Journal of the Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic" SASA - Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic"
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THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION (NAO) AND THE WATER TEMPERATURE OF THE SAVA RIVER IN SERBIA
Get PDFThe data on the water temperature of the Sava in Serbia (hydrological stations Šabac and Belgrade, period 1961–2015) were used for the research, as well as the data on the surface air temperature. The temperature trends were determined and the significance (at p≤0.05 and p≤0.01) was established on the basis of the t-test. The Pearson correlation coefficient (R) was used for the calculation of the correlation. Increasing trends of the water temperature of the Sava were recorded in all cases at both stations. However, in the case of the HS Šabac, the trends for 6 months (February–April and September–November) were not statistically significant. In the case of the HS Belgrade, all the calculations (except for April) showed statistically significant increasing trends, which can be explained by anthropogenic influence. High level of correlation between the surface air temperature and the water temperature was also determined. In this research, the lowest values of R were recorded for October (0.561 for Belgrade), and on the seasonal level, for autumn (0.625 for Šabac). The research on the correlation between the water temperature of the Sava River and the NAO index showed the highest values of R for January (0.512 for HS Šabac and 0.528 for HS Belgrade). On the seasonal level, the highest values were recorded for winter (0.422 for HS Šabac and 0.432 for HS Belgrade)
REMOTE SENSING ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS: ЕАST SERBIA WILDFIRES CASE STUDY (2007–2017)
Get PDFWildfire has been one of the most dangerous environmental stressors nowadays. It is an important disturbance where ecosystem biomass is burned and where organisms are damaged or killed by fire. Therefore, the detecting and monitoring of this stressor are of great importance. During last decades, extensive forest fires have spread in Southern Europe, and they are registered in Serbia as well. During year 2007, several significant fires were registered in Stara Planina and Svrljiške Planine Mountains. The aims of this study were to detect land cover changes for the studied site from 2007–2017, to focus on monitoring the area affected by the wildfire, and to analyse the environment response to stressor. The study area is situated in East Serbia, partially covering the Mountains Stara Planina (western part) and Svrljiške planine (eastern part). The remote sensing techniques were used in the analysis and main satellite data were obtained via USGS Earth Explorer application. Six different classes were selected: Water, Forest, Pastures, Artificial area, Agriculture, and Bare soil. Results showed significant changes in two classes, Forest, and Pastures — the forest spread for more than 20% at the expense of pasture, which decreased more than 23%
THERMIC REGIME AND AIR TEMPERATURE TRENDS IN ŠUMADIJA REGION (SERBIA)
Get PDFSubject of this paper is analysis of mean, absolute maximum and absolute minimum air temperatures (on a monthly and annual scale) in order to represent certain climatic characteristics of Šumadija region (Serbia). Data from 10 meteorological stations located in this region were used in the analysis for the period 1961–2010. Based on available data it is concluded that similar climate conditions are met in the whole region and the spatial variations of air temperatures are relatively small. Mean annual air temperatures varied from 11–11.6°С in most of meteorological stations. The only exception is Belgrade where slightly higher mean annual air temperature of 12.3°С was calculated, which along with micro-location influence of this station indicates the presence of urban heat island effect. In order to determine potential air temperature changes in Šumadija region, the trends of the climatic element are examined using Mann-Kendall test and Sens slope estimation. Calculated trends of mean annual air temperatures indicate increase in almost all stations and they are statistically significant on the confidence levels from 95 to 99.9%. Contrary to the trends of mean annual air temperatures, absolute maximum air temperature trends have statistically significant increase only in six stations (at four stations confidence level is 99%, and 95% at one station and 90% at another one). Other four stations do not have statistically significant trends of absolute maximum air temperatures. Absolute minimum air temperatures do not have statistically significant trends
ORIENTATION OF THE FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CENTURY MOSQUES IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
Get PDFThe paper presents the analysis of the orientation of 60 mosques built in the XV and XVI centuries in the Balkans’ region of former Yugoslavia. The mosques have been selected according to their architectural value - mostly the dome mosques that were built by the most renowned builders. Based on the geographic coordinates, the qiblas of all mosques were calculated and the azimuths of their axes measured on orthophotographs. Statistical analysis has shown that the axes of these mosques vary in the horizon sector that is five times wider than the calculated sector of the correct qibla, with a systematic deviation of –10° 15' in relation to the correct qibla. Connections between deviations of the architectural design (dome mosques and other mosques), location and elevation have not been identified. However, a connection between deviations and the time of construction has been identified: deviations from the qibla are smaller in mosques built at a later date. The paper has laid the groundwork for future analysis of the causes of the aforementioned deviations: in the XV and XVI centuries there were no accurate geographic coordinates of locations and the builders were not able to calculate (take over, measure) the exact qibla direction, regardless of the method they applied
THE IMAGE OF BELGRADE AND NOVI SAD AS PERCEIVED BY FOREIGN TOURISTS
Get PDFThe image of a tourist destination to a large degree contributes to decision-making while selecting and visiting a destination. Therefore, creating a positive image in mind of the consumers is vital for the said destination. In the analysis of image of Belgrade and Novi Sad from the perspective of foreign tourists, it has been established that the image is associated with the domain of entertainment and night life, quality food and drinks, as well as the hospitality of local population. The image of rich history is also connected to Belgrade, while cleanliness is attributed to Novi Sad. The differences in the image of these two cities are most frequently located in the aura of the location, that is, the ambiance predominant in the city. While Belgrade is fast-paced, wild, full of life, Novi Sad is charming, romantic, slow, quiet and peaceful. What can be noted is that neither Belgrade nor Novi Sad do not have any tourist attractions that are extremely attractive for tourist, such as the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Red Square in Moscow, The Statue of Liberty in New York. Creating provocative tourist attractions is necessary to drastically increase the number of tourists. Novi Sad has made a significant step in that sense by organizing a music festival — Exit, however, the downside to using such events as tourist attractions is their temporal limitation (they most frequently last several days a year), which is insufficient for the city to make larger profit from tourism
THE STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYED AND UNEMPLOYED HUMAN RESOURCES IN TOURISM – THE CITY OF UŽICE CASE STUDY
Get PDFToday, tourism development cannot be imagined without the function of travel agencies and tourism organizations related to providing the information and advices. This function should be managed carefully, because providing the tourism information and advices is realized in direct contact with the client, which means that employees’ education should be correspondent to required tasks of each workplace. This paper indicates the structure of employees throughout the travel agencies and tourism organizations within the City of Užice (Western Serbia), but also the structure of unemployed human resources with tourism education in order to determine the socio-demographic structure and the share of young people in employed/unemployed category. Methods used in this paper are: survey, analysis and synthesis, statistics and comparison. Collected data were processed by using the mathematical-statistical software SPSS 17.0. Results of the study showed that females under the age of 40 are prevailing within the employees’ category, while females under the age of 30 are prevailing within the unemployed human resources
APPLICATION OF EU COMPARATIVE TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS — THE CITY OF UŽICE CASE STUDY (SERBIA)
Get PDFContinuous and mass tourism development resulted in the need of putting this activity under sustainable development, in order to provide adequate usage of tourist potentials for meeting the current and future travel needs. Sustainable tourism is a form of tourism that contributes economic development of local communities with taking care of permanent environment protection. The subject of this research is tourism on the territory of the City of Užice, analyzed through the application of EU five group comparative indicators, in order to determine the current position of sustainability. The research also covered the following tourist places: Mokra Gora and Užice in Southwestern Serbia. Method of analysis and synthesis, mathematical-statistical method and comparative method were used. The collected data were analyzed by using the method of descriptive statistics. The research results show unequal tourism development in the City of Užice, precisely to the fact that tourism sustainability in tourist places (Mokra Gora and Užice) is different compared to the destination itself. Beside the contribution to the theory of sustainable tourism development, the results can also have a practical application within Užice tourist organizations, which may have a significant impact on destination sustainability in the future
MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF YOUTH TOURISTS VISITING BELGRADE
Get PDFYouth tourism is characterized by diversity of participants’ motivation, in which culture-related motivational factors were designated in the previous research as particularly important. Aim of the research is providing contribution to the current findings about general motivation of youth tourists and their motivation to visit Belgrade. Research was conducted via survey in which the respondents rated importance of different push and pull motivational factors on Likert scales. Results indicate that culture-related push factors were rated highly, but lower than having fun, visiting interesting places, getting away from the routine and excitement. The most important pull factors are contact with the local residents and cultural attractions sightseeing, which were rated higher than recreation and engagement in night life, confirming the important role of culture in the motivation of youth tourists. The fact that Belgrade was on the way to another destination and the perceived inexpensiveness of stay in it were rated as more important pull factors than city's attraction base, which is in accordance with the determined transit quality of the visit. By using statistical methods (t-test, ANOVA), it was established that socio-demographic characteristics and trip frequency had significant influence on general and tourists' motivation to visit Belgrade
ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE BALKANS
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to consider whether there is an evolving regional economic integration (or disintegration) in Southeast Europe, which is based on the ethno-religious composition of the countries concerned. Namely, to analyse the evolving regional integration in Southeast Europe by evaluating foreign trade data. The main focus of this paper is on the case of Turkey, because after the Millennium the foreign policy of Turkey puts a higher emphasis on focusing on the states which had been parts of the former Ottoman Empire. It can be presumed that in the fields of social relations these countries have more fruitful economic relations as well. Jovan Cvijić in his ‘anthropogeographical’ research analysed the geographical influences on cultural dynamics and ethics, which still prevail. This present study attempts to explore the relations between the social factors and the economic matters by carrying out an analysis of product lines, their types, and market value in the period 2008–2014. The study suggests that despite the fact that the cultural ties of Turkey based on ethnicity and religion are tighter with Albania and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina than with e.g. Serbia and Croatia, in a globally connected world, the market opportunities, the geographical distance, and the ability to pay for products and services matter more than historical and cultural relations. This is the reason why Turkey has profitable economic relations with Romania, Greece and Bulgaria
SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE TOURISM AND RECREATION ZONE “BAIKAL HARBOUR”
Get PDFLake Baikal, as the World Natural heritage site, represents an area in Russian Federation, where any economic activity is strictly regulated. According to the legislation, the prospects for economic activity within the Baikal Region can be linked to tourism. Special Economic Zone of tourism and recreation (TRZ) “Baikal Harbour” was organized in the Republic of Buryatia (Pribaikalsky District). Tourism is considered to contribute to the socio-economic development of the region, which has long been considered depressed. Comprehensive studies were carried out for several years (2012-2015) in the area of the TRZ “Baikal Harbour”. A special emphasis was given to the analysis of problems and prospects for future development of the Pribaikalsky District in the context of creating “Baikal Harbour”. One of the methods used was sociological research, which revealed some new tendency in the development of the area, as well as different conflicts from the point of view of the local people