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Patient and public involvement in health technology assessments: study protocol for a cross-sectional analysis
No full textPatient and public involvement (PPI) is a key component of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) because it improves the relevance and transparency of evaluation processes. However, its implementation varies widely, and empirical evidence on current practices within the National Health System is scarce. This study aims to examine the extent to which HTA reports incorporate PPI and how these practices are reported.
We will conduct a cross-sectional meta-research study of HTA reports produced by the Spanish HTA Network (RedETS) between 2020 and 2026, identified through public repositories. A random sample of 150 reports will be analysed. General and methodological characteristics, as well as PPI reporting practices, will be extracted using a standardized data extraction form. Descriptive analyses will be used to synthesise PPI reporting practices
Affected Mitochondrial Enzyme Activity in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textDiscursive Construction of Gendered Hate Speech in Domestic Violence Victims’ Narratives in Nigerian Court Series
No full textGendered hate speech remains a pervasive feature of domestic dispute discourse, particularly within legal setting where power, morality, and social norms intersect. This study examines gender-related hate speech through an analysis of Justice Court episodes by Funmi Asaolu. Using van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach to critical discourse analysis, the study analyses spoken interactions in domestic violence cases that reveal both explicit and implicit hostile expressions. A qualitative analysis of 100 purposively selected utterances demonstrates that hate speech in this context operates through subtle discursive strategies rather than overt slurs. Lexicalisation and labelling, negative predication, moral evaluation and judgement, argumentation through pseudo-rational justification, and delegitimisation emerge as dominant strategies that construct stable negative identities and legitimise blame, exclusion, and symbolic violence. The findings reveal a strong gendered pattern, with women disproportionately subjected to moral condemnation related to sexuality, motherhood, and respectability, while men are more frequently evaluated through responsibility and credibility. The study shows that everyday language in domestic and quasi-institutional contexts functions as a powerful vehicle for gendered hate speech, reinforcing patriarchal ideologies and sustaining unequal power relations
Port and Polity (Pelabuhan dan Pemerintahan) dalam Sejarah Maritim Asia Tenggara, Asia Selatan, dan Asia Timur
No full textProyek ini merupakan makalah tugas mata kuliah Sejarah Maritim dan Perdagangan Asia Tenggara, Asia Selatan, dan Asia Timur. Makalah ini membahas konsep Port and Polity (pelabuhan dan pemerintahan) serta hubungan antara pelabuhan, kekuasaan politik, dan jaringan perdagangan maritim dalam konteks sejarah kawasan Asia
Scripted Reality and the Illusion of Causality: A Conceptual Analysis of Film, Observation, and the 99% Rule
No full textThis project presents a conceptual and epistemological analysis of the limits of human observation and experimentation. The paper argues that empirical methods capture reactions (effects) rather than absolute causes, and therefore cannot fully reconstruct reality. Using the distinction between action (objective cause) and reaction (subjective observation), the study examines why scripted representations—particularly film and recorded media—produce an illusion of causality by reproducing effects while concealing the true cause.
A central framework of the paper is the “99% Rule,” which proposes that human observation accesses only a minimal portion of reality, while the majority of causal parameters remain hidden. Through philosophical reasoning, classical analogy (axe and dent), and theological reflection on ongoing creation (Divine Command), the work demonstrates why attempts to empirically compare scripted and unscripted decision-making are impossible in principle.
This project is non-experimental by design. Its core contribution lies in demonstrating the epistemic boundary itself, rather than proposing new empirical measurements. The work is intended for scholars in philosophy of science, epistemology, media philosophy, and interdisciplinary studies exploring the limits of knowledge, causality, and representation
Effect of the basic elements of ancient Indian culture on the physical, mental and spiritual health of pregnant woman [with special reference to the ‘Aao Gadhe Sanskarwan Pidhi (let’s create a well-cultured future generation)’ movement coordinated by Shantikunj] - Case Study 3
No full textThe biggest asset for any nation is its great personalities having virtuous conduct, which are
considered as foundation stones for the development and workforce of a nation. Today, the
decline in emotional and spiritual values has given birth to negative perspectives, imbalanced
lifestyles, and destructive work practices which result in toxicity in the environment and
endangered humanity. In modern Indian and Western cultures, the focus is only on the
physical health and fitness of future generations, rather than mental, spiritual, emotional, and
moral values. Due to this ignorance on the spiritual front, the upcoming generation is
becoming directionless and deprived of emotional and moral values; and is getting involved
in different kinds of misconduct. Even after having higher education, children lack rationality,
character, and excellence in behavior, and are deprived of politeness, ideals, and divine
qualities. These can be considered as the root cause of corruption and immoral activities in
families, society, and nations.
The founder / patron of All World Gayatri Pariwar, Yug Rishi Pt. Shriram Sharma Acharya Ji
has stated several methodologies in his literature for the development of the future
generation. He directed that the decline in humanistic and moral values in children and the
downfall of society, culture, and morality starts in the womb of the mother. The foundation of
the personality (body and mind) of a child is laid in the womb of a mother. So, this
knowledge, based on evidence and scientific findings, should be spread to the masses, not
only for the development of an individual or family but also for the interest of the nation and
the world. This will help in the development of a civilized, cultured, and virtuous future
generation. All such inspiring efforts for the emotional and spiritual development of future
generations are combined under a systematic movement known as the “Aao Gadhe
Sanskarwan Peedhi” program. This research paper depicts one such case study of
‘Gharbhotsav Sanskar’ under the movement “Aao Gadhe Sanskarwan Peedhi”, in which the
effect of basic teachings of ancient Indian culture on the physical, mental, emotional, moral
and spiritual health of a pregnant woman has been studied. The positive effect has been
observed after she has started following an ideal daily routine, yogic exercises, pranayama,
dhyana (meditation), diet (balanced, satvic, and sanskarit), conversation with the fetus, etc. as
per the guidelines given in ancient Indian culture and modern science
Linking Intolerance of Uncertainty and Death Anxiety: Evidence for Moderation by Spiritual and Religious Identity
No full textIntolerance of uncertainty, a dispositional characteristic marked by strong aversion to the state of not knowing or having doubts, is robustly associated with a number of anxiety-related concerns– including death anxiety. However, few studies have sought to elucidate the unique association between intolerance of uncertainty and death anxiety, and potential moderators of this relationship. The present study explores these questions in a sample of 85 adults. Results indicated a moderate correlation between intolerance of uncertainty and death anxiety, which remained even when accounting for generalized anxiety. In addition, this relationship was moderated by spiritual/religious identity. These findings support the notion that intolerance of uncertainty may be a cognitive mechanism implicated in the emergence and maintenance of death anxiety in spiritual/religious individuals. Applications for clinical research and practice are discussed
Key performance indicators for digital learning software
No full textDigital learning software is used by millions of students worldwide, yet little is known about how consistently students and teachers engage with it beyond initial registration. This, however, is crucial, as continued usage is a prerequisite for learning. Here, we introduce the concept of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for evaluating (i) user activity and (ii) usage intensity in digital learning software. We propose a set of KPIs that capture different aspects of user activity and usage intensity leveraging two large datasets (13.000 students working through 22 million exercises; 2.200 teachers assigning 44 million exercises) obtained from a classroom-integrated software for learning mathematics in Germany and the Netherlands. We demonstrate how these KPIs serve as measures general enough for monitoring and evaluating any digital learning software with respect to user activity, usage intensity, and implementation fidelity. Importantly, the proposed KPIs also serve accountability purposes by providing insights into whether digital learning software is actually used as intended. In summary, our study underscores the value of KPIs for systematically evaluating the adoption of digital learning software in classrooms or at home. Moreover, we highlight how KPIs provide transparent and comparable evidence, allowing stakeholders, such as policymakers, school leaders, and teachers, to evaluate how digital learning software is used as a prerequisite for learning