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Hierarchical Resource Rationality Explains Human Reading Behavior
No full textReading is a pervasive and cognitively demanding activity that underpins modern human culture. It is a prime instance of a class of tasks where eye movements are coordinated for the purpose of comprehension. Existing theories explain either eye movements or comprehension during reading, but the critical link between the two remains unclear. Here, we propose resource-rational optimization as a unifying principle governing adaptive reading behavior. Eye movements are selected to maximize expected comprehension while minimizing cognitive and temporal costs, organized hierarchically across nested time scales: fixation decisions support word recognition; sentence-level integration guides skipping and regression; and text-level comprehension goals shape memory construction and rereading. A computational implementation successfully replicates an unprecedented range of findings in human reading, from lexical effects to comprehension outcomes. Together, these results suggest that resource rationality provides a general mechanism for coordinating perception, memory, and action in knowledge-intensive human behaviors, offering a principled account of how complex cognitive skills adapt to limited resources
La prospettiva civica. Nuove letture dell’associazionismo sociale tra ricerca, comunità e trasformazione
No full textConfronto a più voci intorno ai risultati del decimo Rapporto sull’associazionismo sociale curato dall’Istituto di ricerche educative e formative (Iref) delle Acli, che offre una lettura aggiornata del fenomeno in un momento in cui il terzo settore e il mondo del volontariato si trovano ad affrontare sfide inedite e profonde trasformazioni.
Il dibattito ha messo al centro il ruolo delle associazioni nel costruire riconoscimento, legami di comunanza e spazi sottratti alla logica del mercato, ripensando le dinamiche locali e il significato stesso della partecipazione civica
Models for emergent structures in mobility: Specification and individual-level interpretation
No full textIt is increasingly common to study mobility and migration of individuals between social and physical
locations as networks in which locations are nodes connected by mobile people. This conceptualisation
as mobility networks facilitates the analysis of how individuals influence one another in their mobility
destinations. Technically, this amounts to analysing interdependence between individuals’ mobility
paths. A recently proposed framework – the endogenous log-linear model (ELMo) – allows the statistical
modelling of these social processes and, therefore, dependence in mobility, combining insights from exponential
random graph models (ERGMs) and log-linear models. However, little attention was paid to
how such models should be specified in a principled, theoretically informed way. In this study, we apply
statistical theory to propose model specifications that can be used to analyse emergent structures in mobility.
We first reformulate the model under analysis as a conditional multinomial logit with dependent
observations. Subsequently, we show how to specify models that (i) are based on clear dependence assumptions
on the individual level, that (ii) have a clear individual level interpretation, and that (iii) avoid
(near-)degeneracy, a common problem for models with dependent observations. We end with an example
application pertaining to the mobility of computer science faculty between university departments
Standardised Annotation Frameworks for Geoscience Benchmark Datasets Using Text- and Image-Based Assessments
No full textThis work presents a structured human annotation framework for the development of high-quality geoscience benchmark datasets used in research and model evaluation. The methodology is designed to support accurate, standardised categorisation and response generation for two primary assessment formats: text-based geoscience questions and image-based questions incorporating maps, diagrams, and Earth observation imagery.
The framework emphasises analytical consistency, scientific validity, and adherence to predefined annotation standards. Quality control procedures, including self-review and decision documentation, are incorporated to reduce ambiguity and improve reproducibility across annotated datasets. The approach is suitable for evaluation-oriented tasks requiring precise Earth science reasoning and reliable human-in-the-loop validation
Seminar: A landscape-based approach to optimise carbon sequestration in temperate freshwater wetlands, New Zealand.
No full textSeminar Video Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lp-s00MQ8ug
Growing evidence shows that carbon sequestration in world’s natural ecosystems is necessary to address the associated impacts of global climate change on earth. This project studies urban wetlands and their ability to store atmospheric carbon for long durations of time. Wetlands regulate biogeochemical cycles with their complex ecosystem structure and are closely connected to climate change, as they are carbon sinks as well as sources of methane. Long-term carbon storage occurs in their ecosystems due to unique reduced conditions and high plant-productivity. However, the role of wetland-carbon fluxes in global carbon cycle is poorly estimated and understood since there is a need of more information from different wetland types belonging to different regions. This research studies the relation between plant-diversity and carbon sequestration in wetland ecosystems of Christchurch, to establish the dynamics that causes spatial design of plant communities to optimise carbon storage capacity of these ecosystems. Research implications will be applicable across created and restored wetlands in Christchurch, that would minimize methane fluxes and simultaneously improve carbon-stock within its ecosystem, along with providing habitats for avian species in their vegetation structure
Diabetic Pneumopathy in Low and Meddle Income Countries: A scoping review of Pulmonary manifestations and Evidence Gap
No full textDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a rapidly growing global health problem, with the greatest burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Beyond established microvascular and macrovascular complications, increasing evidence suggests that the lung is an important but under-recognized target organ in diabetes, a condition often referred to as diabetic pneumopathy.
Therefore, the aim of the objectives of the study was to explore the existing literature on lung involvement associated with diabetes mellitus in low- and middle-income countries. To summarize the main pulmonary abnormalities and health outcomes reported among people with diabetes. To identify gaps in current knowledge to guide future research and healthcare plannin
Relativistic Oncology and Dynamic Tumor Collapse
No full textRelativistic Oncology is a conceptual and programmatic framework that proposes a dynamic, non-linear, and systemic understanding of cancer. Rather than presenting a closed or definitive model, it introduces an open structure designed to integrate clinical, biological, and temporal dimensions of tumor behavior. The framework emphasizes relative tumor dynamics, critical thresholds, biological time scales, and integrated systemic states as key elements for interpreting disease evolution. It does not prescribe clinical protocols or therapeutic interventions, but instead aims to enrich clinical reasoning and scientific interpretation. Relativistic Oncology is intended to complement existing oncological approaches by providing a common conceptual language. Its primary goal is to reorganize how cancer dynamics are observed, described, and studied
The Language of Developmental Confrontational Psychology (DCΨ): A Short Lexicon of Core Concepts
No full textBilingual (English–Arabic) lexicon of Developmental Confrontational Psychology (DCΨ).
This project contains the short lexicon of core concepts that define the four developmental confrontations, orientations, diagnostic tools (SRI, DCPTT, SDCPT, DC-Scanner, Diagnostic Atlas) and therapeutic system (DRT/ART/BRT/XRT).
Author: Omar bin Shahrazad El Jirbi