Research in Urbanism Series
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Mobile Pedestrian Navigation Systems: Wayfinding Based on Localisation Technologies
No full textThe first part of this paper gives a survey of the state of the art of research on human spatio-temporal behaviour in connection with the development of pedestrian navigation systems. The second part of the paper deals with the problem of pedestrian route choice behaviour. It is in particular concerned with localisation technologies and their adaptation to location-based information systems. The third part of the paper outlines three projects performed at arsenal research and the Vienna University of Technology in these areas. Firstly, it describes a research project on the requirements with regard to the development of ubiquitous cartography for pedestrians in indoor and outdoor environments. secondly, it describes a self-learning travel guide for city tourists based on mobile phones and GPS. Lastly, it describes an audio-guide system which provides landmark-based navigation instruction
Tracking Visitors in Public Parks: Experiences with GPS in Denmark
No full textVery little scientific research based upon GPS tracking in a Danish context has been conducted and up until the present, no research at all has included comprehensive GPS tracking of human activity (cf. Jensen & Guldager, 2005; Jensen, 2003). There is therefore a need for explorative studies evaluating different tracking hardware and methodological set-ups and identifying various difficulties that may arise during data collection. From 2003 up to the present, the Diverse Urban Space (DUS) research project has conducted various experiments with the use of GPS tracking as a survey instrument relevant to urban planning. This work has involved cases including the simple testing of equipment and both small and large scale surveys.
This chapter will first provide a concise overview of the different surveys and tests conducted within the DUS and briefly explain the main methodological experiences. Hereafter, a specific case in which GPS technology is applied to track the movements of park visitors will be dealt with in more detail with regards to the methodological set-up, results and applied hardware.
in addition to the explanation of the general surveying technique and the results, one park in particular is used to illustrate a simple analysis of how Google Earth may be used in connection with real time visualisation undertaken on the basis of GPS tracking. Lastly, conclusions drawn from the park surveys and a number of more general conclusions on the basis of various other surveys are provided
Tracking Down the Effects of Travel Demand Policies
No full textThis chapter addresses two issues related to tracking people through mobile technologies and spatial planning decisions. The first major part deals with the question of how knowledge developed through the use of new tracking technologies can impact the spatial planning process. We argue that global positioning system (GPS) data are valuable – if not vital – for the improvement of travel demand forecasts by means of an activity-based transportation model when assessing travel demand management (TDM) policies such as spatial planning strategies.
Based on a brief historical outline with regard to planning policies and an overview of various travel demand models, the need for advanced data and their use in modelling practice is shown. In the next section, the other topic of this chapter discusses what kind of spatial interventions can be expected due to the use of new tracking technologies. Here, four application areas related to travel demand modelling are identified and subsequently explained: the use of route knowledge and the concepts of accessibility, activity spaces and mental maps
Application of GPS data in Geographic Information Systems
No full textUrban planners and designers depend on spatial-oriented information and knowledge to comprehend a situation and to find design opportunities and solutions for spatial problems. Geographic location, spatial patterns and the distribution of features or events across an urban landscape inform many people of the decisions that planners either make or help others to make. as we will see in this chapter, a Geographic information system (GIS) provides urban planners with a platform on which they can deal with these complex spatial environments and represent, analyse and model them. It also generates new insights through advanced spatial analysis and helps to increase efficiency and flexibility in the planning process.
Parallel to GIS, handheld Global Positioning systems (GPS) are becoming increasingly available, opening the way for various applications in spatial research. The linking up of GPS and GIS in particular has proved to be a powerful instrument for urban analysis. This chapter is an introduction to the use of GPS tracking data in GIS for the descriptive and comparative analysis of pedestrian movement behaviour and the exploration of space-time activity patterns. The first part of the chapter addresses some key concepts of GIS into urban planning and design. It will address a number of fundamental GIS tools for delineation and the analysis of spatial patterns and relationships. The second part elaborates on the analysis of spatial patterns using GIS in combination with GPS. GPS tracking data will be explored by mapping movement and density in order to comprehend and monitor pedestrian behaviour in city centres, with rouen as a case-study