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Shelf life and quality of Sorboti lemon as affected by different chemicals and storage temperature
Get PDFA laboratory experiment was conducted with different chemicals and storage temperature (Kinetin + 4°C, kinetin + 15°C, kinetin + 25°C, potash alum + 4°C, potash alum + 15°C, potash alum + 25°C, hot water + 4°C, hot water + 15°C, hot water + 25°C, without treatment + 4°C, without treatment + 15°C and without treatment + 25°C) at the department of Horticulture of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahaman Agricultural University during June to December 2017. The aim was the study to find out the suitable method to increase shelf life of Sorboti lemon. During storage fruit decay, weight loss and total soluble solid (TSS) increased. While juice content, ascorbic acid content decreased with the increase in storage temperature. Minimum fruit decay (50%) was recorded up to 70 Days after storage (DAS) at 4°C in hot water treatment and fruit decayed (90%) at 4°C was recorded up to 70 DAS in Kinetin treatment. Minimum loss of fruit weight was recorded at 4°C (7.10% and 11.95%) at 70 DAS when stored in hot water and kinetin, respectively. Maximum juice content (50.11%) after 70 DAS at 4°C in hot water treatment which was followed by Kinetin treatment storage at 4°C (40.10%). The TSS was found almost static at 70 days after storage but ascorbic acid content decreased (59.59 mg/100ml to 43.36 mg/100ml and 63.10 mg/100 ml to 49.11 mg/100ml) from its initial content in hot water and kinetin at 4°C temperature. At 15°C temperature, it can only possible up to 35 days. So, considering fruit decay, weight loss, TSS and juice content lemon could be stored up to 70 DAS at 4°C both under hot water and kinetin treatment. Storing can be done in 35 DAS at 15°C both hot water and kinetin treatment
Current status of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) disease in major tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growing areas in Egypt
Get PDFA survey was carried out to determine the current status of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) disease in major tomato growing areas in Egypt incidence and distribution. In the 2014/2015 cropping season in major tomato growing areas of Upper and Lower Egypt. In upper highest incidence of bacterial wilt occurred in Luxour Governorate (10.29%) and lowest in Al- Giza Governorate (9.41%). Wilt severity was recorded (3.44%) in Luxour Governorate and the lowest (2.60%) was recorded in Sohag Governorate. In Lower Egypt Governorates, the highest disease incidence was recorded in Al- Behiera (15.28%) followed by Al-Daqahlia, (13.23), Al- Gharbia (12.41), Kafr Al- Shikh(12.70) and Al- Sharqia (12.14) Governorates. The lowest disease incidence recorded in Al- Suiz Governorate (10.27%), followed by 11.28, 11.58 and 11.67% in Al- Qalioubia, Al- Ismailia and Al- Minoufia Governorates respectively. The highest bacterial wilt severity was recorded in Al- Behiera Governorate, fields (5.70%), followed by Al- Gharbia (4.60%), while the lowest bacterial wilt severity was recorded in Al- Suiz Governorate (2.63%), followed by 3.30, in Al- Qalioubia Governorate. All the collected plants were subjected to PCR to detect the infected samples. The expected 288 bp amplicon was detected in bacterial wilt infected samples from above mentioned governorates and diseases percentage and severity were calculated
Impact of nutrient management on the yield performance of some aromatic fine rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in Boro season
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during November 2016 to April 2017 to study the impact of nutrient management on the performance of aromatic fine rice in Boro season. The experiment comprised three varieties viz., BRRI dhan50, Basmati and BRRI dhan63; and seven nutrient managements viz., poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1, recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (i.e. 250, 126, 120, 100 and 10 kg N-P-K-S-Zn, respectively ha-1), 25% less than recommended dose of chemical fertilizer + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1, 50% less than recommended dose of chemical fertilizer + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1, vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1, 25% less than recommended dose of chemical fertilizer + vermicompost 5 t ha-1, 50% less than recommended dose of chemical fertilizer + vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that variety, nutrient management and their interaction exerted significant influence on yield components and yield of aromatic fine rice in Boro season. The highest grain yield (4.09 t ha-1), straw yield (6.20 t ha-1) and harvest index (39.37%) were obtained in BRRI dhan63 while the lowest grain yield (3.44 t ha-1) and harvest index (36.54%) were found in Basmati. In case of nutrient management, the highest grain yield (4.31 t ha-1) was recorded in recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (i.e. 250, 126, 120, 100 and 10 kg N-P-K-S-Zn, respectively ha-1) which was as good as 25% less than recommended dose of chemical fertilizer + vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1and 25% less than recommended dose of chemical fertilizer + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 while the lowest one (2.74 t ha-1) was found in vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1. In case of interaction, the highest grain yield (5.30 t ha-1) was obtained in BRRI dhan63 along with 50% less than recommended dose of chemical fertilizer + vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 while the highest straw yield (7.20 t ha-1) was produced in BRRI dhan63 fertilized with recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (i.e. 250, 126, 120, 100 and 10 kg N-P-K-S-Zn, respectively ha-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that BRRI dhan63 can be grown with 50% less than recommended dose of chemical fertilizer + vermicompost @10 t ha-1 in Boro season to obtain the highest grain yield
Impact of bauxite mine to natural forest biomass and soil properties in Kas Island, Riau Island Province in Indonesia
Get PDFIn this investigation, the impact of bauxite mine to natural forest biomass and soil properties in Kas Island, Riau Island Province in Indonesia was investigated. On the island of Kas, bauxite mining permits have been issued. Mining activities will cause the destruction of natural forests as a source of wood, loss of flora and fauna, water regulator and medicines, besides it will also cause damage to land and the environment. Reclamation activities undertaken aimed at improving the vegetation structure and soil characteristics that undergo changes due to mine. The research method used is the analysis of vegetation and soil sampling is done by purposive sampling. Laboratory test data from physical and chemical properties of the soil, were analyzed by descriptive and statistical tests. Bauxite mining activities have caused the loss of biomass of natural forests by 168.8 tons / ha. Revegetation activities on bauxite mining sites should be restored through planting trees of Pulcherrimum sp, Laplacea subintegerrima, Calophyllum soulatri, Thesposia populnea, Diosphyros sp, Schima wallichii and Hopea mangarawan. Bauxite mining activities cause changes in soil properties, namely a significant increase in bulk density of 0.55 (76.39%) and a significant decrease in porosity of 22.39 (30.21%), drainage pore of 6.57 (52.77%), water available at 6.41 (36.59 %), permeability is 19.59 (82.69%), C-organic is 12.20 (93.99%), N is 0.47 (85.45%), and P is 29.88 (85.91%). Therefore, bauxite mine activity leads to significant changes in physical properties and soil chemistry properties for bulk density parameters, porosity, drainage pores, available water, and permeability, C-organic, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of the soil
Growth of Agathis dammara (Lamb. Rich.) seedling on gold tailing with addition of coconut shell charcoal and compost
Get PDFTailing produced by gold mining activities may cause environmental damage, such as decreasing of soil fertility and endangering ecosystem. Tailing also can decrease the soil chacaracteristics and its fertility. Thus, it is not able to carry the plant growth as well. The addition of coconut shell charcoal and compost on tailing may improve the condition of soil properties (physical, chemical, and biological) and its fertility. Agathis dammara (Lamb. Rich.) is one of pioneer tree species that can be potentially used on revegetation process in post mining land. This research was carried out to assess the effect of adding coconut shell charcoal and compost on the growth of A. dammara seedling in tailing medium. This research uses complete random design (CRD) factorial. The result of this research shows that giving coconut shell charcoal and compost manure does not have significant effect to all parameter viz height, diameter, total wet weight (TWW), total dry weight (TDW), and root-shoot ratio (RSR) of A. Dammara. The addition of coconut shell charcoal and compost gave the significant effects on total dry weight (TDW) of A. dammara seedling. The best treatment was the addition of 0 g coconut shell charcoal and 20 g compost (A0B1). Generally, the addition of coconut shell charcoal and compost could improve the soil characteristics and support the growth of the A. dammara seedling on tailing medium
Assessment of heavy metals pollution in surface sediments of a tidal creek in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Get PDFThe present investigation was carried out to assess the heavy metals pollution in surface sediments of a tidal creek in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Sediments obtained from Azuabie creek were examined for heavy metals viz., Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn pollution using the Okujagu creek as a control point. Three stations were established on the Azuabie creek while the control creek had one station. Sediments samples were collected in duplicates on a monthly basis for three months (October – December, 2015) and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results show that Azuabie creek had higher metal concentrations compared to the control creek with mean metal values as follows Zn: 27.5 – 293.3 mg/kg; Cd: 0.0 – 0.6 mg/kg; Cr: 2.8 – 35.7 mg/kg and Pb:5.7 – 22.5 mg/kg. Zn levels in sediment had significant difference (p<0.05) between stations which occurred thus: St1 < St2 = St3 < St Control. The values of Contamination factor (CF) ranged from 0.00 – 3.1 indicating low to moderate level of sediment contamination. The values of the degree of contamination computed ranged from 1.28 at the control station to 5.98 at St.1 while the PLI values generally indicated “no pollution” except at St.3 where the values was slightly >1. Generally, EF and Igeo values were lowest at the control station compared to other stations. The study concluded there was low to moderate level of contamination indicating heavy metal input from anthropogenic origin was found in the study area
Effect of planting method on onion (Allium cepa L.) bulb production in Faridpur region of Bangladesh
Get PDFThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the effective planting method for onion production for motivating onion producing farmers in Faridpur region of Bangladesh during rabi season 2014-15 and 2015-16 at spices Research Sub-centre, Faridpur. The number of treatment was four viz., Raised bed + Spices Research Centre (SRC) recommended practice, Raised bed + Farmer’s practice, Flat method + Spices Research Centre (SRC) recommended practice and Flat method + Farmer’s practice. The onion variety BARI Piaz-1 used as planting material. The SRC recommended practice consist of seed sowing at 2nd week of November + seedlings transplanting at the end of December + Spacing (10cm × 10cm) + Irrigation (4times) + weeding (four at 15, 25, 45 and 60 DAT) + Fungi-cide application with Rovral and Ridomil gold (four spray when disease appears) + Insecticide application (2-3 spray when/before thrips / insect appears) + Fertilizer doses (cow dung 5 ton ha-1, N120, P54, k75 and S20 kg ha-1. On the other hand farmer’s practice consist of seed sowing at last week of November in flat seed bed + seedling transplanting at 3rd week of January + Spacing (10cm × 7cm) + Irrigation (2-3 times) + Weeding (2times) + Fungicide application with Rovral, Score and other type of ineffective fungicide at 5-7 days interval + insecticide application with Confidor after thrips / insect appears + Fertilizer doses (N46, P45, k30 and S16 kg ha-1. The results of the study revealed that planting method and management practices had significant impact on yield and yield attributes of onion and among the treatments the highest yield was found from Raised bed + SRC recommended practice. Significantly highest yield 14.42 t ha-1 in 2014-15 and 12.57 t ha-1 in 2015-16 was recorded from SRC recommended practice. The lowest yield 8.05 t ha-1 in 2014-15 and 7.66 t ha-1 in 2015-16 was recorded from Flat method + Farmer’s practice. Therefore, the farmers of Faridpur region of Bangladesh are advised to adopt SRC recommended practice with raised bed method for increasing their annual average onion productio
Importance of weather prediction for sustainable agriculture in Bihar, India
Get PDFThe current study deals with the climate variability leads to economic and food security risks in Bihar state of India and rest of other part also due to its significant influences on agriculture. In the Bihar state, where agriculture is underachieve because of monsoon dependence and out of the 100 percent only 30 percent is fed by canal water. Climate is changing and its effects on agriculture are uncertain, and to get maximize output and to improving their livelihood within the major constraint, there is need for accurate weather forecast and information. Due to this the dependency of the agriculture sector on monsoon correlates accurate weather forecasts with high demand. The key factor in all agriculture policy is the weather forecasting information which involves enhancing farm risk management. The analysis showed that a 75% accuracy of agro-meteorological infor-mation is necessary for the agro-meteorological information to be worthwhile. However, challenges are there to the uncertainty of climate forecasts and to the complexities of agricultural systems. If better predictions of climate were available three to six months ahead of time, it may be possible to modify decisions to decrease unwanted impacts and to take advantage of expected favourable conditions. Also farmer is better geared to decide about his choice on crop management including appropriate time for sowing, wedding, and harvesting and fertiliser application
Breeding climate change resilient maize and wheat for food security
Get PDFClimate change is affecting agriculture directly or indirectly, worldwide and is an important challenge that threatens the long-term production growth of cereals. Fluctuating temperature, green-house gases, rainfall, and high humidity directly affect the crops, pathogens, insects, and weeds. Several new diseases, weeds, and insect pests have started appearing with the changing climate. Maize and wheat are the two of the most important food crops worldwide with too are getting affected. Predictions suggest that climate change will reduce maize and wheat production this will coincide with a substantial increase in demand for maize and wheat due to rising populations. Maize and wheat research has a crucial role to play in enhancing adaptation to and mitigation of climate change while also enhancing food security. The varieties of agricultural crops with increased tolerance to heat and drought stress and resistance to pests and diseases are serious for handling existing climatic variability and for adaptation to progressive climate change. Numerous climate resilient agricultural technologies such as zero tillage (no tillage), laser land leveling, happy seeder, raised-bed planting, tensiometer, and rotavator have been invented for the conservation of agricul-ture. Further, drip irrigation and fertigation, leaf color chart (LCC) for need-based application of nitrogen, integrated nutrient management (INM) systems, integrated pest management (IPM) systems, integrated disease management (IDM) systems, site-specific management systems using remote sensing, GPS, and GIS, and Web-based decision support systems for controlling diseases and insect pests are being commercialized to mitigate the climate change
Variations of growth parameters in transplanted Aman rice (cv. BRRI dhan39) in response to plant spacing and fertilizer management
Get PDFThe experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during June to December 2015 to investigate the effect of spacing and fertilizer management on the growth parameters of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan39. The experiment comprised of five spacing’s viz. 25 cm × 5 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 20 cm, 25 cm × 25 cm, and four fertilizer treatments viz. no manure and no fertilizer (control), recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (80-60-40 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1,respectively + 60 kg ha-1 gypsum + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4), 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cow dung at 5 t ha-1,75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1. The highest and lowest plant height was found in spacing 25 cm × 15 cm, and 25 cm × 5 cm, respectively at all dates of observations. Spacing 25 cm × 15 cm, produced the highest number of tillers hill-1 at 80 DAT. Leaf area index (LAI) and total dry matter (TDM) hill-1 were the highest in 25 cm × 15 cm spacing and lowest in 25 cm × 5 cm spacing. The highest plant height, LAI and total TDM hill-1 were recorded in 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cow dung at 5 t ha-1 and the lowest values were observed in control treatment. In case of interaction, the highest number of tillers hill-1, leaf area index and total dry matter hill-1 were obtained in spacing 25 cm × 15 cm fertilized with 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cow dung at 5 t ha-1.Therefore, 25 cm × 15 cm spacing combined with 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cow dung at 5 t ha-1 appeared as the promising practice in transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan39 cultivation in terms of growth parameters