Helsebibliotekets Research Archive
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Skjenking i grenseland. Strategier, tiltak og lovgivning mot økonomisk kriminalitet i skjenkesteder i de nordiske land
No full textNORSK SAMMENDRAG: Rapporten konkluderer med at alle de nordiske land har problemer med restaurantbransjen. Mange tiltak som har vært brukt med hell i disse landene bør vurderes i Norge.\ud
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I 1999 trådte Norges nye regler for serveringsbransjen i kraft. Det nye i lovgivningen er at man nå stiller krav om god vandel på et mer generelt plan enn tidligere for å kunne drive et skjenkested. Hjemmelssituasjonen i Norge er etter denne lovendringen slik at det åpenbart ikke lenger er der skoen trykker for myndighetene. Det neste naturlige skritt for de ansvarlige departementer bør derfor være å se på organiseringen av de aktuelle kontrollmyndigheter, og å evaluere de kontrollmetoder som benyttes
Data driven attempt to create a clinical algorithm for identification of women with rheumatoid arthritis at high risk of osteoporosis.
No full textTo examine relations between osteoporosis and low bone mass and demographic and clinical variables in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in an attempt to develop a data driven clinical tool for identification of patients at high risk of osteoporosis.All patients were recruited from a county based register and were examined cross sectionally with a variety of clinical and health status measures as well as bone density measures (anteroposterior spine L2-4, total hip, and femoral neck). Associations between osteoporosis (T score < or = -2.5SD) and low bone mass (T score < or = -1SD), on the one hand, and demographic and clinical measures, on the other, were examined bivariately and by logistic regression analyses.394 patients with a mean age of 54.8 years were examined. The percentages having osteoporosis/low bone mass were 16.8/45.8, 14.7/54.5 and 14.7/55.5 in spine L2-4, total hip, and femoral neck, respectively. Osteoporosis and low bone mass were bivariately related to age, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, disease process measures, presence of deformed joints, physical disability, current use of corticosteroids, and history of non-vertebral fracture. In multivariate analyses, age >60 years, low BMI, and current use of corticosteroids were consistently related to osteoporosis and to low bone mass at all sites. The presence of deformed joints was associated with osteoporosis at the total hip, and a history of previous non-vertebral fracture with osteoporosis at the femoral neck. The Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ) > or = 1.5 and non-vertebral fracture were also independently associated with low bone mass at the hip. The logistic regression analyses models could, however, only predict osteoporosis with a sensitivity of about 50-60% and a specificity of 80-90% at the various measurement sites, and low bone mass with a sensitivity and specificity of about 70%.Consideration of demographic and disease markers may be of some help in predicting presence of osteoporosis or low bone mass, but a combination of markers cannot be used as a clinical tool with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the identification of osteoporosis or low bone mass in patients with RA
Bone mineral density in systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls.
No full textOBJECTIVES: To examine bone mineral density (BMD) frequency of osteoporosis and reduced bone mass in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and compare the data of the SLE patients with matched rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy controls. Secondly, to study possible correlations between BMD, demographic and disease variables in the SLE patients. METHODS: Measures of BMD assessed by dual energy x ray absorptiometry were obtained from 75 SLE patients aged </= 70 years, 75 RA patients matched for age, sex and disease duration, and from 75 healthy controls matched for age, sex and geographical area. Disease activity and accumulated organ damage were assessed in the SLE patients. RESULTS: The SLE patients had significantly lower BMD values at lumbar spine L2-L4 and hip, and higher frequency of osteoporosis at all sites of measurement compared with matched healthy controls. The matched SLE and RA patients had similar BMD, prevalence of osteoporosis and reduced bone mass. In the SLE patients BMD was more strongly correlated with accumulated organ damage than with markers of disease activity or duration. In multivariate analyses BMD was at all sites predicted by age and body mass, at lumbar spine also by the current corticosteroid dose. CONCLUSION: The study showed reduced BMD in patients with SLE compared with matched healthy controls. Premenopausal women taking corticosteroids were especially affected. Furthermore, the BMD of matched SLE and RA patients was reduced to a similar extent
The course of rheumatoid arthritis and predictors of psychological, physical and radiographic outcome after 5 years of follow-up.
No full text: To examine the course of RA over 5 yr and identify predictors of psychological, physical and radiographic outcome.Out of 238 patients with rheumatoid arthritis of no more than 4 (mean 2.2) yr duration, 182 (76%) completed a clinical examination with follow-up at 1, 2, and 5 yr. The course of the disease was assessed by measures of psychological and physical health status, disease process and radiographic damage.: Over 5 yr we observed at a group level a stable disease course for measures of disease process, psychological and physical health status. Radiographic damage progressed. Health status and radiographic damage after 5 yr were predicted by the baseline measures for the respective outcome. Physical function was also predicted by age and by psychological status when the physical dimension of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales was chosen as outcome variable. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and presence of rheumatoid factor predicted radiographic progression.: The 5 yr course of RA was characterized by preserved health status measures and clinically preserved disease process measures, whereas joint damage progressed steadily. Outcomes after 5 yr can be predicted partly by certain measures at baseline
