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Sociologia critica e sociologia del lavoro: figlie di una stessa matrice a partire dagli anni ‘70 (Critical Sociology and Sociology of Work: Daughters of the Same Matrix Since the 1970s)
Full text linkSuntoIl seguente lavoro intende esplorare il legame tra sociologia critica e sociologia del lavoro, due discipline che, pur sviluppatesi lungo traiettorie autonome, condividono una base teorica comune a partire dagli anni ’70. In questo periodo segnato da profondi cambiamenti socio-economici e politici, entrambe hanno posto al centro dell’analisi le disuguaglianze, il potere e la trasformazione del lavoro. Oggi, queste discipline offrono strumenti fondamentali per comprendere le sfide del lavoro in un contesto sempre più globale e frammentato. Di fronte a tali cambiamenti da un lato tornano ad emergere con forza alcuni temi classici come la giustizia sociale, l’inclusione e la richiesta di rappresentanza da parte delle categorie di lavoratori; dall’altra emergono temi inediti che meritano un’attenta considerazione e che sono legati ad esempio ai temi della sostenibilità, della digitalizzazione e delle nuove forme di attivismo.Keywords: sociologia critica; sociologia del lavoro; disuguaglianze sociali, rappresentanza sindacale.AbstractThe following work intends to explore the link between critical sociology and sociology of work, two disciplines that, although developing along autonomous trajectories, have shared a common theoretical basis since the 1970s. In this period marked by profound socio-economic and political changes, both have placed inequalities, power and the transformation of work at the centre of their analysis. Today, these disciplines offer fundamental tools to meet the challenges of work in an increasingly global and fragmented context. Faced with such changes, on the one hand, some classic themes such as social justice, inclusion and the demand for representation by categories of workers are forcefully re-emerging. On the other hand, new themes emerge that deserve careful consideration and that are linked for example to the themes of sustainability, digitalisation and new forms of activism.Keywords: critical sociology; sociology of work; social inequalities; Worker activis
Toth e il pensiero trans-euclideo in Aristotele (Toth and trans-euclidean thought in Aristotle)
No full textAbstract For about 2000 years the postulate of parallels, enunciated by Euclid, was a source of doubts (postulate or theorem?) clarified with the birth of non-Euclidean geometry.In the light of this new knowledge of geometry, Toth, a Greek scholar and historian of mathematics, glimpses typical properties of geometry today defined as non-Euclidean in some writings of Aristotle. To clearly highlight free will, the Stagirite uses geometric examples partly taken from the geometry known at the time, partly uses its negation, that is, he shows, involuntarily, the presuppositions of the geometry that we know today as non-Euclidean, without delving into the possible logical coexistence of antithetical statements.This short note is an invitation to read Aristotle in a re-interpretative way.Keywords: Toth, Aristotle, free will, non-euclidean geometry.SuntoPer cica 2000 anni il postulato delle parallele, enunciato da Euclide, è stato fucina di dubbi (postulato o teorema?) chiariti con la nascita dela Geometria Non-Euclidea. Alla luce d queste nuove conoscenze di geometria, Toth, grecista e storico della matematica, in alcuni scritti di Aristotele intravede proprietà tipiche di geometria non euclidea. Lo Stagirita, per descrivere con rigore il libero arbitrio, usa esempi geometrici, in parte prelevati dalla geometria all’epoca nota, in parte ponendo la sua negazione, ovvero mostra, involontariamente, i presupposti della geometria, oggi definita non euclidea, senza approfondire la possibile coesistenza logica di affermazioni antitetiche. Questa breve nota è un invito alla lettura d’Aristotele in chiave re-interpretativa.Parole chiave: Toth, Aristotele, libero arbitrio, geometria non-euclidea
La Macchina Narrativa della Fiction Italiana: Memoria, Storia e Sapere Implicito ne La meglio gioventù, L’amica geniale, 1992 ed Esterno notte (The Narrative Machine of Italian Fiction: Memory, History, and Tacit Knowledge in “La meglio gioventù”, “L’amica geniale”, “1992” and “Esterno notte”)
Full text linkSuntoSin dalle sue origini la televisione italiana ha rappresentato un medium fondamentale per la costruzione di narrazioni collettive e di un sapere diffuso, contribuendo alla formazione dell’identità culturale nazionale. Lo studio sottolinea l’importanza fondamentale di un’analisi storica della televisione italiana per comprendere appieno le dinamiche narrative che caratterizzano la fiction contemporanea. Attraverso questa lente storica, si evidenzia come la fiction non sia semplicemente un prodotto di intrattenimento, ma un dispositivo culturale complesso che contribuisce attivamente alla formazione del senso pubblico. La capacità delle fiction analizzate — da La meglio gioventù (Rai 1, 2003) a L’amica geniale (Rai 1, 2018) da 1992 (Sky, 2015) a Esterno notte (Rai 1, 2022) — di tradurre eventi storici, tensioni sociali e trasformazioni culturali in narrazioni coinvolgenti e accessibili dimostra il loro ruolo cruciale nella costruzione di una memoria collettiva condivisa.Parole chiave: fiction italiana; storia della televisione; serialità; narrazioni; memoria; cronaca; AbstractSince its inception, Italian television has functioned as a pivotal medium in the construction of collective narratives and the dissemination of culturally embedded knowledge, actively contributing to the shaping of national identity. This study underscores the critical importance of a historically grounded analysis of Italian television as a means to fully apprehend the narrative mechanisms that characterize contemporary serialized fiction. Viewed through this historical framework, television fiction emerges not merely as a vehicle of entertainment, but as a complex cultural apparatus engaged in the ongoing production of public discourse and shared meaning.The selected case studies — La meglio gioventù (Rai 1, 2003), L’amica geniale (Rai 1, 2018), 1992 (Sky, 2015), and Esterno notte (Rai 1, 2022) — exemplify the capacity of contemporary Italian fiction to narrativize historical events, socio-political tensions, and cultural transformations through accessible yet multilayered storytelling. These productions do not merely reflect Italian history but actively participate in the reconfiguration of its public memory, offering narrative frameworks through which audiences engage with the past and negotiate present identities. As such, fiction becomes a privileged site for the elaboration of a shared symbolic repertoire and the circulation of historically resonant imaginaries.Keywords: Italian fiction; television history; seriality; narratives; memory; current event
Data Mining Meets Logic: Situation-Based Modal Logic and Metadata Veracity
Full text linkLogic and theoretical computer science are deeply interconnected, with logic forming a foundational pillar in the emergence of computer science. This connection has grown stronger over time, driven by advancements in symbolic systems within artificial intelligence, formal verification methods, and automated reasoning techniques. However, within the vast landscape of computer science, data science remains an area where the link to logic is relatively underdeveloped. In this paper, I apply algebraic logic to address an urgent challenge for data scientists: metadata veracity. Inspired byWillard Van Orman Quine’s well-known slogan, “No entity without identity”, I propose, “No data without metadata”, underscoring the importance of descriptive metadata in scientific articles. The central idea of my framework is that the geometric zones of a scientific article – with its atomic metadata – , correspond to an algebraic situation space. Consequently, I develop a situation-based semantics grounded on the idea that situations are portions of a possible world, a possible world is a PDF document and that sentences point to situations and describe what is going on in them. Applying mathematical logic tools to data mining enables a rigorous framework for defining metadata veracity, offering a structured approach to assess the accuracy and reliability of extracted information
Exploring the Role of Consciousness in the Origin of the Universe and Life: A Hypothesis of a Sentient Creator
Full text linkThis article aims to highlight how consciousness may be interconnected with topics related to the existence of God, physics, and cosmology. Despite the importance of this relationship, academia has studied consciousness in relation to each of these themes separately, neglecting to consider all four within a unified analysis. The notion of a conscious God is defined as a sentient creative consciousness that may have generated a holographic universe, a universe from nothing, a multiverse, or a cyclic universe as to create life and intelligent beings. The discussion addresses how this conception of God can be confirmed or refuted through various means, such as the presence of potential mathematical codes in the spacetime of the universe, the information contained within the universe and planet Earth, the development of artificial intelligence, and contact with extraterrestrial civilizations. This article demonstrates that science and philosophy can work together to solve the great mysteries of the cosmos that humanity has pondered for centuries
Intersex and Healthcare: A Narrative Review of Social Sciences Perspectives
Full text linkIntersex individuals—those whose physical sex characteristics do not align with conventional male or female categories—encounter considerable challenges within healthcare systems, which often medicalize their bodies through invasive treatments aimed at “normalizing” their traits. This narrative review synthesizes key contributions from medical sociology, medical anthropology, and gender studies to examine the social processes that define, regulate, and often marginalize intersex identities in clinical contexts. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as medicalization, biopower, stigma theory, intersectionality, and structural violence, the paper situates intersex healthcare within broader systems of normativity and control. It critiques the historical and contemporary role of healthcare institutions in reinforcing binary understandings of sex and gender, often at the cost of individual autonomy and psychosocial well-being. Comparative analyses with transgender healthcare reveal both shared and divergent mechanisms of institutional gatekeeping, underscoring the need for a justice-oriented, intersectional approach to care. This work ultimately advocates for systemic change in both healthcare delivery and policy, informed by sociological insight and intersex-led activism, emphasizing dignity, self-determination, and epistemic inclusion
Donne e scienza nel mondo antico (Women and science in the ancient world)
Full text linkL’articolo ricostruisce le biografie delle prime donne di cui si hanno notizie nella storia della matematica, filosofia e scienza. Sono descritte le vite e, per quel che permettono le fonti a noi giunte, le opere delle donne pitagoriche (in questo intervento si fa riferimento alle donne vissute dal VI al IV secolo a.C., nelle prime comunità pitagoriche della Magna Grecia), di Maria l’Ebrea alchimista alessandrina, per alcuni storici vissuta tra il I e il III secolo, per altri prima di Cristo, di Ipazia di Alessandria vissuta tra i IV e V secolo, uccisa tragicamente e, martire eroica, divenuta simbolo della libertà di pensiero femminile
Unravelling the Tapestry: Quantum Physics, Biocentrism, and Indian Philosophy
Full text linkIn the intricate dance between the scientific and the metaphysical, the realms of quantum physics, biocentrism, and Indian philosophy converge, offering profound insights into the nature of reality. This article embarks on a journey to explore the interconnected threads that weave through these seemingly distinct domains, revealing a tapestry that challenges our understanding of existence
La disputa fra Federigo Enriques e i neoidealisti italiani: una disfatta dell’Enriques? (The dispute between Federigo Enriques and the Italian neo-idealists: a defeat for Enriques?)
Full text linkAbstractThe controversy that between 1908 and 1912 saw Benedetto Croce and Giovanni Gentile opposed, on one side, and Federigo Enriques, on the other, did not actually have a conclusive episode, but its end was perceived, for its results on culture, on society and teaching in Italy, as a "defeat" of Enriques. A more careful examination of the events and of the historical context in which it took place seems, however, to clearly demonstrate that we can speak not of a personal defeat of the great mathematician from Livorno, but rather of a defeat of the commendable attempts at cultural and social modernization of Italy in an international perspective, of which Enriques was not the only actor but certainly the most exposed. Such intentions were crushed by the myopic provincial conservatism of the Italian neo-idealism, favored by the fascist regime, concerned only with affirming in the world an alleged autarkic national cultural superiority, based on the traditional literary-humanistic culture, ignoring the progress of the new technical-scientific thought, placed in an international context. Keywords: Federigo Enriques, Italian neo.idealists, Benedetto Croce, Giovanni Gentile.[1] SuntoLa polemica che dal 1908 al 1912 vide contrapposti da una parte Benedetto Croce e Giovanni Gentile e dall’altra Federigo Enriques non ebbe, in realtà, un episodio conclusivo, ma la sua fine è stata percepita, per i suoi esiti sulla cultura, sulla società e sull’insegnamento in Italia, come una “sconfitta” dell’Enriques. Un esame più attento delle vicende e del contesto storico nel quale si svolse sembra, invece, dimostrare chiaramente di poter parlare non di una sconfitta personale del grande matematico livornese, quanto piuttosto di una sconfitta dei lodevoli tentativi di ammodernamento culturale e sociale dell’Italia in una prospettiva internazionale, di cui Enriques non fu l’unico attore ma sicuramente quello più esposto. Tali propositi furono schiacciati dal miope conservatorismo provinciale del neoidealismo italiano, favorito dal regime fascista, preoccupato unicamente di affermare nel mondo una pretesa superiorità culturale nazionale autarchica, basata sulla tradizionale cultura letterario-umanistica, ignorando il progresso del nuovo pensiero tecnico-scientifico, per sua natura, invece, inserito in un contesto internazionale.Parole chiave: Federigo Enriques, Neo-idealisti italiani, Benedetto Croce, Giovanni Gentile.[1] Received on February 28th, 2024. Accepted on ….. Published on ….. doi: …….. ISSN 2282-7757; eISSN 2282-7765. ©The Authors. This paper is published under the CC-BY licence agreement
Proposizione 3 della κύκλου μέτρησις: la più emblematica delle opere di Archimede (Proposition 3 of the κύκλου μέτρησις: the most emblematic of Archimedes' works)
Full text linkSuntoNella proposizione 3 della κύκλου μέτρησις Archimede costruisce due numeri razionali che approssimano la misura del rapporto tra la circonferenza e il suo diametro, oggi noto come π.In questo lavoro vogliamo porre l’accento su due aspetti del trattato di Archimede: il primo riguarda le scelte dei valori razionali approssimati per eccesso e per difetto di √3 utilizzati all’inizio della procedura di calcolo, che risultano essere i migliori approssimanti in base alla moderna teoria delle frazioni continue, i cui termini si possono ricavare dall’antico ανθυφαίρεσις euclideo; il secondo riguarda alcune stime utilizzate da Archimede, apparentemente non giustificate e sub-ottime, che invece sono frutto di un preciso procedimento logico da noi ricostruito in termini di un algoritmo.Di tale studio è stata proposta una trasposizione didattica che parte dal testo antico e giunge alla produzione di una traduzione commentata in cui lo studente è protagonista del processo di scoperta. AbstractIn proposition 3 of the κύκλου μέτρησις Archimedes constructs two rational numbers that approximate the measure of the ratio between the circumference and its diameter, today known as π.In this work we emphasize two aspects of Archimedes' proof. The first one concerns the choices of the rational values approximated by excess and defect of √3 used at the beginning of the calculation procedure. These values turn out to be the best approximants based on the modern theory of continued fractions, whose terms can be obtained from the ancient Euclidean ανθυφαίρεσις. The second one concerns some estimates used by Archimedes, apparently unjustified and sub-optimal, which instead are the result of a precise logical procedure that we recontruct in terms of an algorithm.We also propose an educational transposition of this study that starts from the ancient text and leads to the production of a commented translation in which the student is the protagonist of the discovery process