International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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In Silico of Subject-Specific Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Finite Element Analysis on Swing and Stance Phases
Full text linkThe clinical condition of joint pain and dysfunction induced by joint degeneration, osteoarthritis, affects more people than any other joint illness. Mechanical stress is a major contributor to the onset of osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is a difficulty of achieving direct quantitative measures of tissue behaviours during different grades of osteoarthritis and currently there is a lack of studies that explore the changes seen in cartilage effected by OA during swing and stance phases. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to look at the role of articular cartilage in the development of OA, as well as to evaluate and simulate the biomechanical behaviour of the knee joint under various boundary conditions by segmented knee joints from computed tomography datasets. Mimics software has been used to obtain the 3D model of the knee bones. In addition, the soft tissues were modelled using 3-matic software. Marc.Mentat software was used to correctly simulate the knee OA behaviour during the stance and swing phases for the nonlinear finite element analysis. During the stance and swing phases, the maximum von Mises stress and displacement on the femur, femoral cartilage, tibia, and tibial cartilage were collected for healthy, grade 1 and grade 2 osteoarthritis. The results reveal that when body weight load increased, so did stresses and displacements in articular cartilage and bones. This suggests that being overweight or obese may increase the risk of joint articular cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis of the knee. In conclusion, based on the finite element analysis, the articular cartilage could be in a trouble if excessive forces are exerted towards it
The Effect of High-Performance Concrete on the Strength and Durability of Double Tee Beams
Full text linkThis paper presented an experimental and analytical investigation of the behavior of a double tee beam under the influence of flexure by using High-performance concrete. double tee beams can play an effective role in the span challenges in structural engineering by making a balance between material strength, geometric design, and load-carrying capacity. Three beams were tested experimentally with f’c equal to 30 MPa for the first beam and 40 MPa for the other two beams by making a model according to the available capabilities and testing it up to failure, the first beam was subjected to normal external conditions, and the other one was subjected to the effect of MgSO4 salt for six months. The result of the test show that high-performance concrete can save the strength of concrete as possible and protect the beam from corrosion. The difference ratio between the two tested beams equals 4.47%. Increasing the amount of compressive strength which is obtained as a result of using High-performance concrete had an effect in reducing the amount of stresses that occurred, thus reducing cracks and controlling their expansion. The beams were analyzed theoretically by using a powerful program (ABAQUS 2019) using the same mechanism of loading, same compressive strength, and material properties. The behavior of the beams is similar to their behavior from the experimental test with a difference ratio equal to (2.67% and 2.89%) for Double Tee Beam with the symbol DTB1 and DTB2, respectively
Multi-Additive Optimization of Fine-grained Soil Using Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis Approach
Full text linkThis article presents a novel integrated statistical approach for the multi-additive optimization of the fine-grained soil specimens reinforced with polymeric fibers. Eggshell powder (3%-9%), polypropylene fiber (0.05%-0.15%) and sodium chloride (2%-6%) were mixed in the silty soil to test the strength and durability characteristics of the stabilized soil for various construction purposes. The soil specimens having different mix proportions, as allotted through L9 (3^3) standard orthogonal array table, were subjected to various laboratory experiments and the obtained responses were further analyzed through Taguchi method integrated with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) approach. This novel hybrid technique was used to integrate the multiple responses into a single response. The results of the study positively affirm the efficacy of the Taguchi-GRA integrated approach in geotechnical engineering
Delphi-AHP Based Methodology for Selecting Causal Factors of Marine Transportation Accidents
Full text linkThe causal factors of marine transportation accident are important to be identified in order to minimize the number of accidents that are reported over the years. The objective of this study is to establish the priorities (importance) of causal factors in causing accidents involving marine transportation that handles hazardous materials (HAZMAT). Two methods were employed, which are the Delphi and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. As part of these methods, ten professionals in marine safety in Malaysia, both from the industries and academia, were selected to weigh their expert judgments on the prioritization of the causal factors based on the safety aspect of the HAZMAT marine transportation operation. From the study, 26 factors were pre-determined as a result of the Delphi method application, which was then further categorized into three main aspects of environment, technical and management. Weightings of each aspect were calculated using the AHP method through Expert Choice 2000 software to determine the pair-wise comparison between evaluated aspects contributing to marine transportation accidents. The integrated Delphi-AHP method as proposed in this study was suitable for retrieving a more efficient decision- making process among the top management in planning a comprehensive safety assessment for maritime shipping industries
Light Intensity Optimization of a Microcontroller-Based Solar Tracking Panel
Full text linkThis paper is on the light intensity optimization of a microcontroller-based solar tracking panel system, addressing the limited efficiency of fixed solar panels in capturing solar energy. This project aims to improve fixed solar panels by using a tracking system that always follows the sun\u27s direction using a microcontroller. An automated tracking system for solar panels usually has two types: single-axis and dual-axis. This project studies the light intensity gained from the solar panel based on the tilt angle of the solar panel according to the sun\u27s movement. The gyroscope is used to gather data on the tilt angle to analyze and compare it to a fixed solar panel at an optimal angle. A DC multimeter measures the voltage and current obtained from the solar panel, and a DC motor moves the panel every 1 hour. At the end of this work, a complete automatic solar tracking system with high efficiency was successfully developed. There is an increase of 9.195% in the efficiency of the power gained by applying the solar tracker system. Therefore, a solar tracker can help improve the efficiency of collecting renewable energy of solar
Risky Driving Behaviours and Their Impact on Road Traffic Accidents: Insights from Commercial Bus Drivers in Nigeria
Full text linkPublic transport safety mainly depends on bus drivers due to their crucial roles. Therefore, understanding commercial bus drivers\u27 driving behaviours can aid in determining areas that need urgent attention. The study examines the influence of their risky driving behaviour on road traffic accidents (RTAs) and the moderating effect of the bus drivers\u27 driving experience and education level. The validity results showed that Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) is reliable and valid for commercial bus drivers. Also, through the structural model assessment of risky driving behaviour, the findings reveal that violations (β = 0.121, p < 0.05) and erors (β = 0.094, p < 0.05) are significant predictors of road traffic accidents among commercial bus drivers, explaining 4% of the variance in accident involvement. In other words, the study revealed a significant influence of driving violations and errors on RTA, while inattention errors were insignificant. The Importance-performance map indicates that serious measures and attention are needed to reduce driving violations. Additionally, driving experience and educational level did not moderate the relationship between risky driving behaviour and RTA. The study offers unique insights by identifying critical driving behaviour that demands strategic intervention from policymakers, driver trainers, and transport employers
Agricultural and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Waste Recycling to Produce High Voltage Insulator for Covered Conductor (CC) Distribution Systems
Full text linkWaste manufacturing represents a crucial technological field that finds a great interest all over the world. Therefore, recycling of agricultural and HDPE waste is carried out to produce high voltage insulator suitable for use in CC based electric distribution systems. The insulator manufacturing processes from the adopted waste are presented. To verify the suitability of the manufactured material to be used in producing high voltage insulator, the properties of the manufactured material are measured. These properties are material permittivity, dielectric loss, resistivity, tensile strength and water absorbance. The measured dielectric properties of the manufactured material are used to simulate an insulator with real dimensions to be compared with another traditional porcelain insulator with the same dimensions. The comparison is carried out from the electric field distribution point of view using finite element (FEM) analysis method. Also, the comparison is experimentally carried out using a real porcelain insulator and a manufactured insulator sample having the same creepage length. The experimental comparison is carried out though leakage current measurements considering wet polluted condition. Finally, the obtained results either theoretical or experimental show the validity of the manufactured insulator to be used efficiently in CC based electric distribution systems
Improving Accuracy Through Preprocessing and Data Augmentation Techniques with a Deep Learning-Based Approach for Arrhythmia Detection
Full text linkArrhythmia detection plays a critical role in the early diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based model for arrhythmia classification using advanced preprocessing and data augmentation techniques. The proposed model is evaluated using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Dataset and PTB Diagnostic ECG Dataset and achieves 98% and 95% accuracy rates, respectively. These results demonstrate the strong ability of the model to classify complex heartbeat patterns, achieving higher accuracy, precision, sensitivity and F1 score compared to existing methods. The model uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture trained on preprocessed ECG signals with data segmented into individual heartbeats. Data augmentation techniques are applied to reduce data imbalances and improve the generalization capability of the model. Experimental results emphasize that the model provides a significant increase in accuracy rates over traditional methods. The findings of this study highlight the potential of deep learning architectures in biomedical signal analysis, especially for real-time arrhythmia detection. This approach offers promising potential for clinical applications by enabling higher diagnostic accuracy and timely intervention in cardiovascular healthcare
Comparison of Landslide Disaster Risk Assessment Standards: A Study of Indonesia’s Ministry of Public Works Regulations and Malaysia’s Slope Assessment System
Full text linkSemarang City is an area prone to landslides, especially areas with hilly morphology. The landslide incident certainly brought losses in both lives and material. Seeing that there are landslides in several areas of Semarang City, an assessment is needed so that landslide disasters can be anticipated. This research is located on the slope of Building E10, Faculty of Engineering, Semarang State University. This research aims to determine the level of risk of vulnerability to landslides using the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2007 and the Slope Assessment Systems Method. The results of the two methods were compared with the finite element method using the Plaxis 8.6 program. The vulnerability level value based on Minister of Public Works Republic of Indonesia Regulation Number 22 of 2007 on slope 1 is 2.44, which is included in the category of a high level of landslide vulnerability, while the value for slope 2 is 2.156, which is included in the moderate level of landslide vulnerability. The assessment results using the Slope Assessment System (Slope Management and Risk Tracking System) method for Slope 1 were 0.957, which was included in the very high level of vulnerability category, while for Slope 2, it was 0.8926, which was included in the very high level of landslide vulnerability category. The results of the finite element method with the Plaxis 8.6 program show that the value of the safety factor on the slope of Building E10, Faculty of Engineering, Semarang State University, is 0.604 and is included in unstable soil conditions
The Water Quality Issue: A Study of Tasik Kemajuan’s Water Quality Status
Full text linkLakes are crucial for irrigation, drinkable water, transportation, and power generation. Tasik Kemajuan, located on UTHM\u27s main campus, is used for kayaking and flood mitigation. However, pollution in the lake, through various contaminants, poses risks to human health and the aquatic environment. This study aims to monitor water quality and determine the Water Quality Index (WQI) of Tasik Kemajuan. Six water parameters were evaluated to calculate the WQI: BOD5, COD, TSS, pH, AN, and DO. These parameters contributed to determining the water quality subindex and, ultimately, the WQI based on the formula used in Malaysia. An average water quality status was determined for each parameter: AN at 0.56 mg/L (Class III), BOD5 at 9.75 mg/L (Class IV), COD at 21.93 mg/L (Class IIB), DO at 4.02 mg/L (Class III), pH at 6.45 (Class II), and TSS at 20.33 mg/L (Class I), with the water temperature recorded at 28.50°C (Class IIB). The findings reveal that the WQI for Tasik Kemajuan is on the upper edge of being polluted, with a score of 74, placing it in the Class III category. According to the NWQS, Tasik Kemajuan fails to meet the standards for recreational activities involving direct contact with water and shows that significant purification efforts are necessary to make the water suitable for such purposes