821 research outputs found
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Exploring the spectrum of variability and identifying donor genotypes fordrought stress tolerance in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Full text linkBrinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is a nutritionally and commercially important crop and its productivity is hampered by drought stress. Screening and identification of stage specific donor genotypes possibly will be the strategy to improve the productivity. This study assessed the germination and seedling stage drought stress tolerance of 105 brinjal genotypes with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Two PEG concentrations viz., -2 and -6 bars along with water as control were used as treatments. The correlation and linear regression analysis indicated that total seedling length (TSL) and seedling vigor (SV) had highest correlation to drought stress. Stress tolerant genotypes namely Rayadurga Local, Arka Harshitha, Bethapudi local, Arka Avinash and IIHR-586 and Niranjan Bhata, had high and consistent individual and combined mean membership function value (MMFVC) signifying their higher moisture stress tolerance at seedling stage. Field evaluation of the contrasting genotypes showed that the genotypes with higher MMFVC had lower drought susceptibility index (DSI) indicating higher tolerance to drought stress. The findings from the field experiment are in line with the results of the laboratory study, indicating that genotypes with higher MMFVC values exhibit lower DSI values, and vice versa. This consistent pattern further strengthens the reliability of utilizing MMFVC as a preliminary screening method for identifying genotypes with promising stress tolerance capabilitie
Unraveling the impact of soil nutrients on papaya black spot disease caused byAsperisporium caricae (Speg.) Maubl
Full text linkThe study was conducted to correlate soil nutrient factors and papaya black spot disease severity on leaves and fruits of the papaya plant cv. Taiwan Red Lady. The results revealed that there was a positive correlation coefficient i.e. increase in black spot severity) for soil pH, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium and hot water extractable boron with black spot of leaf severities, whereas, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available potassium, available sulfur, DTPA extractable zinc, DTPA extractable manganese, iron and copper were negatively correlated with black spot severity on leaves. Further, black spot severity on fruits were positively correlated with soil pH, available N, available P, exchangeable Ca and Mg, DTPA extractable Cu, and negatively correlated with EC, OC, available K and S, DTPA extractable Zn, Mn and Fe, and hot water extractable B. Hence, the available nitrogen and exchangeable magnesium concentrations in soil significantly influence the papaya black spot disease severity but the difference in black spot severity due to changes in the concentration of nutrients other than these two analyzed in the experiment was nonsignificant
Survey and assessment of genetic diversity for yellow leaf disease, and DNA fingerprinting of Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) genotypes using molecular markers
Full text linkAreca nut traditionally known for its stimulant properties, has gained recognition for its medicinal uses in treating schizophrenia and glaucoma, while also serving as a mild stimulant and digestive aid. Its production faces significant challenges, primarily from biotic stresses such as yellow leaf disease (YLD), particularly endemic in the Malnad region of Karnataka, India. Yellow leaf disease poses a substantial threat, causing heavy yield loss with no current cure; therefore, breeding for resistance is imperative. Disease-free palms identified in heavily affected regions may harbor unique gene families. This study utilized three marker systems viz., random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), and resistant gene-based markers (RGP) to differentiate YLD-resistant areca palms from susceptible ones. The resistant gene primer (RGP) demonstrated the highest polymorphism, with a polymorphic information content (PIC) ranging from 0.45 to 0.83 and an average PIC of 0.72 among the arecanut genotypes. Other markers, OPAF 06, UBC 351, and RGP1, also exhibited significant polymorphism. The markers effectively differentiated susceptible and resistant genotypes into distinct clusters. The outcomes provide valuable insights for map-based cloning of YLD resistance genes. This molecular characterization lays the foundation for developing targeted treatments and diagnostics for YLD, emphasizing the importance of genetic approaches in securing areca nut production against this devastating disease
Impact of staggered transplanting of pollen parents and repeated pollinationmethods in hybrid seed production of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
Full text linkMarigold is an important commercial flower crop of India and hybrids are in demand. However, the hybrid seeds are being imported due to the limited number of hybrids. Seed production of F1 hybrids needs to be enhanced to reduce the dependency on imported seeds. Therefore, the present study was initiated to work out the strategies for maximizing the hybrid seed production in four hybrid combinations. Seed parents exhibited delayed flowering with an extended duration ranging from 104.89 to 114.50 days, in contrast to the early-flowering pollen parents, which had a shorter flowering duration of 65.39 to 72.28 days. This discrepancy could be effectively addressed by staggered planting of pollen parents at multiple intervals, ensuring consistent pollen availability throughout the active flowering period of the seed parents. Irrespective of the hybrid combinations, repeated pollination for three-time registered higher seed setting percentage (49.56%), more number of seeds (112.79) and higher seed weight (250.67 mg) per flower compared to either one or two time pollinations. The study highlighted the potential for enhanced hybrid seed production through staggered planting of pollen parents combined with repeated pollination, ensuring maximum seed set per flower and optimizing seed yield per unit area of production
Unveiling the genetic diversity in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng) genetic resources for nutritional traits
Full text linkCurry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng), a widely used spice and medicinal crop, rich in essential oils, bioactive compounds, and nutrients. The present study aimed to evaluate 80 curry leaf germplasm ex situ, to explore genetic variability in mineral nutrient content and their interrelationships. The observed ranges of these nutrients on a dry weight basis were, calcium (0.30–5.97%), phosphorus (0.11–0.77%), potassium (0.09–3.52%), magnesium (0.10–0.78%), sulphur (0.06–0.41%), iron (51.7–439.16 ppm), zinc (4.55–42.60 ppm), boron (26.02–143.38 ppm), copper (2.26–47.41 ppm), and manganese (4.12–92.47 ppm). Correlation analysis revealed a positive association of calcium with manganese, copper, and magnesium. Manganese and copper also exhibited a positive correlation with iron, while, zinc was positively correlated with phosphorus and magnesium. Both phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were high for all traits studied. Furthermore, high heritability, coupled with substantial genetic advance, was observed, indicating the potential for improving these traits through breeding interventions. Principal component analysis demonstrated considerable population divergence in mineral nutrient composition, with calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulphur, and potassium contributing most to the overall variability. Hierarchical cluster analysis further revealed a significant regional pattern in mineral nutrient concentrations. The highest levels of calcium and iron were found in accessions collected from Karnataka, followed by those from Odisha and Himachal Pradesh
Unlocking the potential of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) pot cultivation:A Novel approach for fruit-bearing potted plant production by air layering
Full text linkKiwifruit potting is used extensively in ornamental plantations. However, the procedure of pot cultivation with fruit-bearing via air layering is still not yet developed. In this study, several treatments were used to induce rooting via air layering, including wounding, hormone use, and environmental conditions. The results showed that both wounding operations such as scraping and girdling, were effectively inducible for rooting in kiwifruit. Application of continued 100 mL ½ Murashige & Skoog (MS) + 0.5 mg/L Indole-3-butyric acid solution every 7 days can significantly enhance the rooting rate by up to 83.33% as compared to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which inhibited rooting. Finally, the rooting canes with fruiting were cut and transferred into the pot, the fruit grew well. Taken together, the developed method provides insight into an efficient way to produce kiwifruit potted plants with fruits in four months that are directly available for commercial sale and scientific research
Study of root anatomical modifications among susceptible and drought tolerantgarlic (Allium sativum L.) genotypes by FESEM-EDS
Full text linkAn experiment was conducted to demonstrate the root anatomy under control and drought stress in order to investigate the dynamics of drought among genotypes of garlic (susceptible and resistant genotypes). The resistant genotype of garlic had a more pronounced root epidermal layer arrangement without root collapse than the susceptible genotype. The distribution and content of elements were revealed by the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) spectra of the FESEM. The FESEM-EDS mapping spectra of the resistant genotype micrographs revealed that Cu, Mn, and Zn elements accumulated least during drought stress, while, Cl, Na, Si, Mo, and Ni elements accumulated most. Notably Zn and Co accumulation was observed in the tolerant line that was acquired under drought stress. In contrast, vulnerable genotypes tend to accumulate more Cl and Na than tolerant genotypes do. These results may contribute to a better understanding, characterization, and identification of genotypes resistant to drought stress through FESEM-EDS studies
First record of Archips micaceana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) onpeach, Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch in India
Full text linkOver the last few decades, an expansion in the geographic range along with host range of insect-pests has been observed. In this study, we aimed to report the first record of tortrix, Archips micaceana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on peach from India. The list of possible host crops and its distribution both worldwide and in India has also been discussed. About 30 per cent fruit infestation was observed in peach variety, Shan-e-Punjab during 2012 to 2024. The critical scrutiny of literature revealed that this is the first report of occurrence of A. micaceana on peach in India
Evaluation of antirrhinum genotypes for horticultural and phyto-chemical traits
Full text linkSnapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) is a commercially prized specialty cut flower in the international market. Among the inbred lines created, KTANT-2, KTANT-5, KTANT-6, KTANT-8, and KTANT-11 exhibited suitability for different horticultural traits. Total phenolic content in different genotypes ranged from 4.81 to 8.63 gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g dry weight, while, total flavonoid content varied from 56.32 to 164.18 quercetin equivalents (mg/100 g QE). Antioxidant potential was determined through FRAP, DPPH, and MCA analysis. Additionally, FTIR analysis was conducted to identify the presence of various functional groups and compounds
Determination of lethal dose, effect of EMS and gamma rays on germinationand seedling parameters in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) var. CO (CR) 4: Coriander probit analysis
No full textMutation breeding is a powerful tool to enrich variation particularly for attributes of economic importance in the crops like coriander where hybridization is difficult due to presence of complex umbels. An experiment was conducted to estimate the lethal dose of the chemical mutagen EMS and physical mutagen gamma rays in Coriander var. CO (CR) 4. Gamma dose ranging from 50 to 300 Gy and EMS treatments from 0.2 to 0.5% were tried to determine LD50 value under both laboratory and field conditions. Fifty per cent lethality had been observed at 200 Gy and 0.3% in gamma ray and EMS treatments, respectively, based on probit analysis. The relationship between mutagenic dose and germination percentage was inversely proportional. In M0 generation, under field condition inverse relationship was observed between dose of mutagen. All the mutagens significantly affected the germination and seedling growth. The study revealed that germination percentage, root length, shoot length and vigour index decreased with increase in dose/concentration of the mutagens. Higher gamma rays and EMS doses had negative effect on the morphological characteristics and growth parameters of the seedlings derived from mutagen treated seeds. Lower treatments of these mutagens have influenced less biological damage and would be suitable for inducing desirable mutations in coriander. Therefore, consistent dose of gamma rays and EMS can be tested in other varieties or lines of coriander to generate variability for novel selection