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The Ethical Challenges of Educational Artificial Intelligence and Coping Measures: A Discussion in the Context of the 2024 World Digital Education Conference
Get PDFArtificial intelligence (AI), as the core technology of the fourth industrial revolution, has been widely deployed in many areas, bringing tremendous changes to human society. At the same time, AI has also instigated a variety of ethical issues regarding basic human rights, social order, private safety, and more. In order to maintain a balance between technological development and the ethics of AI, governments of various countries and international organizations are working to develop AI regulations and ethical norms. A forum themed “Artificial Intelligence and Digital Ethics” was held as a side event during the 2024 World Digital Education Conference (WDEC), showcasing the Chinese government’s adherence to the ethical notion of “human-centered AI” and the principle of “digital for good” in using AI in digital education. The forum emphasized the importance of establishing the ethics of educational AI for circumventing relevant ethical risks and creating healthy environments for the digital transformation of education. Based on the forum’s theme, this article seeks to set forth the necessity of formulating a code of ethical norms for educational AI and to explore pathways to building an ethical framework in this regard in order to provide insights into the rational application of AI in education and promote the sustainable development of digital education
Developing Principal Leadership Assessment Instruments: The Necessity and Challenges
Get PDFPrincipal leadership evaluation and assessment, one of the crucial means for managing and monitoring principals, is of vital significance for principal professional development, the enhancement of principal leadership capability, the optimization of the principal accountability system, and school improvement (Wang, 2016; Han, 2019). At the level of personal growth, principal leadership assessment can provide school leaders with formative and summative feedback, which is beneficial for their professional development (Murphy et al., 2011). At the level of school management, it helps the principal identify the gaps between the existing practices and expected outcomes to make informed decisions for school improvement and development (Goldring et al., 2009); in the meantime, principal leadership assessment with definite results enables other school administrators to understand clearly the goals set for the school and principal, contributing to the development of a climate of collective accountability (Murphy et al., 2011) and the improvement of school governance. Overall, well-designed and properly implemented principal leadership assessment can effectively enhance organizational performance and help select qualified school leaders (Murphy et al., 2011)
Could We Switch Off Autoimmunity?
Get PDFAutoimmunity transpires when the immune system erroneously targets healthy cells, leading to a range of autoimmune disorders. Although medications are available to alleviate symptoms and decelerate disease progression, a definitive cure for autoimmunity continues to be unattainable. Research in immunology and medical science is perpetually advancing, with novel potential findings arising. A viable strategy for tackling autoimmunity involves employing medicines that target the fundamental mechanisms responsible for immune system dysfunction. Certain drugs may regulate certain immune responses or obstruct inflammatory pathways associated with autoimmune illnesses. Moreover, gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 present possible avenues for altering genes associated with autoimmunity and maybe “disabling” the autoimmune response entirely. Despite existing hurdles, including the assurance of therapeutic efficacy and safety, these novel techniques have the potential to transform the management of autoimmunity in the future
The Application of Big Data-Based Precision Teaching in Chinese Education: Using Xichuan Experimental School in Chengdu City as an Example
Get PDFIn the era of big data, technology is a catalyst for change in teaching modalities. Although the notion of precision teaching is not new to the education world, its application has faced a variety of constraints due to technical issues. The advent of big data technology and the proliferation of educational data are vital factors in diminishing these constraints. Based on a review of relevant research, this study encapsulates popular application patterns of big data-based precision teaching in China and expounds on its implementation procedures, citing the practice of Xichuan Experimental School as a case study. It also discusses the challenges arising in the integration of big data into precision teaching in order to provide a broader perspective on this teaching method
Opting for COVID-19 Vaccine: Yes versus No
Get PDFThe COVID-19 vaccine has unquestionably provided a multitude of advantages in the fight against the global pandemic. The virus has resulted in a substantial decrease in infection rates, hospitalizations, and fatalities as a result of its successful development and distribution. Individuals can contribute to the collective effort to attain herd immunity and end the spread of COVID-19 by receiving the vaccine, which will protect them and those around them. Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognize a few of the vaccine’s downsides. These may encompass temporary side effects, such as muscle soreness or fatigue, as well as concerns regarding the long-term effectiveness and potential unforeseen risks. The COVID-19 vaccine is a critical weapon in the fight against this unprecedented public health crisis, as the benefits of receiving it far outweigh any potential risks, despite the drawbacks
[Retracted] Parasite-Derived Components: An Updated Review of the Toxicological and Pharmacological Effects on the Host
No full textThe article has been retracted by the Editors due to the discovery of plagiarism. The Publisher conducted an investigation, which revealed evidence of plagiarism, despite the fact that the professional similarity checking server did not raise any alarms regarding plagiarism before and after the publication. According to our analysis of the article, it can be classified as a case of inter-language plagiarism. The author did not agree with any plagiarism accusations but concurred with the retraction. The complete text of the retracted article is available as a supplement in the online version of this article
A Historical Overview of Artificial Intelligence in China
Get PDFArtificial intelligence (AI) refers to the interdisciplinary field of study that involves the development of computer systems and machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. AI has undergone a tumultuous developmental trajectory since its inception as a distinct field of study in 1956. This paper provides a concise review of the historical development of AI in China, with a particular focus on the country’s recent advancements in AI research, innovation, and application
[Retracted] Parasite-Derived Components: An Updated Review of the Toxicological and Pharmacological Effects on the Host
No full textThe article has been retracted by the Editors due to the discovery of plagiarism. The Publisher conducted an investigation, which revealed evidence of plagiarism, despite the fact that the professional similarity checking server did not raise any alarms regarding plagiarism before and after the publication. According to our analysis of the article, it can be classified as a case of inter-language plagiarism. The author did not agree with any plagiarism accusations but concurred with the retraction. The complete text of the retracted article is available as a supplement in the online version of this article
Turkish Pre-service Teachers’ Understanding of Daily Life Phenomena Related to Chemistry and Compatibility with the Current Chemistry Curriculum
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to determine Turkish pre-service science teachers’ levels of chemical explanations of various daily life phenomena and to investigate whether these examples are in accordance with the high school chemistry curriculum in Turkey. This study was carried out with descriptive research methods. The participants are 71 freshmen pre-service science teachers in a state university in Turkey. The data of the study were collected with the “Chemical Explanations of Daily Phenomena” Questionnaire previously developed in the literature. The phenomena in the questionnaire were related to chemistry concepts such as diffusion, temperature, combustion reactions and the law of conservation of mass, isotopes, reaction rate, redox reactions, and mixtures and solutions. The answers were analyzed in three categories: correct, wrong, and can’t determine and the frequencies and percentages of the categories were determined. Also, the learning outcomes in the latest version of the Turkish high school chemistry curriculum were examined in order to determine whether they were related to the chemistry concepts in the questionnaire. Document analysis was utilized to analyze the learning outcomes in the chemistry curriculum. The findings of the study revealed that most of the pre-service teachers answered correctly the questions that are compatible with the chemistry curriculum. Their misconceptions were mostly related to heat transfer and specific heat capacity, the law of conservation of mass, and heavy water and isotopes. The findings indicated that future curriculum changes should integrate some important chemistry concepts closely related to everyday life, such as radioactivity and heat transfer
Engagement in Structured Extracurricular Activities: A Preventive Measure for Technology Addiction in Adolescents
Get PDFBackground: Technology has been an integral part of our lives, and it has both positive and negative effects on adolescents. The engagement in structured extracurricular activities can be utilized as a prevention method for technology or internet addiction. This can channel their time and energy in the right direction and empower valuable results for youth. The present study was conducted to compare adolescents engaged in structured and non-structured extracurricular activities in terms of spending time on computers using the internet for education and entertainment.
Methodology: In a cross-sectional research design, the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire was administered to a total of 124 adolescents (75 males and 49 females) to exclude adolescents with behavioral disturbances. In addition, a semi-structured interview was also used for understanding and analyzing the impacts of structured and unstructured extracurricular activities (in terms of frequency and duration).
Results and Conclusion: Results indicated that academic grades were highest in adolescents involved in structured extra-curricular activities. Internet use and mobile use for social purposes were found to be higher among adolescents involved in structured extracurricular activities. Thus, active participation in structured extracurricular activities leads to the holistic development of adolescents, better academic performance, and decreased involvement in technology