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Teacher Criticism and Behavioral Improvement Intention of Secondary School Students: The Effect of the Closeness of Teacher-Student Relationships
Full text linkThis article examines the effects of the type of teacher criticism on behavioral improvement intention in junior and senior secondary students and the teacher-student relationship, as well as the effect of teacher-student closeness on the relationship between teacher criticism and student behavioral improvement intention
The Effect of Simulative Observations in the POE Method on Academic Achievement and Problem Solving Skills of 8th Grade Students
Full text linkTechnology is one of the factors affecting students’ education. High-level skills, which are described as 21st century skills, are intended to be taught to students who are considered digital natives with the most effective methods. Now, students are expected to develop not only academic success but also high-level skills such as problem solving skills in a course. In this study, the effects of activities developed based on simulative observations in the TGA (Predict-Observe-Explain) method on students’ academic success and problem-solving skills were examined in the Algodoo program environment, a technological learning tool. The research was conducted with a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test control group. The research was conducted with 8th grade students from a state school. Two classes were determined, one control and the other experimental group. In the teaching of the Simple Machines unit, activities based on the in-class TGA method where direct observations could be made were used in the control group, and activities developed based on simulative observations in the TGA method were used in the experimental group. Simple Machines Achievement Test and Problem Solving Skills Scale were used as pre-test and post-test.
A Review of Educational Agents: Definitions, Features, Roles and Development Trends
Full text linkThe educational agent is a typical product of the integration of technology and education. As a result of the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, its functionality and applicability have significantly improved, garnering extensive attention in the educational world. As a computer-generated virtual agent, it can perceive the educational environment and autonomously respond to the learners' needs. This article reviews the definitions, features, roles, and development trends of educational agents to find that being educational, autonomous, proactive, and socially interactive is their inherent features; that they can play multiple roles, such as the instructor, learning companion, and evaluator, to serve diverse educational needs; and that future development focuses in this area includes enhancing emotional interaction capabilities of agents, strengthening their integration with virtual reality and augmented reality, and transitioning from single-agent to multi-agent systems
Parental Education Level and Child Cognitive Ability: An Analysis Based on Evidence from the China Education Panel Survey
Full text linkDrawing on the data from the China Education Panel Survey, the article investigates the effects of parental education level on child cognitive ability using descriptive statistics and quantitative analysis. Research findings of the study reveal that parental education level is significantly and positively related to child cognitive ability, with a greater impact on the cognitive ability of girls than boys, and that its effects on the child’s cognitive ability decline as the latter improves. The analysis of mediation effects shows that parental education level affects child cognitive ability via its impact on home educational expectations and investment
Childhood Left-Behind Life Experience: A Painful Memory
Full text linkParental love and affection play a crucial role for a child’s growth. Yet, left-behind children, a special group in China, have to live in separation with their parents in childhood, deprived of parental care. The issue of left-behind children is a consequence of the disparities in economic development between rural and urban China and between western and eastern China. A large population of rural young laborers have left native places to seek better employment opportunities in developed regions. Constrained by factors related to China’s registered residence system (Hukou), these migrant workers can hardly have their families live with them in cities, and their young kids become left-behind children in rural homeplaces (Zhang & Li, 2016)
The Role of Education in the Fight against Poverty
Full text linkThere have been numerous endeavors to combat poverty in human society. Material backing alone may temporarily relieve financial distress of impoverished people but can hardly eradicate the roots of poverty. Comparatively, poverty alleviation through education (PATE) have been widely recognized as a more effective and sustainable strategy for reducing poverty. Education can change the lives of the underprivileged by equip them with valuable knowledge and skills, which predict better job opportunities and brighter prospects of personal development. 
Educational Reform: An Essential Pathway to Successful Education
Full text linkHistorically social advancement has always been accompanied by educational development, and reforms in education Historically have never failed to attract the attention of the global community. Educational reform is an intrinsic need of the education system per se, as well as a crucial pathway to higher-quality, more equitable and inclusive education. First off, educational reform prompts the education system to adapt to societal changes and technological advancements. A nation’s reforms in education can upgrade the governance structure and management mechanisms of its educational system, enhancing its capability of reaching scientific and transparent decision-making. In the digital transformation of education, for instance, the introduction of data-driven decision-making mechanisms enables the system to accurately identify problems, adjust strategies, and optimize resource allocation (McLure & Aldridge, 2023)
Cambodia’s Educational System Reform and Development toward Quality and Accessibility of Education
Full text linkThis article provides an overview of Cambodia’s educational system, focusing on its historical perspectives, reform efforts, and development. Since 2000, education worldwide has made significant progress with the Global Education Vision 2030 to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all. The article states the Royal Government of Cambodia has implemented educational policies and strategies to achieve its Education Vision 2030, focusing on human resources development, schooling quality, and learning outcomes. The article reviews the progress made in rebuilding the education system, which had suffered during political and civil unrest. It traces the evolution of Cambodia’s educational system from the French colonial era to the present, highlighting key reforms and developments. The article also discusses the country’s commitment to achieving international and national educational goals, specifically the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG4) Education 2030 and Cambodia’s Sustainable Development Goals (CSDGs) 2030. Despite notable advancements, challenges remain, particularly regarding teacher quality and student access to learning. The article emphasizes the need for significant improvements in teacher qualification and training. Ultimately, this research contributes to the Roadmap for global education modernization by 2030
How Do Plants Prevent Diseases?
Full text linkPlants live in environments teeming with microbes, many of which are pathogenic, yet they possess remarkable strategies to prevent diseases and ensure survival. Unlike animals, plants lack mobile immune cells, but they have evolved sophisticated defense systems at structural, molecular, and biochemical levels. These defenses include preformed barriers such as cuticles and cell walls, as well as inducible mechanisms like pathogen recognition receptors, hypersensitive responses, and systemic acquired resistance. Plants also rely on beneficial microbial associations, secondary metabolites, and hormonal regulation to reduce pathogen load and limit disease spread. The ability of plants to defend themselves is crucial not only for their survival but also for global food security, biodiversity, and ecosystem balance. This perspective article explores how plants anticipate, resist, and adapt to constant microbial challenges, highlighting the elegance of their defense systems and the broader implications for agriculture, biotechnology, and sustainable disease management
The Effect of Perceived Parental Trust and Perceived Teacher Trust on Learning Powers in Junior Secondary Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem
Full text linkParents and teachers are “significant others” in the academic lives of secondary school students, and trust from the former can help enhance motivation levels and develop positive self-understanding in the latter. Drawing on psychological capital theory and self-worth theory, this study conducts an in-depth investigation of the effect of perceived parental trust and teacher trust on learning powers in junior secondary students as well as factors influencing the effect