International Journal of Integrated Engineering
Not a member yet
2309 research outputs found
Sort by
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in NDUM Campus, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Get PDFLandslides are among the most destructive natural disasters, frequently resulting in significant loss of life as well as property each year, particularly in regions with high elevations and steep slopes. With an advanced technological approach, the integration of geographic information system (GIS) as well as remote sensing has been extensively utilised to identify areas susceptible to landslides, providing crucial insights for disaster preparedness and mitigation. This study aims to create a landslide susceptibility map (LSM) for the National Defence University of Malaysia (NDUM) campus. This study adopted the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) modelled in ArcGIS 10.8 software to integrate five major landslide-induced parameters: slope angle, elevation, drainage density, soil type, and lithology. The slope angle and elevation thematic maps were obtained from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Lithology and drainage density data were sourced from Malaysia\u27s Department of Mineral and Geoscience (JMG) as well as the Department of Survey and Mapping, Malaysia (JUPEM). The local soil type was obtained from the NDUM site investigation report. The resulting LSM was classified into five levels of risk zones, with 0.1%, 29.1%, 2.3%, 2.8%, and 65.7% falling under very low risk, low risk, moderate risk, high risk, as well as very high risk, respectively. The LSM was verified with a previously failed slope on the NDUM campus, showcasing good agreement for both methods. The accuracy of the landslide hazard zonation map may be enhanced by integrating additional factors, for instance, land cover, land use, rainfall, as well as other relevant elements
Monitoring Water Quality Parameters in Shrimp Aquaculture
Get PDFIn shrimp aquaculture, maintaining optimal water quality is essential for ensuring the health and growth of shrimp. This study focuses on the real-time monitoring of water quality parameters, using a multi-sensor system that measures temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. With the use of a solar panel for electricity, the multi-sensor system is capable in monitoring the water quality of a shrimp pond over two consecutive days. Based on the measurement data, the measured range is 6.5 – 9.0 for pH, 19 – 31.5°C for temperature, 9.0 – 25.0 ppt for salinity and 2.0 – 12.0 NTU for turbidity. The range of these parameters is ideal for shrimp aquaculture. Nevertheless, the TDS and DO do not meet the ideal range. TDS should be less than 1500 ppm, with a measured range of 1800 to 3400 ppm. Feed inputs and the buildup of metabolic waste may be the cause of this high TDS value. In the meantime, DO measures in the range of 2.5 to 22.0 ppm, with the lowest DO occurring late at night and falling below the DO limit of 5 ppm. By using mechanical aeration late at night to raise the DO level, this DO shortage can be resolved. The findings demonstrate that in order to guarantee accurate control of crucial parameters, ongoing real-time monitoring of sensor technology is required. Shrimp aquaculture may become much more sustainable and efficient by implementing automated systems for water quality regulation, which also lowers the risks related to environmental variations
Wavelength Optimisation in a Spectroscopy System for Wide-Range Uric Acid Detection
Get PDFThis study demonstrates a wide linearity range for uric acid sensing in the visible and near-infrared spectrum using direct spectroscopy detection, eliminating the need for enzymes or reagents. The system was experimentally tested across a uric acid concentration range of 10 to 200 mg/dL, exhibiting excellent performance in linearity, sensitivity, and accuracy, with optimal results observed at a wavelength of 950 nm. At this wavelength, the sensor achieved a linearity of 0.9694, sensitivity of 0.0034 (mg/dL)⁻¹, and accuracy of 97.42%. Compared to the previous developments, this work validates the improved linearity range performance and offers rapid response times due to its reagent-free design. The proposed sensor shows strong potential for efficient real-time monitoring of uric acid over a wide concentration range
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Impact of Air Gaps Between Layers on the Ballistic Performance of Steel-Rubber Laminated Composites
Get PDFLaminated steel–rubber composites are widely recognized for their capability to absorb and dissipate impact energy, making them promising candidates for ballistic protection. Despite their potential, the specific role of internal air gaps in influencing ballistic resistance has not been thoroughly explored. This research focuses on assessing how different air gap configurations affect the protective performance of these layered composites. A series of ballistic tests were carried out using 9 mm caliber hemispherical projectiles, supported by finite element simulations to replicate and validate the observed behaviors. Tests were conducted on specimens with varying air gaps between layers, including a configuration without any gap. The lowest penetration depth was observed in the specimen with no air gap, registering 6.502 mm in the experimental data and 6.885 mm in the simulation. Conversely, the highest penetration was recorded in the 3 mm air gap setup, reaching 10.357 mm and 10.092 mm for experimental and simulation results, respectively. Interestingly, the 2 mm air gap condition exhibited a notable rise in projectile kinetic energy, peaking at 547.6 J at 9.175 × 10⁻⁵ seconds, which then stabilized. These findings indicate that although greater air gaps allow deeper projectile intrusion, they effectively prevent back plate damage by concentrating stress absorption on the front layers. Overall, the study demonstrates that air gap design plays a critical role in controlling energy distribution and enhancing the impact resistance of steel–rubber composites
Urban Flash Floods: Global Strategies for Effective Mitigation
Get PDFFlash flooding presents substantial risks to urban environments, carrying great financial, social, and environmental costs. Flash floods are difficult to manage and, therefore, require a comprehensive understanding of the underlying factors contributing to their occurrence and effective mitigation strategies. This research aims to develop a framework of requirements to efficiently mitigate urban flash floods by considering various aspects involved in a multi-disciplinary approach. This paper summarises previous research in flash floods, urban planning, and flood mitigation based on intensive studies. Moreover, to collect empirical data, a case study review has been conducted involving big cities within Malaysia and neighbouring countries. This research approach uses qualitative analysis to provide a better understanding of the intricate relationship between flash floods and their mitigation options. The findings of this research highlight the critical factors influencing the effectiveness of flood mitigation efforts in urban areas during flash flood events. This involves modifying urban infrastructure design, land-use planning, early warning systems, community preparedness, and policy frameworks. This study can have significant implications for urban planners, disaster management authorities, and the local communities involved in reducing the susceptibility to flash floods. The outcomes of this study provide a generic understanding for stakeholders involved in identifying and developing proactive measures that limit the impact of flash floods on urban environments. Ultimately, this research contributes significantly to the body of knowledge on urban flash flood mitigation and provides an integrated view across technology, policy, community engagement, and practice in influencing resilient communities for sustainable development in flood-prone areas
Impact of Advanced Radar Technology on Traffic Volume and Speed Analysis in Urban Expressways at Klang Valley
Get PDFTraffic congestion on urban expressways significantly affects individual productivity by impacting drivers\u27 time on the road. Traffic performance, especially during peak hours, is influenced by the simultaneous presence of different vehicle classes. While research on the relationship between traffic volume and speed in congested areas is well-established, contemporary methods and advanced radar technologies like Speedlane Pro™ Counter Classifier offer new insights. This advanced radar technology provides multiple options for gathering accurate traffic data, including traffic volume and vehicle speed, which are crucial for reliable studies. This research focuses on the Klang Valley Expressway in Malaysia, aiming to enhance the understanding of traffic congestion and its correlation with vehicle speed and volume. By calculating the Level of Service (LOS) and examining these parameters, the study aims to provide valuable insights for traffic management and planning. The findings will benefit communities concerned with traffic congestion, offering a basis for improving expressway efficiency and reducing the negative impacts of traffic delays
Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Diatomite as a Catalyst
Get PDFBiodiesel production from waste cooking oil via the transesterification process is one of the sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. This study explores single use of diatomite as an alternative catalyst for biodiesel production that can significantly benefit the green energy industry. The experiment manipulated the methanol-to-oil ratio and catalyst dosage required by transesterification of fresh and waste cooking oil to maximize biodiesel yield. The use of diatomite in the transesterification of waste cooking oil produced a biodiesel yield of 90.49%, which was closely comparable to the 93.28% yield obtained from fresh cooking oil. The optimal condition was achieved with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil and 1.0 wt% diatomite. FTIR analysis of biodiesel sample from fresh and waste cooking oil produce new peaks at 1435 cm⁻¹ attributed to methyl bending vibration that occurs in alkanes which reflects characteristic of the biodiesel composition. In addition, presence of methyl ester was confirmed at 1196 cm⁻¹ which verified succesful of transesterification process. Diatomite\u27s reusability was efficient, achieving up to 70% conversion after three cycles, showing its potential to reduce biodiesel production costs. This study demonstrated that diatomite was an effective catalyst for the transesterification process, contributing to the advancement of sustainable biodiesel energy
Raw Hard Clam as Adsorbent to Remove Phosphate in Water: Removal Prediction, Kinetic and Isotherm Model Study
Get PDFPhosphorus pollution from various sources like agriculture, untreated industry, and domestic wastewater is a significant cause of water contamination. It can trigger eutrophication, marked by an excessive supply of nutrients that fuel the rapid growth of algae and aquatic plants. This, in turn, can lead to harmful algal blooms, severely reducing oxygen levels in the water and affecting marine life, including fish and other creatures suffering from the lack of oxygen. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how effectively raw hard clam shells remove phosphate from synthetic wastewater through batch experimental testing. Batch experiments were conducted using raw hard clam shells (particle sizes 1.18 to 2.36 mm) mixed in an orbital shaker at 170 rpm using potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 100 mL at a particular time, until an equilibrium state. The batch experiment data evaluating phosphate removal from raw hard clam shells had the highest removal effectiveness of 99.6%. The kinetic study proves that the predominant adsorption mechanism between the adsorbent and adsorbate involves chemisorption, where electron sharing occurs, forming chemical bonds. The adsorption isotherm data showed suitability for the Langmuir model, indicating that adsorption happens at particular binding sites in monolayer adsorption on the adsorbent surface. Additionally, the data can be used to understand the prediction contour of mass of adsorbent required and removal efficiency under various beginning concentrations from research using batch experiments. The significant potential of this study is that the Raw Hard Clam Shells adsorbent is a sustainable and eco-friendly material for tackling phosphate pollution in future wastewater treatment
Technical Specification of Extension-Connection for Axial Tension C-Section Cold-Formed Steel (CFS)
Get PDFCold-Formed Steel (CFS) structures are increasingly used in construction due to their light weight, cost-effectiveness, and ease of fabrication. However, limitations in design standards for CFS connections hinder further structural optimization. This study examines the tensile performance of four C-section connection types Face-to-Face Web (FTF-W), Face-to-Face Flange (FTF-F), Back-to-Back (BTB), and Sleeve Flange (SF) subjected to axial tension. A total of 48 samples were tested using two CFS thicknesses (0.75mm and 1.00mm) and two screw configurations (2 and 4 number of screws), in accordance with AISI S100 (2016) and ASTM E8 (2022). Analytical resistances were calculated based on Eurocode 3 (2006), covering net tension, bearing, and shear. BTB connections consistently demonstrated the best performance, with experimental-to-design resistance ratios exceeding 1.0 across most failure modes. At 0.75mm thickness with four screws, BTB\u27s bearing resistance exceeded design estimates by over 135%. In contrast, FTF-W showed the weakest performance, with a net tension ratio as low as 0.12 approximately 87% lower than BTB due to eccentric loading and poor screw engagement. Increasing material thickness improved net tension ratios by 20–50% in stronger configurations (BTB, FTF-F, SF), while adding more screws enhanced tensile strength but often reduced shear resistance by 20–25% due to over-constraint. Failure modes included bearing deformation, screw tilting, and snapping, each influenced by geometry and fastener configuration. The findings highlight BTB’s structural reliability and emphasize the need for improved design in FTF-W connections
Performance Evaluation of Bioretention Systems in Selected Residential Area
Get PDFManaging stormwater runoff in urban areas is increasingly challenging, leading to strain on drainage systems, flooding, and environmental degradation. This research examines the effectiveness of bioretention systems in mitigating stormwater runoff in the residential area of Eco Majestic, Semenyih. The EPA SWMM 5.1 model was used to simulate stormwater scenarios both with and without bioretention systems to assess their impact. The findings show that bioretention systems reduce runoff volume by 92.63%, which significantly lowers surface runoff and lowers the risk of floods, while also increasing infiltration rates to ease the strain on conventional drainage infrastructure. Furthermore, a cost-benefit analysis indicates savings from reduced flood damage and other environmental benefits, proving the systems\u27 economic viability. Beyond its effects on hydrology, bioretention systems improve community well-being, biodiversity and urban aesthetics, all of which support sustainable urban development. This study emphasizes the significance to incorporate bioretention systems into urban development to manage stormwater issues and build environmental resilience. Future research should study field monitoring, long term performance in variety of climates and wider ecological and socioeconomic benefits to enhance the use of bioretention systems in urban areas