International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Effect of the Number of Blades and Variations in Position of Straight Blades on Vortex Turbine Efficiency
Full text linkThe need for electrical energy continues to increase every year so that alternative renewable energy sources are needed. One potential renewable energy is water energy by utilizing flat river flow or very low head. Vortex turbines can be applied at very low head. This research was conducted to identify the features of the most efficient vortex turbine. From the literature review, it is known that there has been no research on the effect of the number of straight vortex turbine blades in relation to their placement in the basin hole.The research methodology was laboratory testing using five different straight blades. The runner is made of PVC material with the number of blades 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8. Tests were carried out with three variations in the position of the blades, namely the blades above the outlet hole, half submerged, and completely submerged. The water discharge used is 0.003 m3/s. Based on the test, it is known that the maximum efficiency is 33.93%, which is when the blade with a total of three blades is positioned half submerged in the outlet hole. Validation was conducted using CFD ANSYS CFX simulation where the results were relatively similar to the test. The case was simulated with a multiphase free surface model of water and air with a stationary domain on the basin and a rotating domain on the runner. The potential implication of this study is that by using a simple blade model, namely a straight model, satisfactory results can be obtained when the blade is placed correctly on the vortex turbine basin
Effect of Calcination on The Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Black Tilapia Fish Scale
Full text linkHydroxyapatite, HAp is extensively used for orthopaedic and dental reconstruction as implant material due to their chemical and biological similarity to human hard tissue. Recently, vigorous research efforts made to obtain HAp from an animal bone in providing alternative feedstock materials for biomedical applications. Therefore, the extraction of natural HAp from the Black Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) fish scales was produced via a conventional heat treatment (calcination) at 1000 °C. To produce HAp fine powder, the natural HAp from the tilapia fish scale went through a grinding process before characterization and testing. The sample was characterized using powder X- rays Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The bioactivity of the samples was characterized using a Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) Test, Anti-Microbial and MTT-assay using a Human Fetal Osteoblast (hFOB) 1.19 cell line. XRD result shows the crystallinity of extracted HAp is similar to the standard HAp. The FESEM image shows the particles have different morphologies. The EDX analysis shows that the Ca/P ratio is 1.69 that slightly different from the standard HAp (1.67). The SBF result shows apatite deposition on top of the pellet sample surface after immersion for 7 days. Anti-Microbial shows that there are no anti-microbial properties on the extracted HAp and the MTT-assay analysis shows that the samples were not toxic to the cell. This work shows that studies on the extraction of fish scale into high value-added product are the promising alternative to produce natural HAp that is beneficial to medical applications. The bioactivities show that the natural HAp produced is bioactive and not toxic
Coastal Erosion Monitoring Along the Coast of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Full text linkCoastal monitoring, mapping and analysis are comprehensive for various coastal studies, such as advancement of regression planning, geohazard identification, decomposition- enhancing research, and theoretical or predictive modelling or coastal characterization. The objectives of this research were to identify the overview of coastal erosion monitoring along the coast of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The coastal erosion assessment approach includes the creation of sediment cells for the coastal area, as well as the collecting and examination of secondary data related to the research areas. Categorization of erosion has been concluded based on locations of study area. Category 1 erosion was discovered along the coastline at the PD Waterfront, Batu 1, Jalan Pantai Port Dickson, The Regency Tanjung Tuan Beach Resort (Batu 5), Tanjung Gemok, Kampung Gelam, and Pantai Teluk Kemang (Batu 8). Pantai Tanjung Gemok, a prominent recreational beach, is currently experiencing groyne erosion downdrift. Apart from that, a groyne is being eroded downdrift in Pantai Regency Batu 5, Negeri Sembilan
Haar-VGG: Face Attendance System
Full text linkAttendance taking is a crucial practice in educational institutions in Malaysia, but the traditional manual method is time-consuming and risky, particularly in the post-Covid era. To address this, a face recognition attendance system using Python is developed. The Viola-Jones algorithm known as Haar is utilized for face detection, and transfer learning on VGGFace is applied for model training, using 195 images from FLW dataset and volunteers among students. The system achieves a validation and testing accuracy of 1.0 through image preprocessing and augmentation. The attendance system includes a user-friendly graphical interface and live webcam feed, enabling instant recognition and recording of attendance. Integration with a MySQL database allows easy access to attendance records for teachers. This advanced system saves time, reduces the risk of virus transmission, and simplifies attendance management, offering a convenient and efficient solution for educational institutions
An Image Processing Technique for Lane Path Detection in Palm Oil Plantation
Full text linkImage processing for lane detection is commonly utilized by researchers for autonomous navigation purposes. In this paper, lane path detection in palm oil plantations had been demonstrated by acquiring raw videos using a vision sensor. The videos were recorded on two different paths in a palm oil plantation labelled Path 1 and Path 2. Various image processing techniques had been utilized inclusive of RGB to HSV conversion colour space, Gaussian Blur, Canny Edge Detection, Region of Interest and Hough Transform. Then, a histogram graph was used to assess the performance of the lane path detection by varying the brightness level of the images. With the histogram graph value entrenched, it shows that the level brightness of 0 and 50 shows the ideal performance of lane detection for both Path 1 and Path 2 in contrast to other brightness levels. The outcome justifies a suitable brightness value must be set to achieve a good detection result. Nonetheless, further advancement to the program of lane detection is required to intensify its functionality when it encounters effects from the environment particularly, illumination from the sunlight, shadows as well as the ground surface, such as drains and water puddles
Characterization and Optimization of Si-FinFET Structure Based on Gate Length and Working Temperature
Full text linkThe ability to use a fin field effect transistor (FinFET) as a nano-temperature sensor is discussed in this research along with the transistor’s temperature sensitivity. Using the multi-gate field effect transistor (MuGFET) modeling tool, the temperature characteristics of FinFET are investigated. Once the current-voltage characteristics at different temperatures and gate lengths (Lg = 7, 10, and 20 nm) are simulated, the temperature sensitivity of FinFETs is computed considering the metal oxide semiconductor diode mode connection. The best temperature sensitivity of the FinFET is observed based on the largest ?I in the operating voltage VDD range of 0–1 V. Furthermore, between 7 and 20 nm, the FinFET’s temperature sensitivity increased linearly with channel length
Optimising The Implementation of Building Information Modelling in 4D (Scheduling) and 5D (Cost) for Highway and Bridge Construction
Full text linkBuilding Information Modelling (BIM) is a shared knowledge repository for information about a facility that serves as a trustworthy foundation for decision-making throughout the facility\u27s life cycle, which is described as "existing from inception to demise." BIM is still lacking in usage and awareness of BIM benefits in implementation in the highway and bridges construction industry. Furthermore, the disconnect between project scheduling, cost estimation, and BIM models exacerbates the complexity of construction processes, hindering the seamless integration of BIM in highway and bridge projects. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the current level of awareness of Building Information Modelling implementation in the highway and bridge construction industry, to produce a BIM 4D (Scheduling) and 5D (Cost Estimating) model based on the highway and bridge construction project and to recognize the benefits and challenges of implementing Building Information Modelling approaches in the highway and bridge construction industry. This research conducted an industrial survey, literature review, and 4D/5D BIM modelling focusing on the Malaysian highway and bridge construction industry. The results suggest that the industry has a moderate understanding of 4D/5D BIM but has superior scheduling and cost estimating skills. The three highest listed benefits are improved on-site cooperation, model-based cost estimation, and project visualization in preconstruction with 3.633, 3.767 and 3.900 mean rank respectively. The three highest-ranked challenges are technical problems, legal challenges, and reluctance to change with 3.500, 3.467 and 3.400 mean rank respectively. In order to replicate the 4D/5D model, modelling is constructed using Infraworks, MS Project, and Navisworks
Real-Time Glyphosate Detection Using a Colorimetric Optical Sensor
Full text linkThe availability of clean water is a growing global concern, exacerbated by pollutants such as glyphosate, a common herbicide. Conventional detection methods are often time-consuming and require laboratory analysis, which risks sample degradation. This study introduces the development of an in-situ colorimetric optical sensor for glyphosate detection, providing an integrated, real-time solution. The sensor utilizes a reaction between glyphosate and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), producing a yellow-colored compound as an indicator. A regression model was developed to estimate glyphosate concentration, and the sensor\u27s performance was compared with a spectrophotometer, yielding coefficients of determination of 0.9079 and 0.9715, respectively. While the spectrophotometer showed higher accuracy, the colorimetric sensor offers a cost-effective, portable, and reliable method for on-site monitoring, aligning with integrated engineering approaches for environmental management
Detection of Oil in Water Using Photodiode and Internet of Things
Full text linkOil spills in irrigation ditches can have severe environmental and agricultural consequences. We proposes a system that can detect oil spill using a photodiode and an Internet of Things (IoT) platform to enable real-time monitoring. The system integrates a blue light-emitting diode (LED), a photodiode, and an ESP32 microcontroller, which measures resistance changes as an indicator of oil presence in water. Experimental evaluations were conducted by varying the distance between the light source and sensor (6 cm to 9 cm), oil volume (50 mL to 200 mL), and exposure time (1-6 hours). Results indicate that resistance values for oil-free water range from 300 kΩ to 500 kΩ, while oil-contaminated water consistently exhibits resistance below 18 kΩ. The optimal distance for accurate oil detection was determined to be 8 cm, maintaining stable resistance values. Increasing oil volume and prolonged exposure time reduced light penetration, causing a decrease in resistance. Real-time monitoring via the Blynk application provides immediate alerts when oil is detected. The proposed system offers a low-cost, efficient, and scalable solution for early oil spill detection in agricultural irrigation systems, minimizing environmental damage and improving water quality management
Investigating the Impact of Ageing on the Morphological Characteristics of Rejuvenated Asphalt Binder
Full text linkThe performance and longevity of asphalt pavement are greatly impacted by aging. However, after a several years of services, asphalt pavement become harder and looses its flexibility, impact comfort and safety for road users. To overcome this problems asphalt pavement required an effective maintenance or repair. The utilization of rejuvenator in aged asphalt is one of popular rehabilitation technique. The aim of this study is to discover the impact of aging and rejuvenation; waste cooking oil (WCO) to the asphalt binder’s morphological changes by utilized contact angle and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. To evaluate the morphological changes in asphalt binder, this study employed a Sessile drop method and tapping mode. Asphalt binders were also subjected to short-term and long-term aging simulation. The result shows WCO effectively increase the Surface Free Energy (SFE) value and reduced the surface roughness of asphalt binder. The result also illustrates, as the aging duration increases, the contact angle tangent slope between asphalt binder and test liquids were increased, indicating a reduction in SFE value of asphalt binder. From AFM images, the size of bee structure or catana phase are increased as the aging duration increase, indicating a morphological change and increase in surface roughness. This phenomenon can be attribute to changes in asphaltenes contents of asphalt binder due to aging and rejuvenation process. These findings will provide an important information about effect of aging and rejuvenation process on the asphalt binder’s surface morphology