International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Revolutionizing Agriculture with Deep Learning Current Trends and Future Directions
Get PDFDeep learning creates new opportunities for information study in the diverse field of agricultural technology. A total of 61 publications and initiatives using deep learning to address issues in agriculture are reviewed in this study. The agricultural issues under investigation, the frameworks and models employed, the data source, pre-processed data, and total output depending on the metrics employed at each work site are examined. To ascertain potential disparities in classification or regression outcomes, a comparison is conducted between deep learning and other widely utilized methods. The findings demonstrate that deep learning can produce results with excellent accuracy compared to several other popular image processing techniques.
Safety Helmet Fit Assessment Using 3D Scanning and Helmet Fit Index (HFI)
Get PDFSafety helmets, essential in industries like construction, mining, and sports activities, are designed to protect the head from impact and penetration injuries. However, the effectiveness of these helmets is often compromised by issues of poor fit, discomfort, and non-compliance with safety protocols. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the fit of safety helmets using the Helmet Fit Index (HFI) and 3D scanning. A sample group of 100 male participants aged between 20 and 50 is involved in this study. The methodology includes 3D scanning of participants’ heads with and without safety helmets, followed by post-processing. The HFI for safety helmets is typically expressed as a percentage which this index assigns a score ranging from 0 (indicating a very poor fit) to 100 (representing an ideal fit), indicating the proportion of users for whom the helmet adequately fits. The HFI results indicate a poor fit of safety helmet among the selected participants. The average HFI score of 18.62 observed across 100 participants, with scores varying between 7.94 and 47.79. The significant gap at the top for vertical clearance led to high measurements of Gap Uniformity (GU) and the Standoff Distance (SOD), reflecting inconsistencies in the fit. These high values contributed to a lower HFI score, indicating that the helmets were less secure and uncomfortable. Consequently, the helmets\u27 overall performance and safety effectiveness were compromised, underscoring the need for proper internal cushioning and minimal gaps to ensure optimal protection and fit
Mechanical Uniaxial Tensile Performance of Hybrid Glass/Carbon Woven Composites
Get PDFCarbon fibres are widely recognized for their remarkable strength-to-weight ratio, but their high cost and limited lifespan have prompted researchers to explore alternative materials. One promising solution is the use of hybrid composites, which combine carbon fibres with other fibre types, to maintain mechanical strength at optimal levels while reducing costs. A scientific study was conducted to investigate the impact of stacking configuration on hybrid glass/carbon woven composites. The study established eight stacking configurations based on the incorporation of identical and non-identical weave structures at the outermost layers. The hybrid glass/carbon woven composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up approach, with epoxy resin used as the polymer matrix. The results of the study showed that the hybrid B configuration yielded the highest tensile strength at 322.75 MPa, while the hybrid F sequence generated the lowest tensile strength at 169.00 MPa. The findings from this study indicated that the incorporation of weave structures with longer yarn floats in a non-identical arrangement at the outermost layer resulted in improved uniaxial tensile strength performance
Effect of nano α-MnO2 addition on thermal decomposition and compressive properties of epoxy
Get PDFThe ability of a nanocomposite material to withstand high temperatures and maintain strength is crucial for the design of products and processes. This research examined the thermal decomposition and compressive properties of α-MnO2/epoxy polymer nanocomposites. The samples were created using a simple, inexpensive solution technique. The scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated the formation of α-MnO2 nanosheets. The thermal analysis revealed that the addition of α-MnO2 increased the glass transition temperature of the epoxy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the residue was left at 550°C for a sample of pure epoxy with a loading of 0.1 wt.%. 0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, and 0.5 wt.% of α-MnO2 were 9.55%, 11.05%, 16.78%, 17.37%, and 21.20%, respectively. As a result, the nanocomposites were more thermally stable than pure epoxy. The compressive characteristics were tested using a universal testing machine. Compression test results showed that the addition of α-MnO2 decreased the compressive properties of the epoxy matrix. However, the brittleness of nanocomposites increased. Images captured at the microscopic level showed that the sample cracked and fractured during testing. The reduced compressive property values were associated with reduced α-MnO2 dispersion in the epoxy, the shape of α-MnO2 nanosheets, and the generation of air voids during the synthesis process. As a result, the α-MnO2 nanosheets reduce the compressive properties of the nanocomposites by acting as stress enhancers. The nanocomposite can be used as a thermal heat-resistant material.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Off-Grid PV Solar System for Residential Building Load: A Case Study in Baidoa, Somalia
Get PDFThe demand for energy is increasing day by day globally. To overcome the problem of energy scarcity, solar energy promises to be one of the best solutions without a significant increase in the carbon footprint of the atmosphere. Currently, most Somalis do not have access to a regular source of power. The country does not have a national grid, relying on outdated, costly and inefficient diesel generators. The energy consumption in Somalia is dependent on firewood and charcoal, dependencies that rely on deforestation and desertification, which negatively influence the agricultural sector and also the environment. In this work, the potential of solar power in Somalia is assessed while estimating the cost of solar panels per household. The aim of this study is to assess the cost, ecological and economic efficiency of the off-grid PV home system in residential buildings in Baidoa, Somalia. A stand-alone solar home system of 1.98kW PV capacity with battery backup is designed by using HOMER software. The daily primary load considered is 7.530 kWh, with a peak of the nominal power of 1.60 kW. The results show that renewable energy sources can replace conventional energy sources and that they would be a viable solution for generating electrical energy in residential houses in Baidoa with a reasonable investment. It was also found that the amount of power produced by solar panels is 7,400kWh/year. With an initial investment of 0.483, the payback period of initial investment is 2 years and 8 months period, and the net present cost (NPC) of the project is $18,684
Multi-Objectives Optimization of Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AJWM) on Mild Steel
Get PDFAbrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is an advanced machining technology that is commonly used to machine hard materials that are difficult to machine using traditional methods. AWJM with a narrow stream of high-velocity water and abrasive particles offers a low-cost and environmentally friendly machining approach with a high rate of material removal. Some issues that were usually highlighted while cutting the metal are poor appearance cutting due to visible stream lagging particularly when working at high-speed cutting. This can lead to decreased accuracy and precision in the cutting process. Past literature is mostly focused on improving the machining performances through intensive experimental works, thereby not many studies are concerned on process optimization through design of experiment approach. In this regard, this study aims to statically analyze how the controlled machining factors; transverse speed and cutting geometry influence surface roughness, and dimensional accuracy of a mild steel plate under the AWJC process. A two level Full Factorial method was applied to design the experiment that entailed 6 sets of parameters. Through the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on the experimental results, it was found that the dimensional accuracy is significantly influenced by the changes of cutting geometry. The factor also interacts with transverse speed to affect surface roughness. For optimization, the ANOVA suggest a transverse speed of 40% as the optimum value to produce a surface at 2.85 µm of roughness and a dimension accuracy of 0.177% for the circular geometry-controlled factor.
Enhancement of Wear Resistance by β-Precipitates Formation on A7075/WC/ZrSiO4 Surface Composites Fabricated Through FSP
Get PDFWC and ZrSiO4 nanoparticle-reinforced A7075 surface composites were fabricated using friction stir processing technique with 2, 4, and 6 passes. The microstructural analysis was performed by SEM, EDS, and XRD, which shows the better homogenous distribution of reinforcements into the A7075 surface matrix. The micro-hardness, tensile strength, and fatigue life were enhanced 60Hv, 167MPa, and 130000 cycles at 6 passes due to equally distributed formed ?-precipitates over the surface. Similarly, the surface wear resistance also increases with increasing the processing passes. The improved processed surface properties were highly useful in the marine and aerospace industries
Comparative Analysis of Welding Processes Using Different Thermoplastics
Get PDFThis study examined and contrasted three widely utilized welding techniques for modern thermoplastics: hot gas welding, laser beam welding, and friction stir welding. These techniques were employed to join various thermoplastic materials, particularly focusing on polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride. The weld quality was evaluated using visual inspections and tensile strength tests. Additionally, Vickers hardness tests were performed on the welded joints to detect microstructural alterations. The research aimed to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms behind these welding processes and assess the welded joints\u27 strength
A Framework That Shows the Process to Help Customers Understand the Value at Each Stage of Product Development
Get PDFNew products for new markets must meet market requirements. However, in the early stage of the new product development, the market requirements cannot be accurately understood. Therefore, we believe that finding the good customers, educating them, and helping them understand the value at each stage of product development is essential. We show a framework in which the process of searching for good customers and helping the customers understand the value at each development stage of the new product for the new market. Furthermore, we discuss whether this framework can be effective in the development of new products for new market
Investigation the Impact of the Climate Change on Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) Curve Development: Case Study at Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia
Get PDFThe intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves are the most common form of design rainfall data used for peak discharge estimation. Thus, the IDF curve needs to be improved with the expectation that rainfall intensity and frequency have increased as a result of climate change. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of IDF curves considering the climate change impacts on Hulu Terengganu. The climate projection from MRI-ESM2-0, CMCC-CM2-SR5, and GFDL-ESM4 under 3 different scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) were used to provide the climate changes pattern in the future year (∆2050). In order to downscale the climate projection, the statistical downscaling method (SD-LS) was employed to correct the biases of these three GCMs. The IDF curves for the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 year were then developed based on the maximum rainfall intensity that were projected by the SD-LS model. The results clearly indicated that there are possibilities for increasing patterns in the projected annual and monthly rainfall for both time periods compared to historical data. Thus, the future extreme rainfall events for various durations with different return periods are all likely to increase over time. The largest potential increase is predicted at Sg. Gawi (+2.0% to +86.0%) based on the different return periods and rainfall durations. It could change the pattern of IDF curve that been developed based on projected rainfall by various SSPs. The developed IDF curves shows higher rainfall intensities in a shorter duration under the same return periods. Therefore, comprehensive action must be taken immediately to regulate and manage the effects of climate change