International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Design and Development of 3-Axis Benchtop CNC Milling Machine for Educational Purpose
Get PDFThe main factor in improving learning skills is providing students with hands-on laboratory experience, and the small-scale machine can accomplish academic programs requiring students to learn machining skills. This paper aims to design and develop a 3-axis CNC milling machine with a PC-based open architecture controller in a vertical position open frame structure. Some technical specifications were randomly selected based on the capabilities of similarly sized machines reviewed in previous work. The designed machine consisted of inexpensive off-the-shelf hardware components capable of machining the sample block with high cutting speed and reasonable precision. The accepted percentage error of circular and straightness test readings is below the set requirements. This machine is not intended for series production and precise machining. It can still effectively replace the high cost of commercial CNC machines and be used in any higher education institution offering technical courses
Green and Safe “By Design”: A Conceptual Tool to Avoid Hazardous Substances in Early Phases of Product Development
Get PDFSustainability has to be managed in order to guarantee health, social equity, resource optimization and economic activities and this awareness is grown considerably. At the same time, this consciousness leads us to consider sustainability also as a social and a business driver on the economic side and a great opportunity by an environmental point of view. Further, according to several regulations, producers are responsible of their devices in terms of environmental pollution, from production and market launch to disposal activities when they become unusable. This fact changes the role of designers, which becomes wider in a multidisciplinary context. For this reason, this paper proposes an approach that supports designers during the development of more sustainable products with the aim to reduce the amount of hazardous substances (according to European RoHS regulations) and it allows firms and academic R&D departments to reduce risks of a missing compliance. The approach is structured according to a flowchart that addresses designers to more suitable product solutions in terms of environmental impact. The methodology applied to the case studies, in fact, show that an early assessment in first design phases allows developers to have safer and more sustainable product prototypes and its application can be proposed also during design courses in an educational context.
Number of Tape Twists Effects on Solar Water Heater Performance
Get PDFIn solar applications, research into appropriate methods to improve the performance of the solar water heater is important. The current work studies improved the performance of the solar water heater by analyzing the effect of the number of added tape twists. A four-pipe solar water heater was built, and four twisted tapes were used, each with a different number of twists (flat, one, three, and five twists), and each tape was inserted into a pipe. The addition of twisted tapes has found that improved the performance of the solar water heater, and this improvement increased with the number of twists. A one, three, and five-twisted tapes achieved a temperature increase of (5.33, 14.09, and 20.27%) respectively, relative to a flat tape, and the instantaneous efficiency of the five twists tape was the highest, where the highest instantaneous efficiency of the four types rates (9.6, 13.4, 13.8, and 15 %) respectively
Malaysian and Libyan Perspectives on Single-Use Plastic\u27s Environmental Impact During the Pandemic COVID-19: A Pilot Study
Get PDFPlastics have become a significant threat to natural ecosystems as well as human health. The use and consumption of plastics improves our quality of life significantly, but it is critical to transition to more sustainable alternatives. Thus, the current study proposes an investigation into the impact of single use plastic products during pandemic on the impact to the environment from the Malaysian and Libyan perspective. A pilot study was conducted to examine the strength of the questionnaire in collecting on the environmental impacts of single use plastic during COVID-19 pandemic distributed across two countries (Libya and Malaysia). SPSS was used to test the questionnaires\u27 strength with 40 participants, 20 in each nation. The reliability test results with Cronbach’s Alpha predicted values of 0.7-0.86 and actual data Alpha values 0.87-0.93, normal test of variance inflation factor ranging between 1 and 5, skewness and kurtosis values of -1.343 to -0.076 and 5.312 to -0.024 respectively confirmed the strength of the questionnaires as benchmarked in the literature. Further, the participants\u27 responses to the quality of the questionnaire in determining the single use plastic impact to environmental have clearly revealed the strength and applicability of this questionnaire for wider data collections
Optimal Energy Scheduling in Smart Buildings with Electric Vehicle and Demand Response
Get PDFIn a number of countries, smart microgrid (SMG) technology is being exploited in the energy system infrastructure along with other generators such as electric and storage systems. In the framework of SMGs, communication links between generation and demand sides have been established to optimise energy consumption by means of economic signals. The framework of energy management for Smart Home appliances is presented in the present paper, taking account of appliance and electric vehicle participation. The approach to the energy schduling at day-ahead is defined as three strategies, such as optimum use of existing appliances, optimal production of electricity resources and optimal discharge and charging for electrical vehicles. Reducing energy generation costs and minimizing emissions of air pollutants are key objectives. Two case studies with the aim of reducing costs and emissions while maximizing system flexibility are taken into account to demonstrate preference and viability of home energy scheduling
Analysis of Automated Emergency Braking System to Investigate Forward Collision Condition Using Scenario-Based Virtual Assessment
Get PDFIn the recent trend of automotive technologies, active safety systems for vehicles have become one of the key elements to reduce road traffic conditions. Automated vehicles are known as one of the active safety systems to minimize road traffic congestion and unwanted road hazardous situations. Generally, automated vehicles are designed using advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) technology to enhance the safety capability of the vehicles. Moreover, automated vehicles are designed to adopt multiple scenarios with different types of traffic situations. Generally, the performance of automated vehicles is evaluated to adapt with various road conditions and different type of traffic conditions, autonomously. Nonetheless, most of the safety testing was conducted in a controlled environment and with less traffic conditions. Moreover, this technology is tested in developed countries and mostly evaluated for highway driving scenarios, with less pedestrians and motorist’s road users. On the other hand, in developing countries such as Malaysia, most of the automotive researchers have initiated research related to automated vehicle based on controlled environment only. One of the primary focuses for the current automotive researchers is to reduce road accidents due to frontal collision. Thus, automated emergency braking systems have been heavily investigated by most developers to minimize road accidents. Most of the researchers analyze the system in terms of theoretical based simulation and tested using actual vehicle for physical testing. However, this type of testing is not sufficient to optimize the performance of automatedemergency braking systems for developing countries. Therefore, this study focuses on scenario-based virtual assessment to evaluate the capability of autonomous vehicles using automated emergency braking system without causing road casualties with the distance range is 4.5m to 0.5m depending on vehicle speed
COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Forecasting in Malaysia Using Linear Regression and Holt\u27s Winter Algorithm
Get PDFThe 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) has emerged and is spreading rapidly over the world. Therefore, it may be highly significant to have the general population tested for COVID-19. There has been a rapid surge in the use of machine learning to combat COVID-19 in the past few years, owing to its ability to scale up quickly, its higher processing power, and the fact that it is more trustworthy than people in certain medical tasks. In this study, we compared between two different models: the Holt’s Winter (HW) model and the Linear Regression (LR) model. To obtain the data set of COVID-19, we accessed the website of the Malaysian Ministry of Health. From January 24th, 2020, through July 31st, 2021, daily confirmed instances were documented and saved in Microsoft Excel. Case forecasts for the next 14 days were generated in the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA), and the accuracy of the forecasting models was measured by means of the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). According to the lowest value of performance indicators, the best model is picked. The results of the comparison demonstrate that Holt\u27s Winter showed better forecasting outcome than the Linear Regression model. The obtained result depicted the forecasted model can be further analyzed for the purpose of COVID-19 preparation and control
Interlocking Bricks: Density and Compressive Strength Reduction Due to Addition of Kaolin Clay and RHA
Get PDFThis study investigates the density and compressive strength of interlocking bricks made of mortar added with kaolin clay as cement replacement and RHA for sand replacement. This research also investigated the chemical composition of kaolin clay and RHA used for the interlocking bricks. The mortar used was designed based on the concrete mix proportion of 1:2:3 but removed the coarse aggregate. The water-to-cement ratio utilized was 0.6. Each design mix comprises a combination of kaolin clay and RHA at 5%, 10% and 15% by the total weight of cement and sand, respectively. This paper demonstrates the chemical elements of the kaolin clay and RHA and reports the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks compared to control samples. The results indicate that the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks decreases as the percentage of kaolin clay and RHA increases. The design mix containing 5% kaolin clay and RHA showed the highest density and compressive strength at 28 days, but the values were smaller than the control mix. In comparison to the control mix, the finding is as follows. At 28 days, the range of density reduction from day 3 for all mixes is between 16 to 25%. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of all mixes decreased by more than 65%, measured in the same duration. The result also showed that silicon dioxide (SiO2) contributes the most significant chemical element in kaolin clay and RHA. Kaolin clay contains almost 65% of SiO2, while RHA holds more than 90% of SiO2
The Impact of Building Information Modelling (BIM) Strategies in Energy Sustainability Elements to Sustainable Campus Using PLS-SEM Approach
Get PDFThis paper establishes a structural relationship between BIM strategies in eleven (11) energy sustainability elements divided into management and technical aspects that impact a sustainable campus. The work established thirteen (13) benchmarks for independent variables and one (1) dependent variable. The exploratory research design used in this study led to the structural model development being the central focus of the study. A judgmental sampling technique was used to distribute a questionnaire survey among local engineers, assistant engineers, and technicians in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The research population survey employed 78 returned questionnaires. The analysis used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses. The result indicate that the management and technical aspects of Energy Sustainability Elements (ESE) have a significant impact on sustainable campus with path coefficients of 2.447 and 5.032, respectively. The findings have revealed that hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2 were all positive and significant at the 0.05 level, indicating that these two hypotheses are valid and supported. This study provides valuable information and insights for Malaysian universities to achieve a sustainable campus by adopting building information modelling (BIM) strategies in the context of energy efficiency
Numerical Study of Ducted Turbines in Shallow Water Environment
Get PDFThe development of tidal turbines, particularly for shallow water applications, is still in its early stages. Vertical axis tidal turbines (VATT) are often preferred for shallow water due to the bidirectional nature of tidal currents. Implementing a channelling system around a tidal turbine can significantly stabilise the flow field, increase the current velocity, and enhance the energy efficiency of the turbine. However, there has been limited exploration of using channelling techniques to improve the performance of VATTs in turbid areas. This study employs a numerical analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate VATTs. The VATT model is represented by a cylindrical object with a diameter and height of 5 meters. The simulation focuses on the wake characteristics and the design of turbine arrays. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are utilised as flow viscous solvers in ANSYS Fluent, and the effectiveness of the ducts in energy conversion is calculated using the realizable two-layer turbulence model. The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of converging devices on tidal turbine performance and propose an optimal design for shallow water applications. The proposed ducted design shows an increase in current speed passing through the device by 11.1%. Although the wake generated by the multi-row staggered array layout disperses the flow to the side of the domain, the model demonstrates a 0.9% improvement in velocity magnitude. Conversely, the results for the single-row inline layout indicate the most favorable arrangement for shallow water applications, with a 19.4% increase in velocity magnitude and a shorter wake generation