Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science
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A comparative study on morphology, mineral and vitamin compositions of two variants of Hibiscus sabdariffa (L.)
Get PDFMorphological, mineral and vitamin compositions of leaves and seeds of two varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. were evaluated using standard techniques and compared. Analysis of variance was employed in data analyses. Morphological study showed no significant difference in their habit, structure and phyllotaxy but varied mostly in sizes and colour. The red variety had a greater leaf area (94.25±0.310cm2) and petiole length (6.50±0.620cm) than the green variety, whose leaf area and petiole length are 53.95±0.400cm2 and 3.60±0.332cm respectively. The minerals and vitamins were found to be present in all the parts of the two varieties investigated but in varying levels. Higher composition of the minerals and vitamins were found in the leaves than the seed. However, the nutrients were higher in the red variety. The results of the study revealed that these parts of the two varieties investigated are nutritious and can contribute significantly to the human health requirements thus could be extracted for the manufacture of food and drugs supplements. Overall data could be used as a viable tool in Roselle breeding for improvement in Roselle production and also to enhance proper taxonomic characterization and identification of the plant species which have immense economic potentials as ornamental plants
Irrigation water quality assessment of Betagi Upazila under Barguna district in Bangladesh
Get PDFIrrigation water quality is important for the successful crop production. The present study aimed to assess the quality of both ground and surface water for use of irrigation purposes at Betagi Upazila under Barguna district in Bangladesh. Forty two water samples were collected from different locations and their important chemical properties including pH, EC, the concentration of PO43-, SO42-, K+, and Na+ were analyzed. Results revealed that the pH of the ground and surface water were ranged from 7.23 to 8. 49 and 6.98 to 7.96, respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the water samples were 590 to 1950 µ Scm-1 and 110 to 380 µ Scm-1 respectively. The PO43- concentration in groundwater was 0.10 to 0.74 mgL-1 and surface water was 0.05 to 0.20 mgL-1. The SO42- concentration of groundwater ranged from 1.29 to 3.10 mgL-1 and surfacewater was 2.11 to 7.28 mgL-1. The K+ ion concentration was 4.55 to 11.38 mgL-1 in groundwater and 6.12 to 22.44 mgL-1 in surface water. The PO43- and SO42- concentration in most of the ground and surface water samples within the “safe” limit for irrigation, whereas the pH, EC, and K+ concentration in both ground and surface water were not in the safe limit. Besides this, Na+ concentration was higher in groundwater than surface water. Based on chemical properties, surface water is more suitable as irrigation water compared to groundwater in the study area
A review on feasibility of phytoremediation technology for heavy metals removal
Get PDFQuick jump of urbanization and industrialization is responsible for birth of heavy metal pollution. In the aquatic systems, heavy metals are one of the most dangerous pollutants that may be found. It can have both natural and anthropogenic origins. In aquatic ecosystem heavy metal pollution have a serious hazard to biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems, and drinking polluted water contaminated with heavy metals can have severe health risks in humans as well as in all living-beings. The commercial characteristics and side effects of conservative treatment equipment in aquatic environment flagged the way to eco-sustainable technology like phytoremediation. In phytoremediation, Plants are used to clean up the environment from numerous dangerous contaminants. Phytoremediation is cost-effective and ecofriendly expertise for environmentally friendly cleanup. The present review reflects the characteristics of heavy metals and possible environmental threats together with this, review also inspects the role played by the macrophytes in phytoremediation studies in the recent past. In the reduction of heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments which receive the industrial discharges and municipal wastewater, aquatic macrophytes are powerful tools to remediate them
Disabled user’s preference investigation of Konya Karatay City Park according to the universal design criteria (UDC)
Get PDFThe importance of concepts such as universal design, accessibility, and unimpeded life is increasing as the number of disabled people within the society increases over the years and as the effects of being disabled become more prominent. As these concepts have become widespread throughout the world, architects and designers have also focused on projects that facilitate the life of individuals with disabilities in their designs, and they have created designs from the inside of life by incorporating the rapid development of technology into the process. The universal design aims to eliminate the obstacles faced by individuals with basic disabilities and to ensure the use of designs together with non-disabled individuals. The universal design criteria revealed in this direction are the main factors that make up the study subject. Within the scope of the study, determination of the suitability of Konya Karatay City Park for the access by disabled users and the concept of unimpeded life (Universal Design) was aimed. Social areas, transportation systems, and recreation areas, which provide services to users within the park, were examined onsite according to their functions by quantifying them in the context of the universal design criteria. As a result of the study, it was determined that the park did not meet the universal design criteria (UDC) in terms of transportation and circulation; also, the uses of social and recreation areas were observed not to comply with the universal design criteria. According to the disabled user’s preferences, solutions related to these subjects were proposed
Effect of genotype on proximate composition and biological yield of maize (Zea mays L.)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to study the proximate composition of five released maize varieties (Zea mays L.) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), which was popularly growing in Bangladesh namely BHM-5, BHM-8, BHM-13, BHM-15, and Barnali. There was none a single variety performed best in all nutrient parameters. Among these maize varieties, the highest grain weight of 100 seeds, and yield was found in BHM-15 (32.84g and 12.6 ton/ha). In the case of proximate analysis, the highest protein, ash, and fat content was recorded from BHM-15 (13.11%, 2.33%, and 5.44%), the highest carbohydrate content was recorded from BHM-13 (82.40%), and the highest amount of fiber was recorded from BHM-5 (2.07%). On the other hand, the lowest amount of carbohydrate and protein was recorded from BHM-15 (77.67%) and BHM-8 (10.96%), respectively. BHM-13 contained the lowest amount of fiber (1.24%) and fat (4.27%). Barnali and BHM-15 showed better performance for most of the minerals. The findings concluded that the different genotypes of maize differ substantially in their chemical and mineral compositions
Morphometric relationships between length-weight and length-length and condition factor of four small indigenous fishes from the Payra River, southern Bangladesh
Get PDFThe present study describes the length–weight (LWR) relationship, length– length (LLR) relationship, and condition factor (K) of four small indigenous fish species from the Payra River, southern Bangladesh, namely Mastacembelus pancalus, Lepidocephalus guntea, Salmostoma bacaila and Mystus vittatus. A total of 867 specimens, representing 4 species of 4 families used for this study were caught by traditional fishing gear from July to October 2018. Standard length (SL) and total length (TL) for each specimen were measured by digital slide calipers and each body weight (BW) was taken by a digital balance. The allometric coefficient b of the LWR was close to the isometric value (b=3.078 and 3.028) in M. pancalus and L. guntea respectively, although it suggested negative allometric growth in M. vittatus (b < 3.00), whilst positive allometric growth in S. bacaila (b > 3.00). All the LWRs were highly significant (P < 0.05) and most of the coefficients of determination values were ≥ 0.857. The results further indicated that the LLRs were highly correlated (r2 ≥ 0.939; P < 0.05). Fulton’s condition factor (K) by month basis ranged from 0.52 (in M. pancalus) through 1.89 (in M. vittatus). The results of this study can be very effective for stock assessment of this four species in Payra River as well as in the surrounding ecosystems
Value chain analysis of Allo (Girardinia diversifolia) in Solukhumbu district of Nepal
Get PDFAllo (Girardinia diversifolia) is a herbaceous perennial shrub found in subtropical and temperate regions of Nepal. The stem bark of Allo contains fibers with unique strength, smoothness, and silk-like luster. The fiber is used to make clothing since times immemorial. The fiber, thread, and woven clothes are commercially traded in a few districts of Nepal. Residents of hilly areas and ethnic groups have for centuries extracted and spun the fiber to weave durable jackets, porter headbands or straps, fishing nets, ropes, bags, mats, coarse clothing material, and blankets. Therefore, this study was conducted in Solukhombu district using focus group discussion, key informant interview with Allo collectors, and the rapid market survey was conducted with Allo processing enterprises as well as traders at regional to national market hubs in 2018. We found that the exploitation rate of Allo in the study area has been affecting the availability and sustainability of raw material in the natural habitat. This study suggested the need for sustainable management through domestication and proper harvesting technique
Assessment of the ichthyofaunal diversity in the Juri River of Sylhet district, Bangladesh
Get PDFThis study was conducted to assess the present status of ichthyofaunal assemblages in the Juri River of Fenchuganj upazila in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. Survey works were made in three different locations of the river during May to December, 2018 comprising direct fish catch observations, questionnaire interviews, focus group discussions with fishers, fish traders, aratders (wholesalers) and river bank community members, and key informant interviews with upazila fisheries officer, district fisheries officer, non-governmental organization officials, and local leaders. The results revealed that a total of 75 species of fishes under 25 families were available. Among these species 11 were commonly available, 32 were moderately available, 25 were less available, and 7 were rarely available. Cyprinidae was the leading family consisting of 27% of the total fish population of the study area. However, 10 vulnerable, 8 endangered and 1 critically endangered fish species were also found in small amount. During this study the highest number of species (61) was found in the catches in October and lowest number of species (22) was recorded in July. According to the perceptions of fishers and resource person degradation of habitat, climate change, and human activities are the triggering agents for declining ichthyofaunal diversity in this river. Therefore, this study recommends application of proper management measures including community participation to conserve the ichthyofaunal diversity and enhance fish production in the Juri River
A review on clubroot of crucifers: symptoms, life-cycle of pathogen, factors affecting severity, and management strategies
Get PDFClubroot is a devastating disease of crucifers throughout the world. It is caused by a soil-borne obligate phytoparasite, Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. Plant affected by this disease shows flagging of leaves, unthrifty growth, and even premature death. When uprooted, root shows characteristic symptom of hypertrophied club-shaped root system. Several biotic and abiotic factors affect the disease severity. Biotic factors include spore load in soil and virulence of pathogen, whereas abiotic factors generally include soil environmental factors such as soil temperature, soil pH, soil moisture, and soil type. Pathogen survives, for substantial period of time in absence of host, through its double-walled resting spores in soil or crop debris. Temperature affects spore germination, occurrence, and pathogen proliferation. Acidic soil reaction is crucial for pathogen to proliferate, metabolize, secret enzymes, and to complete life-cycle. All type of soil textures favor disease; however, severity differs with type of soil and soil organic matter content. Soil moisture provides platform to move bi-flagellated zoospores to infect root hairs of crops. Root hair infection is commensurate with inoculum density or spore load in soil. Immediate management strategies entail cultural practices, use of biocontrol agents, and application of chemical as last resort. Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Gliocladium catenulatum are potential biocontrol agents. Flusalfamide, Fluazinam, and Cyazofamid are some common chemicals used to control clubroot. Soil carried by farm implements, human body, irrigation water, and flood can be potential source of pathogen. The risk of clubroot can be reduced by ensuring phyto-sanitory measures, destroying host crop debris, regular scouting, growing resistant cultivars, avoiding acidic soil reaction, eliminating weedy hosts, and reducing soil movement
Influence of weeding regime on the performance of aromatic Boro rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from December 2013 to May 2014 to investigate the influence of weeding regime on the performance of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50). The experiment comprised nine treatments viz., un-weeded, one hand weeding at 20 DAT + pre-emergence herbicide after hand weeding, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT, pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 20 DAT, pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT, post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT, pre-emergence herbicide + post-emergence herbicide, pre-emergence herbicide + post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT and weed free throughout the growth period. Panida (pendimethalin) @ 2.5 L ha-1 as pre-emergence herbicide and granite (penoxsulam) @ 93.70 ml ha-1 as post-emergence were used for weed control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Thirteen weed species belonging to seven families were observed in the experimental field. The highest weed density and dry weight were observed in no weeding condition compared to other treatments. The tallest plant, the highest number of total tillers hill-1, number of effective tillers hill-1, total spikelets panicle-1, grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index were obtained from weed free treatment. The highest grain yield (5.92 t ha-1) was obtained from weed free throughout the growth period. Grain yield was reduced by 56.42% due to weed infestation in unweeded condition. The highest benefit-cost ratio (2.28) was obtained from application of pre-emergence herbicide followed by post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT. Therefore, weeding treatment pre-emergence herbicide followed by post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT may consider for cultivation of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50)