International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Explication of Extrinsic Forearm Muscles On the Classification of Thumb Position Using High-Density Surface Electromyogram
Get PDFMuscles for hand functions and movements play a major role in basic daily activities such as writing and lifting objects. The main digit of the finger in differentiating the hand gesture is the thumb and its main muscles are intrinsic muscles. However, for transradial amputees, despite the loss of access to the intrinsic muscles, any information from the extrinsic muscles would be paramount and non-negotiable in creating a perfect hand prosthesis. As such, the research is dedicated to studying the relationship between extrinsic muscles located at the human’s forearm to characterize the actual thumb attitudes. A 64-channel HD-sEMG recording device together with a thumb force measuring platform was utilized to collect the required signals from 17 participants at several thumb angle positions namely zero-degrees, thirty-degree, sixty-degrees, and ninety-degree. For each position, the participants were required to place their thumbs on top of a load cell at relaxing (no force at all) and contact (30% of their individual Maximum Voluntary Contraction or known as MVC) conditions repetitively by following a designated trajectory. Feature extraction was performed by calculating the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of the HD-sEMG data collected from each channel. Six different classifiers have been used to classify the relationship between the forearm HD-sEMG and the corresponding thumb positions. As a result, LazyIBK obtained the highest correctly classified instances with 81.05%. The finding is significant in developing a dedicated control framework for a prosthetic hand for tansradial amputees that can operate as closely as normal
Effect of Static Magnetic and Pulsated Electromagnetic Fields On the Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity of Metal Cutting Fluids
Get PDFIn this paper, authors investigated the difference between the influence of permanent magnetic field and pulsating electromagnetic field on cutting fluids. Two essential physical parameters of the cutting fluids, dynamic and kinematic viscosity coefficients were measured during the experiment in the same laboratory condition. The results obtained from the experiments show that there is a noticeable difference between the impact of permanent magnetic field and pulsating electromagnetic field on cutting fluids. Three different types of fluids studied in the paper and these fluids are the most popular lubricating cooling fluids used in cutting process in manufacturing. All the experiments conducted in the same laboratory condition with the magnetic field strength of 40mT, 60mT and 80mT
A Low-Cost Digital Torquemeter Coordinated by Arduino Board
Get PDFLab based experimental procedure requires standardized instrument for data acquisition and analysis in which is costly. However, self-made and well calibrated instrument is cost effective in contrast to industrial grade scientific instrument. Therefore, a low-cost torquemeter system is developed to investigate the torque generated by wind turbine system. The presented torquemeter system comprises of two subsystems namely photointerrupter (primary) and load cell (secondary). The reliability of the developed system is analyzed by stages in order to verify the effectiveness in acquiring measurement namely RPM, weight (load) and torque. It is found that 5 kg load cell illustrated unsteady noise behavior relative to the defined calibration weight. Meanwhile, the percentage of accuracy (Pa) of final 3th reading is Pa = 94.709 %, 97.32 %, 98.826 % for 10 g, 20 g and 100 g respectively. Measurement acquired from torquemeter system is compared against 2D CFD numerical model under similar flow condition. Results shows that the measurement of torquemeter system is Mt = 0.731842 and as for CFD model is Mt = 0.82553 which results in error (%) of Pe = 11.35 %. However, the CFD numerical model has overpredicted moment value since it has compensated the blockage factor and external environmental factors. It is safe to say, that the presented instrument is applicable and feasible for WT torque acquisition
Identification of Risk Factors for Scoliosis in Elementary School Children Using Machine Learning
Get PDFScoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine and often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. In this study, the risk factors for scoliosis in elementary school children is investigate based on age, backpack weight and gender. There are 260 children participated in this study from aged 7 up to 12 years old. Scoliometer is used to measure the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) on Adam Forward Bending Test. Statistical analysis of analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the characteristic difference of ATR readings on the risk factors for scoliosis. Significant results with P-value less than 0.001 are found among ATR readings on a linear combination of risk factors for scoliosis of age and backpack weight. Then, the risk factors for scoliosis are classified among elementary school children using Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor. The classification results shown that both Decision Tree method produced highest classification percentage up to 98.08%. This finding indicates that age and backpack weight are significant as the risk factors for scoliosis
Permanent Deformation Characteristics of Flexible Pavement Under Palm Oil Freight Truck Loading
Get PDFMost of previous studies employed dynamic stability test and Hamburg wheel tracking test to investigate permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete (AC) layer. However, the permanent deformation performance only focuses on the surface course and neglected the influence of middle layer and base course. The present study investigates the permanent deformation characteristics of four (4) different configurations of flexible pavement and analyzes the contribution of AC surface and AC base course to the total permanent deformation of AC layer as the response to various truck’s speed, hauling loads, and loading cycles. Finite element modeling was performed to evaluate critical locations below the tire tread of single unit two-axles truck with the greatest magnitude of permanent deformation and to determine the optimum configuration of flexible pavement by considering the linear viscoelastic behavior of two types of AC mixtures. It can be concluded that the largest permanent deformation is measured below the right edge of the outer tire. The contribution of AC surface course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s speed is only about 14.81% to 16.39%, while the contribution of AC surface course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s hauling loads as well as the increase in the number of passing trucks is only around 14.76% to 16.44%. On the other hand, the contribution of AC base course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s speed from is reaching 83.61% to 85.19%, while the contribution of AC base course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s hauling loads as well as the increase in the number of passing trucks is achieving 83.56% to 85.24%
Determination of Water Resources in Tube Well Using Hydrofacies for Riverbank Filtration
Get PDFThe reliability of water in riverbank filtration application is hard to be determined since the source of water and what happen at below ground cannot be see. These difficulties give effect for application of riverbank filtration since it is important in determination of its water quality and quantity. Due to that, this method was suggested to be used to determine the source of water in pumping well (PW) at Lubok Buntar, Kedah. The soil and water samples were taken from the PW and river water to determine the soil type and major ion (anion and cations). The results show that most of PW soil type is sandy loam (52%). Based on the piper diagram of the hydrofacies showed that the RW and PW were connected for a certain period of time. The most predominant cation in the PW was Na2+-CI-, consequently, the tube well water mostly came from groundwater rather than from river water. Therefore, this location is suitable for riverbank filtration applications as it has two reliable water sources. Due to that, for riverbank filtration water treatment, the river and groundwater water quality and quantity is important in order to make sure the system is reliable and sustainable
Cutting On Existing Bonded Post-Tensioned Slabs: Safety Precautions, Procedures and Execution
Get PDFPost-formed cut-off or cutting of the post-tensioned slabs is a common practice during post-tensioning work. However, cutting on existing post-tensioned slabs must be done carefully to avoid severe damage to the building. The measurements during the design review are critical in considerations of post-cutting conditions, variations between shop drawings and site, possible grouting failure and excessive deformation. This paper presents a successfully execution of cutting operations on bonded post-tensioned slabs without compromising the structural strength and serviceability. There are procedures and requirements that need to be considered prior to cutting at the design stage, prior to cutting at the site and at slab cutting stage. The safety precautions are necessary for unintentional scenarios that require immediate action. Cutting the slab creates potential hazards. It was found that the grouting material plays an important role not only in solidifying the concrete but also in forming a secondary anchorage mechanism. Therefore, selection of suitable grouting material should be based on the dimension of the locking area. In contrast to unbonded post-tensioned slabs, bonded post-tensioned slabs do not require de-tensioning and re-tensioning
Seismic Effect of the Offshore Structure Under Different Earthquake Loadings
Get PDFPeninsular Malaysia is most affected by the distant Sumatra subduction zone earthquake. Meanwhile, Eastern Malaysia was subjected to major Philippine and Indonesian earthquake. Most of the offshore platform is at Terengganu, Sabah, and Sarawak. More than 65% of the offshore platform structure exceed the range of design between 20-30 years. This research aims to determine the vulnerability and risk analysis for the existing 3-legged offshore platform under earthquake load, study the behaviors of an offshore platform under major or minor earth-quake loading, and study the dynamic characteristic of an offshore platform. SAP 2000 is use to analyses and modelling the 3-legged offshore platform. In SAP 2000, the response spectrum, time history, and free vibration will be performed. The mixed load of the platform consists of dead load, imposed load, environment loads, and earthquake load. The position of the offshore platform has referred to American Petroleum Institute (API) standard. The major earthquake under off-shore platform is El-Centro and the minor is Aceh compared to time history. Based on this study, Malaysia can withstand this low seismic activity, overall joint acceleration, velocity and displacement
Linear and Non-Linear Predictive Models in Predicting Motor Assessment Scale of Stroke Patients Using Non-Motorized Rehabilitation Device
Get PDFVarious predictive models, both linear and non-linear, such as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Partial Least Squares (PLS), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were frequently employed for predicting the clinical scores of stroke patients. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of these predictive models is somewhat impacted by how features are selected from the data to serve as inputs for the model. Hence, it\u27s crucial to explore an ideal feature selection method to attain the most accurate prediction performance. This study primarily aims to evaluate the performance of two non-motorized three-degree-of-freedom devices, namely iRest and ReHAD using MLR, PLS and ANN predictive models and to examine the usefulness of including a hand grip function with the assessment device. The results reveal that ReHAD coupled with non-linear model (i.e. ANN) has a better prediction performance compared to iRest and at once proving that by including the hand grip function into the assessment device may increase the prediction accuracy in predicting Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) score of stroke subjects. Furthermore, these findings imply that there is a substantial association between kinematic variables and MAS scores, and as such the ANN model with a feature selection of twelve kinematic variables can predict stroke patients\u27 MAS scores
Tensile Properties of Luffa Acutangula Reinforced Polymer Composite
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been a growing trend in the popularity of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPC). Numerous researchers have put forward various alternatives to synthetic fibers. Luffa is one of the many natural fibers can be integrated into NFRPCs. Luffa with its unique interconnecting branch (mat/mesh) is suitable for NFRPCs. In this study, luffa reinforced high-density polyethylene (Luffa/HDPE) composite was fabricated using compression molding machine. In the preparation of the fiber, Luffa were cylindrically cut-out and opened into sheets form. The fiber was then laminated with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film using compression molding method. The proposed fabricated composite consisting of a fiber volume fraction (FVF) of 7%, 14%, 21%, 27% and 30%. Tensile properties of the Luffa/HDPE composite were determined. SEM was used to study the interlamination and delamination of the composite. Tensile test shows that the increase of FVF enhanced the tensile strength of Luffa/HDPE composite. Tensile strength has gradually increased from 7 % to 21 % FVF. Though, tensile strength declines after 21% FVF