ETHICS IN PROGRESS
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Art brut oder die Überwindung der Biomacht
Get PDFIn this comprehensive paper, I present the thesis that the clinical biopower—which means biopouvoir according to Michel Foucault—can be countered with the help of artistic ability. In this sense, the psychiatric clinic may turn into a space of inclusion, respect, and true self-unfolding. Following Jean Dubuffet, I give a definition of art brut and analyze some works of German and Austrian outsiders of the 20th century, who succeeded in overcoming life-crises, such as childhood poverty, experiences of war, psychical illness, or social ostracism. I match the biopolitical character of psychiatry clinics against the most recent ideas of art therapy. The remainder of the article is organized in four parts: (1) Introduction: Raw Art, (2) Alterity: Beyond of Normality and Pathology, (3) Talent for Sovereignty, (4) Conclusion: The Between
Czym jest Zagłada dla historyka?
Get PDFIn diesem Beitrag wird nach der Bedeutung der Judenvernichtung in den Kategorien des Genozid für einen Historiker gefragt. Um die Komplexität dieser Problematik zu zeigen, werden drei Schwerpunkte erörtert. Ausgangspunkt ist die theoretische Auffassung des Begriffes Völkermord mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Konzeption Raphael Lemkins. Dann wird ein Problem der Historisierung des Holocaust und Bedeutung dieses Prozesses für die Geschichtsschreibung und kollektives Gedächtnis besprochen. Am Ende wird die kurze Beschreibung das Schicksal des menschlichen Körpers im Konzentrationslager als Herausforderung für eine historische Interpretation dargestellt
Etyka utylitarystyczna Petera Singera – szanse i możliwości przekształcenia praw zwierząt
Get PDFThis article is an attempt to redefine and extend basic terms of law, such as “person” or “justice,” to include self-conscious, non-human animals in the moral community. This need arises due to the evolution of our moral thinking, which is related to the process of recognition. Support for animals coming under the protection of law can be provided by Peter Singer\u27s utilitarian ethics, which shows the importance of respecting other’s interests and giving them the possibility of living under decent conditions
Pragnienie i zamiar: przyczynek do dystynkcji pojęć
Get PDFTo answer the title question there has been initially introduced the elements of the Aristotle theory in order to confront it with the concepts of the linguistic paradigm philosophers. Finally, the author proposes a very own solution to this dilemma. Accordingly to the methodology of the linguistic paradigm, the paper brings about an analyse of the linguistic expressions to investigate whether they provide a sufficient premise to distinguish between desires and intentions. The author asks several questions which help him describe desires, and them confront achieved characteristics with the essential features of intentions. In conclusion, the paper put forward the case of the explanation of actions according to both desires and intention
Free Will and Retribution Today
Get PDFThe paper addresses two issues that have been recently debated in the literature on free will, moral responsibility, and the theory of punishment. The first issue concerns the descriptive project, the second both the substantive and the prescriptive project. On theoretical, historical and empirical grounds, we claim that there is no rationale for fearing that the spread of neurocognitive findings will undermine the ordinary practice of responsibility attributions. We hypothetically advocate two opposite views: (i) that such findings would cause the collapse of all punitive practices; (ii) that, on the contrary, such findings would open the way to more humane forms of punishment, which would be justified on purely utilitarian grounds. We argue that these views are both wrong, since whereas a sound punitive system can be justified without any reference to moral responsibility, it will certainly not improve the humaneness of punishment
Basic Income, Eco-logical Ethics, and Interdependent Well-Being
Get PDFA Basic Income (universal basic income or citizen’s income) could contribute to the means for living a dignified ecologically- and socially-aligned life characterized by well-being, freedom, and equality. After laying out key definitions, I reflect on moral and ethical issues regarding Basic Income’s implementation, backed by supportive theory and evidence. These arguments organise around interdependence in eco-social systems and core requirements of ontogenesis as well as the intersection and intertwining of socio-cultural, political, and economic factors, known as socio-ecological determinants of global health and well-being. Following that, I briefly make the case for why intersectional and intersubjective aspects should be closely held in contextualized view of Basic Income’s democratised drafting and provision
Wizerunek średniowiecznego Żyda
Get PDFMedieval Jews were perceived by their neighbors in two ways. On the one hand, as an integral part of the community, living among Christians, leading business or cooperating intellectually with them. Jewish philosophers were known and respected by Christian thinkers, like the Jewish medics - prized for centuries for their extensive knowledge and skills. On the other hand, the medieval Jew is a clever merchant, cunning moneylender that is gathering his fortune, follower a foreign religion - full of incomprehensible mysterious rituals. Although there was no shortage of sympathy, Jews were rather approached with distrust and distance. A perfect example of this is the ghetto, created in medieval times. Medieval Jew\u27s pictures are multidimensional and very interesting. The article offers an attempt to present this diversity, discussing the Jew as a merchant, usurer, a resident of the ghetto, dissenter and a member of medieval society
Building Within Space: Thoughts Towards an Environmental Ethics
Get PDFThe need for constructing an environmental ethics that keeps sustainability in mind is the result of a collision of the realization that the natural environment is neither limitless nor impervious to actions with a view of nature that has been fundamentally instrumentalist and anthropocentric. This paper will borrow from architectural theory in an effort to do two things: First, it will point to some of the limitations of an anthropocentric view of nature and how it impacts efforts to influence environmental policy; second, it will suggest that ideas from Aristotle and Actor Network Theory can help to provide a paradigm within which we can think about nature in a way that offers an alternative framing of questions about the environment
ΜΕΤΡΟΝ, ΜΕΤΡΙΟΝ, ΜΕΤΡΙΟΤΗΣ. Early Greek Concepts of Measure
No full textSubmitted article presents a variety of the concept of measure in the early Greek investigations of nature, development of ethical and political structures, fundamental norms of the arts and crafts, and conclusively, searches for understanding of the ἄνθρωπος μέτρον challenge. Among the crucial notions of the early Greek investigations, measure was one of the most receptive: from speculative inquiries to ethical considerations, from theoretical constructions to methodological directives, from normative arrangements to technical solutions. The thinkers and sages introduced the concept of measure into the normative reflection of the ethics and politics, enclosing the most essential and fundamental prescriptions for noble, virtuous and favourable life. Furthermore, the concepts of measure combined the cosmological order with the mathematical proportion, logical principles of recognition with the methodological arrangements for the truth approximation