Journal of the Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic" SASA - Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic"
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WHAT ARE THE KEY FACTORS INFLUENCING HOUSEHOLD FORMATION AND CO-RESIDENCE PATTERNS? LEARNING FROM SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE
Full text linkThis paper revisits the mapping of household formation patterns and co-residence systems in Southeastern Europe (SEE) utilizing new historical microdata from censuses from Wallachia (1838), Bessarabia (1850), Serbia (1863), Montenegro (1879), and Albania (1918). While previous work has provided valuable insights, it was often based on a limited number of cases and focused primarily on joint families. It often excluded urban populations and did not utilize microdata or a life-course approach. This study presents updated maps that offer a more nuanced view of household structures in the region. The maps, based on individual-level data, reveal significant variation in marriage patterns, household formation, and co-residence across SEE, challenging earlier binary classifications of European household systems and highlighting the diversity within and beyond the Hajnal line. Nevertheless, major differences in household formation existed between Albania, Montenegro, and Serbia on the one hand and Wallachia and Bessarabia on the other hand. Marriage patterns did not have such clear spatial grouping
DEVELOPMENT OF GEOSPATIAL PASSABILITY MAPS: A MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS APPROACH
Full text linkThis research presents a comprehensive analysis of the production of terrain passability maps in southeastern Serbia, employing a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis. The study integrates various geographical and infrastructural aspects, assigning coefficients to each input parameter, including rivers, roads, rails, CORINE Land Cover (CLC), soil, slope, and the Topographic Ruggedness Index (TRI). The introduction of the TRI marks an innovative advancement in terrain analysis and passability. By comparing wet and dry periods, the study provides critical insights into the dynamic nature of terrain passability, with implications for transportation planning and emergency response. The research's innovative approach and detailed examination set it apart, offering valuable contributions to scholarly comprehension and practical applications. The findings underscore the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and the broad impact of geographic information systems (GIS) and terrain analysis in addressing real-world challenges. Future research may explore additional factors influencing terrain passability and expand the geographical scope of the study
CONGRESSES OF THE SLAVIC GEOGRAPHERS AND ETHNOGRAPHERS—CHRONOLOGICAL RETROSPECTION
Full text linkThe end of the First World War brought changes in international relations and new socio-economic and social challenges. A specific segment was the organization of scientific work. Geographical science and the related disciplines were also looking for their place. A significant qualitative change to the research was brought by the gatherings of the Slavic geographers and ethnographers. At the initiative of Jovan Cvijić, the First Congress was organized in Prague in 1924. In the interwar period, three more congresses were held—in Poland (1927), in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1930), and in the Kingdom of Bulgaria (1936). The aim of this paper is an overview of the subjects and outcomes of those events in the social circumstances of that time. The work of the Congresses was divided into several thematic areas, with the dominance of physical geographic, cartographic, and ethnographic research. The importance of the congresses is proven by the fact that the governance structures wholeheartedly supported them. Even though they had a strong impact, the Congresses of the Slavic Geographers and Ethnographers did not provide answers to numerous questions that “troubled” the post-war societies in the second half of the 1920s and 1930s. The results undoubtedly pointed to the symbolic representation of anthropogeographic, demographic, geo(political), and socio-economic subjects. The data on the demographic losses in the Great War were omitted. There were no projections of future trends in the Slavic countries, especially in the context of the new conflict and its consequences
ANALYSIS OF REMOTE SENSING DATA PERTAINING TO DEBRIS FLOWS: INSIGHTS FROM SELECTED DRAINAGE BASINS IN BULGARIA
Full text linkThe present study is focused on remote sensing data analysis of the factors for the formation and development of debris flows in mountain drainage basins in Bulgaria. The rate of debris flow susceptibility in the range of the selected drainage basins was investigated. The relevance of the present study is related to the frequency of adverse hydro-climatic phenomena of natural and anthropogenic origin in the last decade in different parts of Bulgaria. Topographic conditions (slope angle), lithology, and land cover (vegetation) are considered as a complex area factor for the formation and development of debris flows. A morphometric analysis of the relief and the drainage network was carried out in order to analyze the debris flow susceptibility. Morphometric parameters and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The channel networks were classified by stream ordering. GIS analysis is done on the basis of Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Landsat multispectral satellite images, and geological maps. A complex debris flow susceptibility analysis was carried out. A classification system for debris flow susceptibility was generated. The complex analysis of the slope angle, lithology, and land cover within the studied basins show that drainage basins characterized predominantly by rocks of volcanic igneous complex and to a considerable extent by bare soils and arable lands are more susceptible to debris flows. The percentage of the highest rates of debris flow susceptibility is extremely low for the four studied drainage basins, which is largely due to the smaller slope gradients
THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATORS ON RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION IN TOURISM
Full text linkResponsible consumption in tourism is a crucial prerequisite for its sustainable development. Tourists' Attitudes are an essential topic in the issue of waste generation and management in both academic and practical environments. The article examines the attitudes of Slovak tourism consumers towards sustainable consumption and waste generation. The study objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of motivators for responsible consumption in tourism in the Slovak Republic. Four motivators and two attitudes that determine responsible consumption in tourism were determined. The results are based on data from primary research conducted on a sample of 284 respondents. We used the method of questioning respondents in the form of a questionnaire. The intensity of perception of individual motivators was monitored through a 5-point Likert scale. The study defines one research question and four hypotheses. We used Spearman's correlation coefficient and logistic regression to verify the relationship between selected motivators and consumer attitudes. The results confirm that the motivators "family" and "media", providing information about waste and its effects on tourism destinations, are strong motivators for responsible consumption in tourism. "Education" and "influencer" are fewer effective motivators. Based on this, the contribution presents possible measures to strengthen the education of consumers in the tourism industry on responsible consumption in waste generation
EXPLAINING GEOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES AS DRIVERS OF INTERNAL MIGRATIONS IN VIET NAM: EMPIRICAL FINDINGS FROM PUSH AND PULL FORCES ANALYSIS
Full text linkViet Nam has deeply experienced internal migration during its development history, typically movements from rural to urban and across regions since the launch of economic reform policy in 1986. This article adopts the cost-minimization approach to calculate the push and pull forces of the internal migrations across geographic distances of provinces and then explains those forces along with socio-economic factors within 63 provinces and cities in Viet Nam based on the census data during the period 2010–2019. The empirical findings from the solution to cost-migration equations between the number of migrants and the inverse distance across 63 provinces reported that the push and pull forces are quite heteroskedastic, mostly due to differences in geographic, social, and economic development. Not surprisingly, the Mekong River Delta (MRD) is still the most repulsive region for migrants, accounting for 30% of the total number migrants of the country and notable 98% of migrants who moved to the Southeastern (SE) region as the most attractive destination. It is obviously proven that the push and pull forces of migrations in a province correlate strongly and significantly with economic factors including relative incomes and poverty rate rather than human factors such as urbanization, population, and labor forces. Finally, discussions about policy implications of equitable investments across regions in Viet Nam are really necessary and could be a potential for creating job opportunities and improving standards of livelihoods.
APPLYING CLUSTER ANALYSIS IN THE BULGARIAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY FOR THE PERIOD 2010–2020
Full text linkThis paper discusses the territorial organization of the chemical industry in Bulgaria. Using the ESRI ArcGIS software and applying cluster analysis, the study aims to group (cluster) the 28 Bulgarian districts (NUTS 3 level classification) based on produced output, persons employed, and Bulgarian lev (BGN) equivalent of foreign exchange earnings from exports for the period 2010–2020. Three reference years, 2010, 2015, and 2020, have been selected for the observed period. The general conclusion is that the chemical industry in Bulgaria is characterized by high territorial concentration. Varna was the leading district in developing the chemical industry in the observed period from 2010 to 2020, followed by Plovdiv, Ruse, and Sofia (the capital). At the other pole were the districts of Vidin, Montana, Vratsa, Pleven, Lovech, Razgrad, Silistra, Targoviste, Dobrich, Pernik, Kyustendil, Blagoevgrad, Sliven, Yambol, and Kardzhali. The findings of the research show that territorial polarization is linked with several factors that can be grouped according to their impact into four groups: 1) raw material and energy, 2) transport infrastructure and proximity to the end user, 3) state and environmental regulations, and 4) provision of skilled labor
INTERACTION BETWEEN PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SPENDING AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND DEVELOPMENT
Full text linkThe relationship between pro-environmental spending, the state of the environment and development refers to its impact on economic, social and environmental development, improved quality of life, and economic stability. The study aims to understand and assess the level of variation in pro-environmental spending by municipalities in relation to their environmental conditions and development. Quantitative data on pro-environmental spending, enironmental conditions, and development were obtained for municipalities in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (province) from Statistics Poland for the years 2014, 2020, 2021, and 2022. The study is based on a literature review of the subject and statistical analysis, while the CRITIC-TOPSIS method was applied to generate synthetic measures. The results show changes in ecological spending, the state of the environment and development. The relationship between environmental status and development and pro-environmental spending has weakened during researched period. This may be due to a decline in public spending in response to financial crises, the COVID-19 pandemic or insufficient implementation of environmental projects. Maintenance (cleaning, greening, and waste management) has the greatest impact on the social and economic development of the municipality. Some improvements in the state of the environment in recent years are observed, with fluctuations in ecological spending and overall development. These changes may be the result of various environmental policies, local economic challenges, as well as sustainable development efforts at the municipal level
CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FIELDWORK LEARNING IN THE GEOGRAPHY CURRICULUM IN INDONESIA
Full text linkThe objective of this study is to analyze the high school geography curriculum in Indonesia and suggest ways in which fieldwork geography learning can be implemented. To gather data, mixed methods were employed, including analyzing curriculum documents, the results of national exams, and surveys of geography teachers. The study was conducted with 26 geography teachers from South Kalimantan Province in Indonesia. The findings demonstrate that while the geography curriculum in Indonesia allows for fieldwork, not all teachers have the opportunity to carry it out. Furthermore, poor results in national exams may be attributed, in part, to the lack of fieldwork learning on the lithosphere topics. Geography teachers can handle the challenges in carrying out fieldwork by doing more student-centered learning, by developing students' investigative abilities, such as inquiry-based learning or project-based learning. Teachers can overcome cost problems by choosing locations around the school, reducing transportation costs, and using mobile phone technology for data input
ASSESSING URBAN GROWTH IN GREATER SURABAYA USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE: AN EVALUATION OF BUILT-UP AREA EXPANSION IN INDONESIAN SECONDARY CITIES
Full text linkUrbanization in Indonesia's cities is increasing, leading to various impacts, including negative consequences due to insufficient investment in local public infrastructure. Urbanization assessment primarily relies on examining changes in built-up areas over the past decade. These changes serve as an indicator that can be effectively derived from remote sensing data. In our study, we applied remote sensing data from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) catalog to delve into the urbanization dynamics within Greater Surabaya area, Indonesia. We employed satellite imagery from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI TIRS) for 2012 and 2022. We used Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification techniques to construct precise urban expansion models. Our analysis revealed distinct urban expansion trends in Mojokerto and Sidoarjo, which contrast with the relatively stable urban development trends in northern Surabaya due to the construction of toll roads. The findings provide valuable inputs for urban management, necessitating targeted interventions and strategies to address the urbanization disparities between these two areas. It underscores the critical importance of resource allocation, infrastructure development, and urban planning initiatives, with a specific focus on Gresik, to ensure sustainable urban growth and mitigate potential challenges associated with rapid expansion