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Coronavirus Outbreaks: Literature Review
Get PDFCoronaviruses are observed in birds and mammals and can be transmitted to humans, leading to outbreaks and pandemics. Among the most recent ones are SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID 19. Thus, the objective was to describe a discussion about coronaviruses, with an emphasis on Sars-Cov-2. From the data collected, it can be seen that the current pandemic has had impacts on public health and socioeconomic life in more than 170 countries worldwide, to date, with tens of millions of people infected and hundreds of thousands of deaths. In this regard, prevention actions must be intensified, especially among the most vulnerable patients (the elderly and those with comorbidities that affect immunity). In addition, new studies should be carried out so that vaccines and antivirals can be implemented for application to COVID-19
Awareness about Covid-19: A Study on Indian Academicians and Students
Get PDFThe Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak came to light when China informed the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of an unknown cause in Wuhan City of its Hubei province. On January 9, 2020, the WHO issued a statement saying Chinese researchers have made "preliminary determination" of the virus as a novel Coronavirus. It is becoming increasingly crucial for people to have awareness and knowledge about COVID-19, especially how the virus spreads, and the justification behind measures like social distancing. Especially in times of great anxiety, various conspiracy theories tend to sprout up, and, in response to health emergencies, several dubious ideas on medicine and treatment also come up. This study attempts to assess the knowledge and awareness among Indian citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study adopted a quantitative research method. It collects primary data by undertaking an online survey with the help of a well-structured questionnaire. The respondents were the Indian academicians and students. The survey attempts to assess their level of awareness regarding Covid19, hygiene practices, Government policies and Campaigns, and steps taken for its prevention. A total of 861 respondents participated in the survey. The study reveals that there is a significant gap in information source, poor knowledge levels, and discrepancies in perceptions of COVID-19 among the participants
Mothers’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Prevention of Dehydration in Children Under Five Years of Age: A Study in the Context of Sudan
Get PDFThe current study is about the performance of mothers regarding the prevention of dehydration in children under five years. In developing countries, diarrheal disease accounts for an estimated 17.5–21% of all deaths of children under the age of five years. Of all the child mortality around the world, 78% occur in the African and South-East Asian regions with the main complications of dehydration. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional. The study conducted at Eed Hussein in the Jabelawlia section, in the Alazhari unit, Khartoum state of Sudan. The study population includes the mothers having children under five years of age from different Sudanese tribes and ethnic groups. The sample size of the study was 80. A standard interview questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Collected data were coded and inserted in (SPSS) program version 20 for analysis. The data were presented in figures and tables. Mothers have some lack of knowledge regarding signs and symptoms, management and prevention of dehydration at home. Most mothers (90%) aren’t able to specify and respond by giving multiple signs. The study concludes that the mothers should be trained through community healthcare programs for better prevention and management of dehydration cases.
Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Klebsiella spp
Get PDFSilver nanoparticles (AgNP) can be incorporated into medical devices, such as tissues, to circumvent bacterial resistance such as Klebsiella spp, which can lead to skin and mucosal infections. Thus, the aim of the present study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles for later incorporation into cotton fabrics and in vitro tests against Klebsiella spp. The AgNP colloidal solution was synthesized (AgNO3 - 0.1 mM, 100 mM trisodium citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone - 0.24 g, H2OH2) and then impregnated into the cotton fabric pretreated with poly diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) of 100/500 tissue, shaken for 30 minutes). The material produced was analyzed by the FTIR; DLS and reflectance spectroscopy. The tests of the antimicrobial activities were by the microdilution technique against Klebsiella spp, in tubes containing Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), with the solution of silver (1); Tissue containing AgNP - 4 mm (2); Negative control (3) and positive control - ceftriaxone (4). Regarding MIC, the inhibitory activity occurred of the dilutions between 1/2 and 1/16. The AgNP particles had an average size of 24.75 nm. As synthesized AgNPs demonstrate the excellent antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella spp, with special emphasis on applications in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, targeting multiresistant antibiotic bacteria
Review of Bovine Brucellosis and Its Public Health Significance
Get PDFBrucellosis is an infectious zoonotic bacterial disease caused by a member of the genus Brucella. The disease affects both animals and human beings resulting in a serious economic loss in the animal production sector and deterioration of public health. Bovine brucellosis is highly prevalent and has significant economic and zoonotic implications for the rural communities in consequence of their traditional lifestyles, feeding habits, and disease patterns. The possible sources of infections include all infected tissues, aborted fetuses, vaginal discharges, and potentially contaminated materials. The nature of the pathogenesis of the diseases lies in the presence of the bacteria in the cells and employing various methods to survive in the phagocytic cells. The disease can be transmitted from an infected host to susceptible animals in direct and indirect contact. Various methods are employed for the diagnosis of brucellosis including microscopic examination, culture methods, serological and molecular biology. The public health importance of brucellosis is much related to the infected animal species from which human transmission occurs. The economic importance of brucellosis depends upon the species of animal affected. It can cause considerable losses in cattle as a result of abortion and a reduction in milk yield. The most rational approach for control of Brucella abortus infection is by vaccinating young female animals. To deal with diseases like brucellosis, the public in general and high-risk groups, in particular, should be made aware of the zoonotic and economic importance of brucellosis through veterinary extension education