behaviour negatively
Kirinyaga County Annual Development Plan 2025/2026
Full text linkThis Annual Development Plan outlines our strategic priorities, projects, and programs aimed at fostering sustainable economic, social, and political development within our county. Agriculture and Food Security: The backbone of Kirinyaga's economy, agriculture will see significant investments aimed at enhancing productivity and value addition. Our focus will be on supporting smallholder farmers through improved access to modern farming technologies, extension services, and market linkages. Additionally, efforts will be made to promote sustainable agricultural practices and climate-smart farming to ensure long-term food security. Healthcare: Improving healthcare services remains a top priority. We will invest in upgrading our health facilities, enhancing healthcare infrastructure, and ensuring adequate supply of medical equipment and medicines. Special attention will be given to maternal and child health, preventive care, and the management of non-communicable diseases. Education and Skills Development: Recognizing the importance of education in driving socio-economic growth, the plan emphasizes increasing access to quality education and vocational training. We aim to enhance Early Childhood Development (ECD) centres, improve the infrastructure of our vocational training institutions, and provide continuous professional development for our teachers. Infrastructure Development: Infrastructure is critical for economic development and improved service delivery. This plan prioritizes the development and maintenance of road networks, bridges, and other essential infrastructure to enhance connectivity and support economic activities.
Water and Sanitation: Ensuring access to clean and safe water is essential for public health and wellbeing. Our initiatives will focus on expanding water supply systems, improving sanitation facilities, and promoting the efficient use of water resources to support both urban and rural areas. Economic Empowerment: We aim to foster a conducive environment for business and entrepreneurship. This includes supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), promoting cooperative societies, and encouraging investment in key sectors such as tourism and manufacturing