International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Numerical Analysis on the Performance of Aerodynamic Devices on a Car using CFD
Get PDFCar aerodynamics plays a crucial role in enhancing vehicle performance, efficiency, and stability. This study focuses on evaluating the impact of spoilers and diffusers on drag reduction and downforce generation using ANSYS Fluent CFD software. The k-ε turbulence model is employed for computational efficiency in a steady-state flow simulation for precise mapping of complex geometries. Aerodynamic performance is evaluated at speeds of 70 km/h, 110 km/h, and 150 km/h through aerodynamic forces and flow structure. Results indicate that the diffuser alone achieves the lowest drag coefficient (Cd) of 0.3248, while the spoiler alone yields the highest Cd at 0.4023. The combined use of both devices reduces Cd to 0.3412, a 5.59% improvement over the baseline. Additionally, the combination significantly lowers the lift coefficient (Cl) to -0.3324, enhancing handling and performance. This study concludes that the integrated use of spoilers and diffusers contributes to improved vehicle design for greater efficiency and sustainability
The Knowledge and Use of Speech Therapy Mobile Applications: Speech-Language Pathologists’ Perspectives in Malaysia
Get PDFTechnology incorporation in speech therapy has been growing over the years. Mobile applications are among the adoptions that facilitate delivering speech therapy services. The situation in Malaysia is discouraging because there are not enough speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to serve the growing number of populations. Despite the abundance of available speech therapy mobile applications in the market, there is a lack of information focusing on the SLP’s knowledge and usage perspectives, especially in Malaysia. The objectives of this study are to describe the knowledge and usage perspectives of speech therapy mobile applications among SLPs in Malaysia and to analyze the instructional features and functional features relationships within the perspectives of SLPs. Surveys are established in three parts, with demographic questions in Part A, Likert scale responses for statements in Part B, and open-ended questions in Part C. This study is co-designed to relate to the results from an initial study that adopted PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and features analysis. The data from the initial study includes a review of 161 apps out of 1797 that have been identified. Five instructional features and nine functional features are presented. There are 35 SLPs participating in the survey. Their responses demonstrate evidence of SLPs’ knowledge and usage of speech therapy mobile applications. We will propose a conceptual framework for the features of speech therapy mobile applications, using people with aphasia as a point of reference for users with speech and language disorders
A Smart IoT-Based Prototype System for Rehabilitation Monitoring
Get PDFSmart healthcare is growing significantly in the healthcare sector due to the Internet of Things. A remote monitoring system is one of the smart healthcare implementations for rehabilitating stroke patients. Nowadays, as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, patients undergoing home rehabilitation have difficulty meeting with their physicians due to movement constraints. In addition, the healthcare facilities are devoted to treating patients with COVID-19. As a result, physicians and patients could not frequently meet to gather their rehabilitation progress. This study involves developing a prototype to monitor a post-stroke patient\u27s rehabilitation process using the Arduino Nano 33 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and force-sensing resistor (FSR). The prototype analyzes critical aspects of the rehabilitation process based on handgrip, heart rate, sleep, and step tracking measurements. The results of the handgrip, heart rate, sleep, and step tracking measurements are evaluated for various types of subjects and six testing approaches showed an accurate and consistent results. However, experiments partially success with a small error is detected while tracking the steps of each subject. Several recommendations are highlighted to improve the prototype using other sensors such as force sensing resistor and flex sensor for handgrip force transducer, electromyogram (EMG) sensor for stroke-patients rehabilitation, and others
Comparison of Modal Parameters of a Square Steel Plate Using Finite Element Method and Operational Modal Analysis
Get PDFIn engineering domains, modal analysis is a field that is studied extensively with the goal of better characterising components or structures. The modal analysis produces modal parameters, which are essential properties of a system that can be employed for damage identification, vibration analysis, and structural health monitoring. Plated element’s relevance in various applications makes it an intriguing vibration study subject. In this research, modal analysis was performed on a square steel plate in free ends condition. This work aimed to provide a complete anatomical description of this complex boundary condition and its implications on modal parameters. Before comparing modal parameters with experimental data, a primary modal analysis was performed using finite element (FE) method. Then experimental analysis was conducted under the operational modal analysis setup (OMA). As the results, six natural frequencies are retrieved and compared amongst the two methods, recording the maximum of 6% percentage difference from the readings. This implied a close values estimated between the methods used. For mode shapes, nine modes are identified from FE method and discussed according to established free plate vibration studies, while three similarly identified modes successfully recognized by using OMA
Application of Foamed Concrete and Cold-Formed Steel Decking as Lightweight Composite Slabs: Experimental Study On Structural Behaviour
Get PDFFoamed concrete composite slabs (FCCS) are currently enjoying great popularity in the construction industry. Unlike conventional composite slabs, FCCS has an advantage in solving the selfweight penalty. With the advanced research in concrete technology, foamed concrete with sufficient strength properties to meet the requirements of standard code of practise has been successfully introduced. Foamed concrete is known for its lightweight and versatility. This paper presents an experimental study on ultimate load, maximum deflection and failure mode of FCCS. Of interest are the effects of dry density and slab thickness. The slab specimens with a span of 1800 mm, a width of 840 mm and different thicknesses from 100 mm to 150 mm were prepared for the three-point bending test. The dry density of foamed concrete is 1400 kg/m3, 1600 kg/m3, and 1800 kg/m3, which has a compressive strength of about 20 MPa to 40 MPa. Dry density and slab thickness have been observed to have significant effects on ultimate load and maximum deflection. Higher dry density of foamed concrete provides better slip resistance and thus reduces shear bond failure. On the other hand, slab specimens with a higher slab thickness tend to have better bearing capacity due to greater bending stiffness. The main failure mode is dominated by localised bending on the profiled steel deck, slip-displacement and fracture of the foamed concrete
A Literature Review On the Use of Bamboo as A Truss Member and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer as A Truss Jointing Material
Get PDFA truss is a structure that has a rigid configuration formed by an assembly of straight members connected by pins. Many roofing systems use trusses, but the wide variety of truss configurations in architecture is an advantage to creating vast arrays of aesthetics in buildings. Steel, mainly plain carbon steel designated A36, is the most used material for truss members and joint connectors. However, these members are both heavy and non-sustainable, so several kinds of literature recommend studying the potential of using lightweight and sustainable alternatives. This review focuses on using bamboo in truss and the potential of fiber-reinforced composite as a truss joint connector. Bamboo culms and glued-laminated bamboo (glubam) are the two types of bamboo commonly used in truss fabrication based on the review. Bamboo culms from Dendrocalamus asper exhibit a tensile strength of 340 MPa, while the glubam made of Yushania alpina has 364 MPa. Other mechanical properties of bamboo necessary for the truss analysis are not yet clearly defined, although studies used ASTM D143-09 to determine several mechanical properties of bamboo or glubam. Fiber-reinforced composite can exhibit an enormous array of varieties and still demonstrate a strength close to or even higher than steel. It is lightweight and can reach a tensile strength of 700 MPa. The researcher recommends synthesizing bamboo or glubam as truss members and fiber-reinforced composite as truss joint connectors
Effect of Frequency on Heat Spread by Interstitial Hypertemia Treatment Method for The Treatment of Sarcoma Tumors
Get PDFFrequency is a thing to calculate a wave. In biomedical science, frequency plays an important role in delivering heat as in bioheat transfer. In bioheat transfer studies, heat transfer in the human body can be used as one way of treatment such as therapy. At high temperatures that are usually above 40oC, the cell will die and cannot develop again this is called hyperthemia therapy. This therapy is commonly used in medicine with the function to kill tumor cells. There are 3 differences in hyperthemia therapy there are external, cavity and intersitital and interstitial hyperthermia therapy has better healing ability because heat is directly delivered to the tumor tissue to minimize tissue that no tumor is exposed to therapeutic temperature (40-46 oC). Then the author will conduct a study with an analysis of heat transfer carried out on five layers of the human body, namely the epidermis, dermis, fat, muscle, and bones by applying the interstitial method of hyperthermia therapy and influenced by frequencies with a value of 434; 915; 2450 MHz completed using finite element method with unsteady state conditions in two axial dimensions. This study showed that frequency affects the value of temperature distribution in the five layers of the body. The greater the frequency value given, the more easily distributed the temperature will be because the frequency will provide greater electromagnetic waves if the frequency is increased
Statistical Analysis of Accident Patterns and The Causes at A State Road in Perlis
Get PDFData from the World Health Organization have stated that each year, approximately 1.3 million road users are at high risk of a road traffic accident. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the accident patterns and causes at a state road of Kangar to Alor Setar. The methods used to evaluate the accident patterns are the chi-squared test (CST) and level of service (LOS) survey. The Pearson CST shows that the significant factors for accidents are the age of the drivers, in which people below 30 years old are likely to be involved in accidents (? = 0.037), and type of vehicles used, in which motorcycles are more prone to be involved in accidents (? = 0.000). However, gender shows an equal risk for accident involvement (? = 0.911). The LOS E is observed on evenings of Monday and Friday, indicating the unstable flows of traffic during those periods. Partial least squares structural equation modelling is used to evaluate the causes of accidents from the road user’s perspective via a questionnaire. Before distribution, the questionnaire underwent a pilot study to ensure its validity and reliability. Four hypotheses were developed with the following independent variables: human factors, vehicle factors, environment factors and road condition factors. Results show that the majority of the road users (33.3%) travelled 1 to 3 times per week and 23.1% of them were involved in accidents while travelling on this road. The validity test via the structural model shows that the most significant factors affecting the relationships to the accidents are the road factors (t = 6.166, p = 0.000), the vehicle factors (t = 4.3399, p = 0.000) and the human factors (t = 2.893, p = 0.005). Thus, the factors are significant to the causes of accidents on this road. Countermeasures that emphasise these factors are very important to be considered by authorities to reduce accidents on this road
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Morphing Trailing Edge Wings in The Application of MAV
Get PDFThe primary focus of this study is on the aerodynamic performance of a NACA 23012 airfoil coupled with various surfaces in numerical and experimental studies of morphing wings motivated by biomimicry. The evaluation of airfoils with various trailing edge morphologies in pressure distribution, lift and drag forces. The experimental work was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel at different angles of attack ranging from 00 to 160 at low Reynolds number (Re)=34000, 68000 and 98600 respectively. Additionally, the MTE position was tested at 25% chord length from the trailing edge with varying MTE deflection ranging from 50, 70, and 100. Measures of aerodynamics that have been thoroughly researched, such as pressure distribution, velocity profiles, and lift and drag forces. The findings demonstrate how strongly the morphing trailing edge profiles influence the aerodynamic forces. It was found that as MTE deflection increases, high lift coefficient values are produced compared to conventional airfoils, boosting the aerodynamic efficiency of the micro aerial vehicle. And this study suggests that it is necessary to postpone the flow separation to attain the best aerodynamic performance, but micro aerial vehicles can only consider small deflections when flying
Thermal Performance Evaluation of a Small-Scale Drying Machine for Palm Oil Mill Sludge
Get PDFMalaysia is one of the major contributors of palm oil production globally with large amount of palm oil production. This has significantly contributed to large amount of palm oil mill effluent that eventually affect the environment. A small-scale drying machine for palm oil mill is evaluated on its thermal performance to assess the suitability of the machine to produce organic fertilizer from the palm oil mill sludge. Evaluation was performed with computational fluid dynamics simulation and experiment on design configuration options of the drying machine. The effect of air flow to the thermal performance was also studied in conjunction with the design configurations of the drying machine. The results showed promising potential of a design configuration over another in term of thermal performance and functionality