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Barriers and Facilitators to Breast Cancer Screening for Women with Intellectual Disabilites: The Perspective of Facility Heads and Caregivers
No full textPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience major health inequalities and face multiple barriers and obstacles regarding their health and health care. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and the cancer with the highest mortality rate in women. National early breast cancer screening programmes are in place in many countries, including Austria, to increase early diagnosis and lower mortality rates. Such screening programmes have been proven to be very effective. However, international data suggest, that women with ID are less likely to use early screening services. They often present with advanced breast cancer at diagnosis and a concurrently poor prognosis. In Austria, there are neither data on the participation rate of women with ID in the national breast cancer screening program, nor on facilitating factors or barriers to participation. This hinders the delivery of targeted prevention and intervention strategies and contributes heavily to the inequalities regarding health care for people with ID, which is in direct conflict with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities by the United Nations (UN-CRPD). The aim of this study is to collect data on participation in breast cancer screening in Austria, as well as barriers and facilitators from the perspective of caregivers and facility heads. Respondents will be recruited through two online surveys across Austria.
The perspective of people with ID on this topic will be addressed in a separate study
Cognitive maps in the prefrontal cortex
No full textThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for our ability to rapidly and flexibly adapt our behavior in new environments based on our previous experience. Despite its importance, the neural substrates and mechanisms by which the PFC supports this function have long remained enigmatic. Recent advances, however, have begun to change this. An increasingly large body of work suggests the PFC represents structured relationships—both among states of the outside world and between internally generated actions. In this review, we describe work from rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans to draw attention to the breadth of such representations and how they support flexible behavior. Across species, the PFC appears to represent the relational structure of problems: how stimuli relate to one another in cognitive maps or how different behaviors relate to one another when pursuing a goal. These results have started to reveal shared computational principles for PFC that generalize from rodents to humans and have inspired formal computational models and simulations. By reviewing experimental work showing both correlation and causation through invasive and noninvasive methods, along with theoretical work using artificial neural networks, we aim to highlight similarities and differences between species and models to provide a common language for interpreting findings in PFC. This will move us closer to a mechanistic understanding of the PFC that scales across tasks and species
Helix-TTD: Constitutional Grammar & Epistemic Uncertainty
No full textThe application of "Constitutional Grammar" (a runtime semantic constraint system) will significantly reduce Epistemic Overconfidence and Semantic Variance in Large Language Models (LLMs) compared to baseline performance.
Specific Prediction: In ambiguous or hallucinogenic prompts, models using the Grammar will exhibit higher Epistemic Humility scores (measured via Rubric) and lower Semantic Variance (measured via K-sample Self-Consistency) than control models
Harmony vs. Honesty: The Guilt–Repair Paradox
No full text- Abstract
While guilt is traditionally characterized as a moral emotion that motivates individuals to repair damaged social bonds, this paper investigates conditions under which this reparative impulse comes into tension with the ethical demand for honesty. We conceptualize Short-Term Relational Focus (STRF) as a multi-level phenomenon encompassing evolutionary pressures for social cohesion, psychological mechanisms of ego-protection, and ethical tensions between immediate harmony and long-term integrity and epistemic clarity.
Drawing on experimental evidence (Li & Jain, 2021), organizational observations, and philosophical perspectives from Kant, Nietzsche, and Aristotle, the paper develops a bidirectional framework for understanding social repair. This framework examines the Guilt–Honesty Paradox from both the sender’s and the receiver’s perspective, highlighting how attempts at relational repair may unintentionally undermine trust, learning, and accountability.
The paper further outlines practical strategies—supported by case illustrations, tables, and applied examples across organizational, educational, healthcare, and digital contexts—for reconciling concern for relationships with commitments to truthfulness.
Keywords: Guilt; Honesty; Social Repair; Moral Emotions; Temporal Narrowing; Trust; Ethical Decision-Makin
Azerbaijani Identity in Iran: A Systematic Review, Identity Spectrum, and Analysis of Contemporary Developments
No full textContext. Estimates suggest that 20–30 million Azerbaijanis live in Iran, a population two to three times larger than that of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Although officially recognised as a major ethnic and linguistic group, this recognition remains tightly bounded. Identity is largely confined to spoken language use, while cultural, educational, media, and political expressions have been persistently constrained.
Objective. This study examines how Azerbaijani identity in Iran is formed, negotiated, and transformed under conditions of partial recognition and institutional constraint, with particular attention to recent identity awakening.
Method. The study adopts a mixed qualitative design, combining a thematic literature review with semi-structured interviews and contextual analysis of developments since the early 2000s. Interview data were analysed iteratively using an identity-spectrum framework, supported by member checking and triangulation.
Results. Increased visibility and articulation of Azerbaijani identity have occurred alongside continued suppression and selective recognition, producing asymmetric identity change. Individuals are more likely to shift toward stronger Azerbaijani identification following experiences of misrecognition, with collective arenas such as sport, media, activism, and politics amplifying these dynamics.
Conclusion. Azerbaijani identity awakening in Iran is best understood as a structurally produced response to long-term recognition deficits rather than an externally driven process
vagal nerve stimulation for carddiovascular disease
No full textThis literature review examines the viability of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in the treatment for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with an emphasis on myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). We discuss VNS efficacy and mechanisms by contrasting the findings from significant trials, such as NECTAR-HF and INOVATE-HF, and new research on VNS in MI. Inflammation is a critical factor in the development of CVDs, driving the progression of atherosclerosis and heart failure. Using the cholinergic anti-inflammatory route, VNS has become a popular treatment approach in targeting inflammation and can reduce the inflammatory response, the root of many CVDs. Adjusting the body's natural inflammatory processes provides a novel way to manage CVDs. We also review the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in the management of hypertension and heart failure, employing Python for future rate projection to compare their usage over VNS
Témoin du pouvoir / Witness to Power – Documentary and Testimonial Research
No full textThis project documents a documentary and testimonial investigation into patterns of political persecution, enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests, and institutional repression in Venezuela.
The research is based on primary testimonies, judicial documents, institutional reports, and chronological reconstruction of events.
This OSF project serves as an open-access research container that links to peer repositories (Zenodo, HAL, SSRN) in order to ensure long-term preservation, transparency, and traceability of sources