238455 research outputs found
Sort by
Generalization in neural posterior estimation: Case studies with the racing diffusion model
No full textEvidence accumulation models (EAMs) are popular tools for explaining speeded decisions because their parameters capture different aspects of the decision process. While researchers increasingly use Bayesian methods for estimating EAM parameters, computational costs and the necessity of tractable model likelihoods still pose obstacles for traditional methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Neural posterior estimation (NPE) addresses these obstacles by training a neural network to approximate the joint posterior distribution from simulated data, which only requires a generative model and amortizes computational costs at inference time. However, the quality of the approximation can suffer when the test data at inference time differs from the training data. Both test and training data stem from data-generating contexts and, for EAMs, these are influenced by the experimental design. Using the Racing Diffusion Model as a test case, we investigated how well NPE can generalize across changes in two types of experimental design contexts: number of trials and data-generating prior contexts that affect the error rate. Using MCMC as a reference, we showed in two simulation studies that NPE generalized well across changes in trial numbers but less well across error rates. We applied NPE to empirical datasets from reasoning tasks and found that the patterns observed in our simulation studies held. We discuss challenges and future directions to assess and improve the generalization for neural estimators for EAMs
3. Review Questions
No full textRQ1. Intervention characteristics
What types of exercise- or physical activity–based telerehabilitation programs have been implemented for patients with chronic respiratory diseases?
RQ2. Program components
What exercise modalities, training parameters, delivery methods, and digital components are used in these telerehabilitation programs?
RQ3. Readmission-related outcomes
What readmission-related outcomes have been evaluated in studies of telerehabilitation for CRDs?
RQ4. Evidence landscape
What are the characteristics, trends, and gaps in the current evidence regarding exercise-based telerehabilitation programs targeting readmission-related outcomes in CRDs
QUESTIONÁRIOS UTILIZADOS NA ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE MENTAL DE ADOLESCENTES NO CICLO GRAVÍDICO PUERPERAL NO COTEXTO HOSPITALAR: REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
No full textRevisão de escopo que visa mapear os questionários utilizados na atenção à saúde mental de adolescentes no ciclo gravídico puerperal no contexto hospitalar
Social-Emotional Learning, School Bonding, and Early Adolescent Depression
No full textEarly adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by increased vulnerability to depressive symptoms, during which social-emotional learning (SEL) and school bonding can serve as key protective factors. This study gathered data from 2,513 Brazilian students aged 10–15 years to evaluate whether SEL and school bonding relate to depression. We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the measures, which indicated that SEL was best structured as a two-domain construct (intra- and interpersonal skills), and then implemented a structural equation model. Results showed that intrapersonal skills and school bonding were negatively associated with depression, whereas interpersonal skills, understood as affective empathy, were positively associated with depression. Our findings highlight the importance of designing educational approaches that foster intrapersonal skills and promote positive school environments to reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents. Implications also include mitigating potential negative effects of interpersonal skills
Coping and Resilience Among Women in Protracted Conflict: The Syrian Context
No full textThis cross-sectional study investigates psychological mechanisms underlying women’s mental health and well-being in Syria following regime change and prolonged exposure to armed conflict. The primary aim is to examine how cognitive and emotional processes—specifically self-efficacy, comparative thinking, emotion regulation, and repetitive thinking—are associated with mental health outcomes and well-being, and how these mechanisms operate alongside protective factors such as perceived social support and religious coping.
The study focuses on women living under challenging conditions in Damascus, Syria, and seeks to deepen understanding of pathways through which protective factors influence both psychopathology and subjective well-being in a post-conflict context
Clinically Recognized Perioperative Hyperglycemia and Major Adverse Events in Elective Surgery
No full textKearon Conditional Unlocking Fields (Kearon–CUF)
No full textFoundational framework introducing Kearon Conditional Unlocking Fields (Kearon-CUF), a necessity-only formal system for identity persistence under recursive update and constraint. The framework is presented as a canonical standards specification, defining core primitives, invariance requirements, operational identity-locking thresholds, and explicit non-claims. CUF is formulation-first, domain-agnostic, and does not assume particles, forces, spacetime, observers, or probabilistic axioms as primitives. This OSF project serves as an organizational and discovery hub for CUF-related materials and supporting files. The authoritative canonical archived version of record is maintained on Zenodo (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1814902
Evaluating LLMs’ Conviction Predictions and Normative Reasoning under Protected-Attribute Manipulation
No full textHalo Zone: Integrating Planetary Energy Flows and Biosystem Dynamics
No full textThe Halo Zone component focuses on the integration of planetary energy flows with solar cycles and biological system responses. It applies the Index to combine satellite observations—including proton and electron fluxes, ozone, and jet streams—with bioenergetic indicators such as intracellular calcium signaling, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production. Proton fluxes are identified as the dominant driver of energy perturbations, with measurable impacts on biological systems. The component emphasizes restoration-aligned strategies and provides fully replicable datasets and methods, forming a core analytical layer (“Halo Zone”) within the parent project
Analysis of Planetary Energy Flows and Solar Gleissberg Cycle Correlation
No full textThis dataset and accompanying analysis document the systemic planetary energy fluctuations observed from 1998–2024, integrating NOAA satellite proton flux measurements, solar indices (F10.7 flux, sunspot numbers), and geomagnetic anomalies including the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). Using the ISHEA framework, we identify and quantify events, revealing nonlinear interactions between solar activity, planetary energy redistribution, and geomagnetic disturbances. This resource enables further research into planetary bioenergetic coupling, systemic sensitivity to solar events, and the predictive modeling of geomagnetic impacts