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Does supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics improve behavioral symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through gut microbiota modulation?
No full textIntroduction
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication challenges and restricted behavioral patterns. Recently, the literature has highlighted the influence of the gut-brain axis and intestinal dysbiosis on the disorder's symptomatology. Alterations in the microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms appear to modulate behavioral phenotypes. In this context, interventions with prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics emerge as promising strategies to restore intestinal homeostasis and mitigate symptoms. Given the absence of standardized clinical protocols, this study aims to map the scientific literature regarding the effects of biotic supplementation on the microbiota and behavioral symptoms of individuals with ASD.
Methodology
This is a scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The research was structured using the PCC mnemonic: Population (People with ASD), Concept (Microbiota modulation via prebiotic, probiotic, and postbiotic supplementation), and Context (Gut-brain axis and behavioral symptoms). The study seeks to determine the breadth of the literature on the topic and investigate whether interventions such as microbiota transplantation influence behavior.
Searches were conducted in January 2026 across the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, VHL (BVS), and Web of Science databases. Selection criteria include grey literature and articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, with no time restriction. The search strategy utilized controlled descriptors (MeSH/DeCS) related to "Autism Spectrum Disorder", "Gastrointestinal Microbiome", and "Gut-Brain axis", with the exclusion of animal models
The Relative Cognitive Effort, Prerequisites, and Outcomes of Acceptance and Other Emotion Regulation Tactics in Adulthood and Old Age
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Event Tagging: A Novel Intervention to Remediate Age Differences in Episodic Memory
No full textWe experience the world as a continuous flow of information, but segment it into discrete
events in long-term memory. Poorer memory has been related to less distinct events, particularly
in older adults. Here, we test an intervention aimed at improving event memory in older adults
by making boundaries more distinct and reinforcing within-event associations using a large
online sample of younger (N=181) and older (N=196) adults. Across age groups, memory for a
film is benefited by the ‘event-tagging’ intervention (generating keywords to summarize the
preceding scene) over a low-level control task and normal, continuous viewing. This benefit was
greater for within- than between-event memory. The intervention benefited the number of
episodic details recalled by a subset of participants (N=55 younger, 65 older) in a free recall task
24 hours later. This suggests that our intervention may be helpful in reinforcing associations
within events while maintaining distinct boundaries between them
Stimulus Control Study
No full textThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether a stimulus control manipulation for cigarette intake will affect persons’ response to smoking the cigarette. This will be achieved by conducting a lab study with adults who smoke intermittently that measures whether the stimulus control manipulation (controlled puffing vs adlib puffing) influences perceptions related to smoking cessation (e.g., readiness, importance, motivation, self-efficacy) and response to smoking the cigarette (e.g., cigarette evaluation, change in craving, change in withdrawal). We will focus on individuals who smoke intermittently as they have been shown to have smoking patterns that are more susceptible to environmental stimuli than nicotine (Shiffman, 2014)
What waitlist interventions are used in adult mental health services? A scoping review.
No full textRegistration of a scoping review concerning waitlist interventions in use in adult mental health services
Embedding an Equity Orientation in Pursuit of Evidence of Educational Improvement
No full textThis EF+Math presentation from the Society of Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE) 2023 conference focuses on how to determine what counts as equitable evidence of educational improvement. EF+Math shares its efforts to create an environment in which evidence is contextualized in ways that align with commitments to equity
Exploring Motivations in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Comparative Analysis with Nicotine and Internet Addictions
No full textNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) shares key similarities with addictive behaviors, including its repetitive pattern and inattention to negative consequences. Motivation represents the driving force of behavior, and addictive behaviors can be explained as behaviors mediated by reward, punishment, and habit motivations. Similarly, NSSI seems to be able to adopt such a framework. Nicotine dependence and Internet addiction represent substance use disorders and behavioral addictions, respectively, and have been shown to differ in reward, fear, and habit motivations in our previous research. Nicotine use usually involves physiological dependence and emotional relief, with fear driving reward and habit, while Internet use is usually an externalized behavior to escape social isolation or boredom, involving a more complex interaction of motivations. In contrast, NSSI may be driven by overwhelming emotions and the need to avoid emotional collapse, which may suggest that fear may play a greater role, while habit drive may not be that strong, and reward drive may not even differ between groups, which is the common driver of all goal-directed behaviors. By focusing on NSSI and comparing its motivational drivers with those of nicotine and Internet use, this study aims to identify the unique driving role of NSSI motivations in NSSI behavior, thereby providing more targeted and effective intervention strategies for individuals who engage in NSSI.
In this study, we plan to use the Chinese version of the Habit, Reward, and Fear Scale (HFR Scale) to assess the motivations of three groups of people: 500 NSSI patients, 500 smokers, and 700 Internet users. After matching the groups of subjects on demographic and behavioral variables, we will use GLASSO and Bayesian networks to construct motivational networks for each group to investigate the proportion and interaction relationship of habit, reward, and fear motivations in specific behaviors