Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science
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Long-term fertilization effect on yield and land productivity of rice-wheat cropping system of Bangladesh
Get PDFA factorial study was carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University to determine the effect of long term fertilization on yield performance of T. aman rice and wheat. The experimental plot received different organic manures for the last 26 years (1988-2014). The organic manure cowdung, compost, green manure and rice straw were applied at the rate of 25, 25, 7.5 and 1.5 t ha-1, respectively in a yearly sequence. Three levels of nitrogen viz., 0, 75 and 100 kg ha-1for rice and 0, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 for wheat were applied. Application of nitrogen fertilizer along with organic manure significantly increased yield of rice and wheat .The highest rice grain yield was found in 2014 under the N75 and no manure treatment, which was 6.48 t ha-1 whereas grain yield of wheat was found maximum in 2008 from the interaction of N120 and rice straw application where yield was recorded 5.25 t ha-1. In rice-wheat cropping sequence, the plots that received no nitrogen, LPI value was less than 2 (0.80) in the observed years. When the plots were treated with nitrogen fertilizer showed LPI values > 2 in 2008, 2009, 2012 and 2013, which indicates the trend of higher productivity of land due to long term fertilization. The maximum sustainable yield index was found in rice (0.69)> wheat (0.40) with 100 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1 N treatment respectively. So, Long term fertilization strategy can be effective way to improve the yield, land productivity and sustainable yield index of rice and wheat through rescheduling the rates of organic and inorganic fertilizers that ensure balanced supply of plant nutrients
Determination of irrigation regime for hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) in dry-land areas of Wag- Himra, North Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Get PDFA field experiment to evaluate CROPWAT model estimations was conducted during the year 2014 and 2015 on Ziqualla and Abergelle. This field experiment was therefore conducted to determine net irrigation requirements and irrigation schedules of hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) using CROPWAT computer model and to validate using field trial. A split plot design with the main plot of water depth and subplot of irrigation frequency has been used. Three levels of water amount with (I1), (I2), and (I3) CROPWAT generated depth and three levels of irrigation frequency at (5), (7) and (9) days interval were used as a treatment. Additionally, one treatment farmer practice irrigation depth and interval has been used as a control. The experimental result showed that irrigation application of I1 CROPWAT generated depth at 5 days irrigation interval obtained a relatively higher and statistically significant marketable yield, water productivity on both Ziqualla and Abergelle. In terms of economic profitability, it was found that irrigation application I1 CROPWAT generated depth at 5 days irrigation interval had 7.7ton/ha and 6ton/ha economically yield advantageous associated that I2 CROPWAT generated depth with 7 days irrigation interval on Ziqualla and Abergelle, congruently. Considering the above results, irrigation application of I1 CROPWAT generated depth at 5 days interval was found economically feasible and recommended to improve crop and water productivity of the irrigation schemes by saving a significant amount of water for irrigating additional lands for hot pepper (C. annum) crop production both Ziqualla and Abergelle small-scale irrigation schemes
Screening of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines against salinity under field condition
Get PDFAn experiment was undertaken in order to screening wheat genotypes against salinity under field condition with 14 wheat genotypes including 6 check varieties. The genotypes were tested in saline soil where the salinity of the experimental field ranges from 1.5 to 10.3 dS/m during the cropping period. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the genotypes for all characters. Phenotypic and Genotypic co-efficient of variation was low for almost all the characters. Phenotypic co-efficient of variation ranged from 8.42 to 23.45 for plant height and yield respectively, while the highest genotypic coefficient of variation (18.90) was observed in yield and lowest (6.83) was found in seed per spike. All of the trait exhibited moderate to high heritability in broad sense (h2b) coupled with a wide range of genetic advance and genetic advance in percentage of mean. Heritability ranged from 37.64`to 91.14 for seed per spike and thousand seed weight respectively. Yield had significant positive correlation with spike length, spikelet per spike, seed per spike, thousand seed weight. On the other hand, yield was found to show a positive relationship with tiller per plant. Tiller per Plant, spikelet per spike, 1000 seed weight were responsible for reduction of yield per plant indirectly. Yield ranged from 1.14 ton/ha to 2.1 ton/ha. The present research work clearly demonstrated that based on field performance considering yield, the genotypes BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 is best and other some genotypes BAW 1182, BAW 1177 respectively showed their most effective performance on saline soil
Application of coconut shell charcoal and NPK fertilizer toward Acacia mangium growth on the soil of ex-limestone mining in Bogor, Indonesia
Get PDFLimestone mining is an activity that can cause damage and negative impact on the environment. Revegetation is needed to be done so that the damaged land condition can be returned in accordance with its designation. Acacia mangium is one of the species that can be used in revegetation of mining area. This study aims to increase the A. mangium growth response at the limestone mining land that can be used as a tool for consideration in revegetation activities. The design used in this experiment was a complete randomized design (CRD) factorial with 2 factors. The first factor was the application of coconut shell charcoal and the second factor was the application of NPK fertilizer. The results showed that the addition of coconut shell charcoal could give effect to the number of nodules with the best dose of 90 g and NPK fertilizer was able to give effect to the growth of diameter and the number of root nodules with the best dose of 15 g
Heavy metals toxicity of surface soils near industrial vicinity: A study on soil contamination in Bangladesh
Get PDFTangail district is more vulnerable to heavy metals contamination for industrialization in Bangladesh. Present study describe six heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb) in fifteen several sampling locations in industrial vicinity of Tangail district were determined. The concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in studied areas soils were observed 0.96–14.04, 0.71– 18.39, 1.02–34.44, 1.2–11.21, 0.44–3.31 and 2.01–28.86 mg/kg, respectively. There is representing a potential risk to the environment for presenting of these heavy metals in soils. This metals are generally toxic to soil and environment. They can persist in the environment for many years and have adverse effect to ecology. Certain indices like contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), source analysis, principle component analysis (PCA), and toxic units were calculated to determine environmental hazard caused by heavy metals in studied soils. Enrichment factors for the studied metals were in the descending order of Cd > As > Pb > Cu >Ni > Cr. The PLI values for studied metals, causes the Cd contamination in soil of Tangail district. Potential ecological risk (PER) showed low to very high risk to studied vicinity
Effects of plant spacing and nitrogen level on the green fodder yield of maize (Zea mays L.)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during December 2016 to February 2017 to investigate the effect of plant spacing and nitrogen level on growth parameters and green fodder yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment comprised three plant spacings viz., 35 cm × 10 cm, 35 cm × 20 cm, 35 cm × 30 cm and three nitrogen levels viz., 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that plant spacing, nitrogen levels and their interaction had significant effect on growth parameters and green fodder yield. The tallest plant (192.5 cm) was obtained at plant spacing 35 cm × 30 cm, while the highest fodder yield (61.13 t ha -1) of Z. mays was recorded at 35 cm × 10 cm spacing. In case of nitrogen level, the tallest plant (204.9 cm), the highest number of leaves plant -1 (12.22), the highest chlorophyll content in leaves (41.50) and the highest fodder yield (70.38 t ha -1) of Z. mays were recorded in 200 kg N ha-1. In case of interaction, the tallest plant (218.4 cm) of Z. mays was produced at spacing 35 cm × 30 cm along with 200 kg N ha-1. The highest fodder yield (78.01 t ha -1) of Z. mays was obtained at spacing 35 cm × 10 cm fertilized with 200 kg N ha-1 which was at par with spacing 35 cm × 20 cm fertilized with 200 kg N ha-1 and the lowest fodder yield (31.91 t ha -1) was obtained at spacing 35 cm × 30 cm along with 100 kg N ha-1. Therefore, spacing 35 cm × 10 cm fertilized with 200 kg N ha-1 appears as the promising practice for maize cultivation as fodder crop
Performance of Agribusiness Microfinance Institutions (MFIA) by using approach of Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) in district of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFThis investigation was aimed to analyze the performance of MFIA Rural Agribusiness Development Program in District of Gunungkidul. Program of Agribusiness Rural Enterprise Development aimed as stimulus that could developed into an MFIA for sustainable financing for farmers. The Agribusiness Microfinance Institution (MFIA) is the only financial institution established specifically to provide agricultural capital facilities in the countryside. This research was conducted at 65 of MFIA in District of Gunungkidul based on MFIA that had conducted the Annual Members Meetings (AMM) on January-March, 2018. Primary data collection was conducted through direct interviews using questionnaires with the manager of MFIA. Secondary data was obtained from the report of AMM 2017. The method used in this study was CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). Based on the four performance indicators in CIPP models, the results shown that the performance of MFIA in District of Gunungkidul in 2017 was included in the good criteria
Agronomic manipulation for adaptation of black rice cultivars in plain land environment to eliminate hidden hunger
Get PDFTwo field experiemtns were conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July 2016 to December 2016 to study the effect of cultivars, date of transplanting and fertilizer dose on the yield and quality of few hilly black rice cultivars. The experiment one consisted of two factors. Factor A: Varieties, viz., i) Galong se and ii) Gelong ni and Factor B: Planting date, viz., i) July 20, ii) August 5, iii) August 20, iv) September 5, v) September 20 and vi) October 5. The experiment two also consisted with two factors. Factor A: varieties, viz., i) Kongnam ene ii) Gelong se and iii) Nazirshail rice and Factor B: Fertilizer management viz., i) No fertilizer ii) 50% of recommended dose (RD) of fertilizers of a local aman rice variety, iii) 75% of RD of fertilizers of a local aman rice variety, iv) 100% of RD of fertilizers of a local aman rice variety, v) 125% of RD of fertilizers of a local aman rice variety and vi) 150% of RD of fertilizers of a local aman rice variety. Results revealed that among varieties, the black rice cultivar Gelong se was best grain yielding potential variety than three other rice varieties, of which two are black rice cultivars (Kongnam ene and Gelong ne) and another one is plain land white rice cultivar (Nizershail). Regarding time of transplanting it has been found that all the varieties gave higher yield when they were transplanted either on July 20 or August 05. The worst transplanting time was October 5 when lowest grain yield was obtained. From the nutritional view point, it has been found that all the three black rice cultivars got higher crude protein (%), crude fibre (%), ash (%), crude fat (%), Fe (ppm) and Zn (ppm) content over white rice cultivar. Therefore, it can be concluded that black rice could be incorporated in human diet and it would be a way of eliminating hidden hunger
Effectiveness of fulvic acid to the growth of Swietenia macrophylla King. with addition phosphate at post mining land in Indonesia
Get PDFMining activities would cause a decrease in carrying capacity and land function due to erosion, changes in soil structure, loss of vegetation, pollution, nutrient depletion and increasing Al3+ levels so that soil pH conditions will be low. This study aims to increase the Swietenia macrophylla King growth response at the gold mining land that can be used as a tool for consideration in revegetation activities. The design used in this experiment was a complete randomized design (CRD) factorial with 2 factors. The first factor was the application of fulvic acid (F0 = control, F1 = concentration of 2% (2 ml of fulvic acid plus 98 ml of water), F2 = 3% (3 ml of fulvic acid plus 97 ml of water), F3 = 5 % (5 ml of fulvic acid plus 95 ml of water) and the second factor was the application of phosphate fertilizer (P0 = 0 g / polybag, P1 = 10 g / polybag, P2 = 15 g / polybag and P3 = 20 g / polybag) were used for preparation of different treatments. The treatment of fulvic acid significantly affected the growth of S. macrophylla for parameters of diameter, total dry weight, and root dry weight of S. macrophylla. The single effect of phosphate fertilizer treatment had a significant effect on high growth, diametert, total wet weight, and total dry weight of S. macrophylla. The interaction of fulvic acid and phosphate fertilizer significantly affected the diameter, total dry weight and root dry weight of S. macrophylla. F2P3 treatment (3% fulvic acid and 20 g phosphate fertilizer is the best combination treatment. Therefore, application of fulvic acid and phosphate fertilizer on post mining soil improves soil fertility and decreases Al elements which are toxic to plants
First report on Apanteles ruidus, Wilkinson reared on Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) teak defoliator from India
Get PDFThe present investigation is based on the first report on Apanteles ruidus, Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), reported for the first time on teak defoliator Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) a serious pest of teak Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae) from Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. The investigation was carried out in the adjoining agro-forestry areas of Uttarakhand. The extensive collection of defoliator larvae from various forest trees species for laboratory rearing and emergence of Apanteles spp. The wasps were bred from parasitized larvae of H. puera in laboratory which were collected from teak forest, Thano range, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Presently studied species, A. ruidus may also be used as biological control agent against teak defoliator H. puera after determining its biological control potential, followed by developing their mass multiplication techniques. Thus, Apanteles species are vital larval parasitoids of several lepidopterous insect pests of economic importance to agricultural crops, commercial cash crops and forest tree species. Therefore, there are fare chances of its application against the insect pests of forest tree species without adverse effect on biodiversity