Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science
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Effects of variety and sowing dates on yield and yield attributes of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
No full textIdeal planting time, varietal and suitable cultivar is the most common problem facing by the sesame growers. Accordingly, a field trial was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Cumilla, from February to June 2023 to investigate the response of variety and sowing date on the yield and yield components of sesame. The experiments were based on two factors. Factor A: varieties (i) BARI Til-4 (V1), (ii) BARI Til-6 (V2) and (iii) Binatil-2 (V3) and Factor B: five sowing dates (i) 20th February (T1), (ii) 2nd March (T2), (iii) 12th March (T3), (iv) 22nd March (T4), (v) 2nd April (T5). The experiment was arranged as RCBD with three replications. Results indicated that major traits of sesame: yield and yield components were significantly influenced by variety, sowing date and their interaction The variety Binatil-2 showed higher values for number of capsules plant-¹ (69.7), capsule weight plant-¹ (118.01 g), number of seeds capsule-¹ (59.8), 1000-seed weight (2.28 g), seed yield (859.7 kg ha-¹) and biological yield (3658 kg ha-¹). Sowing of seed on 20th February led to maximum plant height (154.1 cm), capsules plant-¹ (78.4), 1000-seed weight (2.77 g), and seed yield (1205 kg ha-¹). Binatil-2 in interaction with 20th February sown gave maximum 1000-grain weight (3.06 g), seed (1463 kg ha-¹) and harvest index (24.47%) which was advantageous for its better performance under these conditions. Thus, selection of variety played a significant role in the capsule and seed yield of sesame as evidenced in Binatil-2 variety and needs to be grown for more sustainable sesame production
Response of variety and sulphur on yield attributes and yield of boro rice in Haor area of Bangladesh
No full textThe haor region of Bangladesh offers substantial scope to enhance boro rice productivity through improved soil nutrient management and adoption of high-yielding varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the interactive effects of rice variety and sulphur application on growth and yield performance under haor conditions. A field experiment was conducted at Dhoronti Haor, Nasirnagar, Brahmanbaria district of Bangladesh during January–April 2023 using four varieties—BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan29, BRRI dhan89, and Hira-2 (Hybrid)—and five sulphur levels (0, 55, 110, 165, and 220 kg S ha-¹) with recommended fertilizer doses. The experiment followed a split-plot design with three replications, assigning varieties to main plots and sulphur levels to subplots. Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) main and interaction effects of variety and sulphur on most growth and yield traits. The hybrid Hira-2 produced the highest filled grains panicle-¹ (323.0), panicle length (22.0 cm), thousand-grain weight (28.79 g), and grain yield (9.24 t ha-¹), whereas BRRI dhan28 showed the lowest performance. Sulphur application significantly improved yield attributes, with the optimum yield (7.42 t ha-¹) obtained at 165 kg S ha-¹, beyond which no further increase was observed. Variety × Sulphur interaction indicated that Hira-2 and BRRI dhan89 were most responsive to moderate sulphur levels, while BRRI dhan28 showed limited response. The integration of hybrid rice variety Hira-2 with an optimum sulphur rate of 165 kg S ha-¹ can substantially enhance grain yield and resource-use efficiency, offering a sustainable intensification strategy for the haor agroecosystem
Evaluation of Nano urea on growth and yield parameters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Chitwan, Nepal
No full textGranular urea has low nitrogen use efficiency and poses environmental risks. As a response, Nano urea is emerging as an innovative substitute. A field experiment conducted at Chitwan, Nepal to explored the effect of Nano urea on growth and yield parameters of cowpea, and its potential to substitute granular urea. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, with eight treatments and three replications: control, 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through granular urea, single and double spray of Nano urea at 0.2% and 0.4%, and combination of 50% of RDN with 0.2% and 0.4% Nano urea. Various growth and yield parameters such as plant height, canopy diameter, leaf area index, number of primary branches, pod yield, pod length, pod diameter, pod per plant were recorded, which were found significantly affected by the treatments. Results revealed that 50% RDN granular urea + NU (0.2%) recorded the highest canopy diameter (97.43 cm), primary branches (5.92) leaf area index (0.38), pod yield (12.59), and pods per plant (30.6), with single spray of 0.2% of Nano urea at flowering stage being the most effective. Therefore, the study demonstrated that Nano urea has potential to substitute 50% of conventional granular urea, contributing to sustainable cowpea production
Impact of agricultural subsidy on three cereal crops cultivated in Dailekh district, Nepal
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the impact of agricultural subsidies on the three primary cereal crops—rice, maize, and wheat in Dailekh district of Karnali province, Nepal and to evaluate the current status of subsidies, their impact on agricultural cultivation, and the variables affecting their allocation. The data was collected through a scheduled of semi-structured surveys and interviews from Narayan municipality of Dailekh district. Data was collected from 100 respondents, among them 60 were subsidy recipients and 40 were non-recipient, using a random sampling technique. A logistic regression model was used to determine the main factors affecting access to subsidies, such as gender, cooperative membership, farm size, and educational attainment. The results showed that the cost NPR 12,283 (90.94) on land preparation for rice cultivation; NPR 2,737 (20.26) on land preparation for maize cultivation, while NPR 7,010 (51.90) on land preparation for wheat cultivation was found to be significantly (p<0.01) different among the subsidy recipients and subsidy non-recipient’s farmers, respectively. Similarly, cost of seeds of rice, maize and wheat was also found to be significantly (p<0.05) different between the subsidy recipients and subsidy non-recipient’s farmers. The findings emphasize that targeted and effective subsidy programs should be required to increase the cereal production in Dailekh district of Nepal. Thus, policymakers should concentrate on enhancing marginalized farmer’s access to subsidies, guaranteeing distribution transparency, and launching training programs in order to optimize the advantages of agricultural support programs
Effect of different postharvest treatments on shelf life and quality of banana (Musa spp.) at Charikot, Dolakha, Nepal
No full textThis experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Rural Development Tuki Association, Charikot, Dolakha, Nepal to study the shelf life and physio-chemical parameters of banana. The design of the experiment was completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 3 replications with 7 destructive and 5 non-destructive samples. Samples were kept under different packaging materials. The treatments included as control, unperforated bag, perforated bag, unperforated bag with KMnO4, perforated bag with KMnO4, unperforated bag treated with CaCl2, perforated bag treated with CaCl2. The data were collected from the destructive and non-destructive sample in 2 days’ interval and MS-EXCEL and R-STUDIO was used for the data analysis. The highest physiological weight loss of banana was in control (23.33%)and lowest in unperforated polybag (0.66%), unperforated polybag with CaCl2 (0.73%), unperforated polybag with KMnO4 (1.53%) in 12 days after treatment. The highest shelf life of banana was in unperforated bags with KMnO4 (19 days) while the lowest shelf life was observed in control (9 days). The highest pulp to peel ratio was observed in control (2.23) while the lowest pulp to peel ratio was in unperforated bags with KMnO4 (1.46). The pH showed insignificant result and similarly TSS showed insignificant result till 6 DAT while control showed highest (14) and lowest was found in unperforated polybag with KMnO4 (9.33) and unperforated polybag (9.33) at 12 days after treatment. Thus, unperforated polybag with KMnO4 could be used to enhance post-harvest life of banana
Effect of different priming applications on seed germination and seedling growth of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
No full textAn experiment was conducted in IAAS, Lamjung to determine the effects of different priming treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of brinjal (var. Purple Long). The experiment was laid out under a single factor completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and five replications. The seeds of brinjal were primed with distilled water, 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG), 4% Mannitol, 2% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 100 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) which were compared with non-primed seeds as a control. The seeds of brinjal were primed by direct immersion for 24 hours and were dried for moisture equilibrium recovery after hydration. The result showed that GA3 priming significantly (p<0.05) reduced mean germination time and enhanced germination percentage of brinjal, root length, and vigor index than unprimed brinjal seeds. Priming with distilled water resulted good root length and greater fresh weight of brinjal than other primed and unprimed brinjal seeds. GA3 priming was found better than other treatments as compared to control. Thus, seed priming with GA3 would be beneficial for better seed germination and subsequent growth of seedlings in brinjal
Woody plant diversity and carbon sequestration in fruit agroforestry systems in the Guinean high savannah zone of Adamawa, Cameroon
No full textFruit agroforestry systems are important not only for improving human living conditions but also for natural resource management. The objective of this study was to assess the woody plant diversity and carbon stocks of fruit agroforestry systems in the Adamawa region. The methodological approach was based on floristic inventories. For this, plots measuring 50 metres long by 20 metres wide were explored. A total of 250 plots were set up, at a rate of 50 plots per division. Dendrometric parameters such as diameter at breast height, crown diameter, and tree height were measured. Carbon stocks were estimated using allometric equations. The study found that a total of 2986 individuals, grouped into 17 species, 14 genera, and 11 families, were recorded. The density of fruit trees varies from 60.8 stems/ha in the Faro-et-Deo division to 227 stems/ha in the Vina division. Fruit agrosystems show low diversity overall, but with higher diversity in Mayo-Banyo (H’ = 0.81 bits). M. indica (IVIE=163.5%), T. cacao (IVIE=49.61%) and P. americana (IVIE=48.71%) are the most important species. The most important families are Anacardiaceae (FIVI=160.88%), Rutaceae (FIVI=68.43%) and Lauraceae (FIVI=48.43%). The vegetation stands are distributed in an L-shape and bell-shaped pattern. The carbon sequestration potential is 209.13±114.35 tCO2eq/ha and the economic value is 2075043.42 CFA francs. Thus, fruit agrosystems are not very diverse but contribute to carbon storage in the fight against climate change. It would be necessary to encourage the establishment of fruit agrosystems to resolve environmental problems in Cameroon
Evaluation of different growing media on the growth and development of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings in the mid-hill region of Nepal
No full textThe experiment evaluating different growing media on the growth and development of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings in the mid-hill region of Nepal was conducted under polyhouse conditions using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and four replications in Tehrathum district. The treatments included various combinations of organic and inert components, i.e. soil, FYM, cocopeat, vermicompost, poultry manure, vermiculite, and perlite in different ratios. Parameters recorded included germination percentage, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, secondary root number, fresh weight, and dry weight at different growth stages. Results revealed significant differences among treatments for all parameters except for germination. All treatments demonstrated high and comparable germination rates, ranging from 92.66% to 96.66% with the highest germination recorded in T2 (cocopeat + soil, 4:1) at 96.66% and the lowest in T4 (vermicompost + poultry manure + soil, 1:1:2) at 92.66%. The combination of vermicompost + poultry manure + soil (1:2:1) i.e. T4 produced the most vigorous seedlings, with maximum seedling height (18.65 cm), leaf numbers (9.46), stem diameter (0.38 cm), fresh weight (2.47 gm), dry weight (0.27 gm), root length (86.12 cm) and secondary root numbers (13.87). Seedlings grown in T2 (Soil + cocopeat, 1:4) exhibited the poorest performance across all parameters, with significant differences at the 5% level of significance. The findings suggest that nutrient-rich organic growing media with proper aeration and moisture-holding capacity are optimal for nursery production of chilli in the mid-hill region of Nepal
Performance of rice variety Binadhan-12 as affected by nitrogen management practices under different submergence conditions
No full textAn experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the Aman (summer season) season from August to December to find out the effect of different N management practices on the performance of Binadhan-12 under submerged condition. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design where submergence levels were allocated in the main plots and nitrogen levels were distributed in sub plots with three replications. Four submergence levels (S0=Control, S1=Submergence up to 15 days after seedling establishment, S2 = Submergence up to 20 days after seedling establishment, S3 = Submergence up to 25 days after seedling establishment) and five Nitrogen levels (N0 = Control, N1 = 100 kg N ha-1 in 3 splits after submergence, N2 = 150 kg N ha-1 in 3 splits after submergence, N3 = 100 kg N ha-1 in 2 splits after submergence, N4 = 150 kg N ha-1 in 2 splits after submergence) were used as treatments. All the crop characters showed significant differences due to the application of nitrogen. When 150 kg N/ha was applied, it showed superior performance for all the crop characters and highest grain yield (2.82 t ha-1) was obtained from this treatment. In case of submergence level maximum yield (3.49 t ha-1) was obtained in no submergence condition. However, in submergence situation, the grain yield of 2.77 t ha-1 was obtained when 150 kg N/ha was applied with three equal splits until the plants were submerged for 15 days after submergence
Tomato production in Nawalparasi East district, Nepal: Socio-economic, marketing, institutional, and constraint analysis
No full textA survey was conducted to assess the socio-economics, marketing, institutional involvement and problems of the production of tomato in Nawalparasi East District, Nepal. Among the tomato farmers of Kawasoti Municipality - 17 and Madhyabindhu Municipality - 1, 94 farmers were selected for the survey. Data were collected through a household survey using a semi-structured questionnaire, and analyzed using Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics software. Various descriptive methods, like mean, standard deviation, and frequency, were used in the analysis of data and diagrams like bar graphs and charts for the visualization of the data. Cost, net return, gross return, and benefit-cost ratio were calculated to understand the economics of tomato production. The average cost of tomato production in the study site was NRs. 3,90,500.15 (2808.42 USD) per hectare. Human labour, fertilizer, and mulching were significant contributors to the cost of production of tomatoes. Similarly, net margin and benefit-cost ratio were found to be NRs. 127534.85 (917.21 USD) per hectare and 1.33. Producer → Wholesale Market → Retailer → Consumer was the most dominant, and 60 % of the farmers have received training for the production of tomatoes through different organizations. Also, 69 % of them were getting some kind of subsidy on seed, mulching, and irrigation facilities through different institutions. The major production and marketing problems were incidence of disease and pests, unavailability of quality seeds, high middleman margin, and price fluctuation. However, the study indicated that tomato production is a highly potential agricultural enterprise for the study area