Defence Life Science Journal
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Target Detection Its Relation with Individual and Target Features
Get PDFThe phenomenon of target detection is studied. Explored its correlates using the technique of Narrative Overview. The phenomenon of target detection begins with the process of visual search. The saliency of the targets, acts as a factor to make the search efficient. The processing of the stimulus (using Bottom-Up and Top-Down approaches) is achieved by the engagement of personal characteristics of the individual like cognitive ability and perceptual speed. The role of these individual processes and their interaction with each other to help achieve target detection is the focus of the present study. The tests designed to measure these individual processes are also liste
Toxicity Assessment of Biologically Degraded Product of Textile Dye Acid Red G
Get PDFAzo dyes are of environmental concern due to their recalcitrant nature. Several azo dyes and their decolorized and degraded products exert toxic and mutagenic effects on the flora and fauna. The toxic properties of these azo dyes are due to nature and position of the substitution with respect to the aromatic rings and amino nitrogen atoms. Several studies have thus far been emphasized on biodegradation of azo dye pollutants, though role of their biodegraded product is rarely studied. Given a lack of this understanding, we have analyzed the effects of degraded products of a di-azo textile dye Acid Red G by newly isolated bacterial species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PFK10 and Brevibacillus choshinensis PFK11. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Acid Red G and their degraded products were tested on HeLa cell line and Human lymphocyte cell, respectively. The data of MTT assay has been shown that activity of degraded products of the Acid Red G were comparable to their parent dye. But chromosome aberration assay and sister chromatid exchange assay did not show any significant changes in chromosomes as compared to positive control mitomicine
Preservative Efficacy of Illicium verum Hook in Fruit Juices
Get PDFFruit juices contain all essential nutrients that help in maintaining the health of human beings. However, fruit juices are easily spoiled by the growth of microorganism. Hence, the current investigation has been focused to examine the preservative potential of Illicium verum against microorganisms isolated from juices. Organic and aqueous extracts of I. verum fruits were accessed for their antimicrobial efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against selected microbes. Among the different solvents, acetonic extract was observed to be the most excellent solvent extract and the least MIC was 0.39 mg/ml. Hence, acetonic extract of I. verum has a biopreservative efficacy
Interaction of Radiofrequency Radiation with Biological Systems: A Comprehensive Update on Recent Challenges
Get PDFRapid advancement of radiofrequency (RF)-driven technologies has greatly affected our everyday lives. Increasing evidence led by in-vitro, in-vivo studies, epidemiological and clinical trials indicates that RF interacts considerably well with biological systems in various ways depending on different exposure parameters and properties of biological materials. Besides their innumerable benefits in different sectors of commercial and military fields, they can induce alterations in many physiological functions of the body, which may culminate into adverse human health consequences. The present article explicitly addresses the RF-based technologies and their applications, fundamentals of RF energy interaction with biological systems, exposure parameters, and dosimetry studies along with thermal and non-thermal effects on different vital organs at molecular and cellular levels. Further, this article outlines the limitations of RF-induced biological effect studies, status of risk assessment, safety levels and its future perspectives
Effect of Storage Temperature on Bio efficacy of Aqueous Extract of Ganoderma lucidum
Get PDFStability testing is key requirement in the drug development process along with storage temperature which may deteriorate bio-constituents and efficacy of natural products. Aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum has revealed pharmacological effects against high altitude stressors and has potential for mitigating high altitude maladies. In the present study, the extract of Ganoderma lucidum was stored at different storage conditions such as room temperature, 4 °C and -20 °C for two year and qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-constituents and bio-efficacy was carried out. No significant change was observed in any extract kept in different temperature conditions in terms of its polysaccharide, phenolic and flavonoids content. The extract kept at room temperature absorbed slight moisture in few samples but no change in overall polysaccharide, phenolic and flavonoids content was recorded. The moisture absorption problem was not observed in extracts stored at 4 °C and -20 °C. The bio-efficacy of the extract at room temperature, 4 °C or -20 °C were comparable to the freshly prepared extract and the data from the studies suggest that extract has good shelf life up to two year without loss of bio-efficacy. Overall, the extract retained its bio-efficacy for two years at different temperature storage conditions
Synthesis and Characterisation of Ligand Free Cadmium Imprinted Polymer for Sensing of Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution
Get PDFCadmium(II)-imprinted polymer [Cd(II)-IIP] was synthesized without using the conventional complexing ligand to reduce unnecessary step for complexing Cd(II). During synthesis of Cd(II)-IIP, the complete removal of Cd(II) from the polymer was confirmed using EDAX and AAS. Synthesized polymers ([Cd(II)-IIP], non-imprinted polymer (NIP) and polymer with cadmium (CdP) were also characterized and compared. SEM analysis of Cd(II)-IIP indicated the changes in surface morphology after imprinting, the polymer looked like a flaky material in comparison with NIP and CdP. BET surface area of Cd(II)-IIP (68 m2/g) was found to be more than that of NIP (24.6 m2/g) and CdP (17 m2/g). Cd(II)-IIP formed a complex with Cd(II) in the solution through carbonyl oxygen of the acrylamide as confirmed by FTIR. TGA analysis showed less char yield for Cd(II)-IIP than NIP. Cd(II)-IIP was further explored for the fabrication of ion selective electrode (ISE), which on binding with Cd(II) gave higher potential than NIP-ISE. Interference study was also performed using Cd(II)-IIP as such and also with fabricated ISE with Cd(II)-IIP using different cations such as Pb(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Hg(II), and found that imprinted polymer showed more selectivity towards Cd(II) in aqueous solutions
Simultaneous Sachharification and Fermentation of Rice Residues and its Comparative Analysis for Bioethanol Production
Get PDFEnergy consumption has inflated steadily over the last century because the world population has fully grown and additional countries became industrialised. Bioethanol is an alcohol produced by fermentation of plant biomass, containing carbohydrate and its production depends upon feedstock availability, variability, and sustainability. The selection of feedstock and its pretreatment is an important part of bioethanol production process. In present work, the exploration of the potential of agro-waste rice residues such as, rice bran and rice husk was done, because it contains sufficient amount of carbohydrate which can be ferment into bioethanol. The aim of the research was also to investigate how different pretreatment methods with moderate conditions differ in hydrolysis and fermentation efficiencies. Pretreatment plays an important role in the hydrolysis of cellulose and lignocellulose. It was found that biological pretreatment was a most effective method in terms of production of bioethanol and it enhances the production as well as fermentation efficiency
Growing Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) under Low-input System in Arid trans-Himalayan Ladakh, India
Get PDFFeasibility of growing muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), a warm season crop, was studied under a low-input cultivation system in open field condition in high altitude (elevation 3344 m) trans-Himalayan Ladakh region. The marketable yield of five cultivars in different treatments varied from 5.4±0.4 t.ha-1 to 18.8±1.7 t.ha-1 and 4.0±0.2 t.ha-1 to 15.8±1.0 t.ha-1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Treatment of black polyethylene mulch (BPM) increased marketable yield by 25 per cent to 155 per cent depending on year and cultivar. The marketable yield of the best performing cultivar (Pusa Madhuras) under BPM was 17.3 t.ha-1, which suggested that muskmelon can successfully be grown in open field condition in trans-Himalaya. The fruit become ready for harvest in mid-August. Number of fruit per plant ranged from 2.3 to 6.3, and TSS ranged from 8.9 to 14.1 °Brix depending on cultivar. Temperature 10 cm beneath the BPM was 2.9±0.4 ºC higher than in bare soil. BPM reduced 74 per cent weed and save 77 per cent time in manual weeding
Occupational challenges in extreme environment
Get PDFEnsuring the nutritional security of combatants guarding the extreme altitudes along the Himalayan frontiers remains a daunting task owing to the harsh cold desert climatic conditions, landlocked terrain and sparse vegetation. These cold arid regions are characterized by rugged topography, extreme temperature variations, low precipitation, high wind velocity, thin atmosphere with high UV-radiation and fragile ecosystem. The Defence Life Science Journal decides to bring out a special issue on the theme ‘Cold Arid Agro-Animal Technologies’ focusing on the significance of agro-animal technologies for nutritional security of the soldiers deployed in inhospitable environments as well as the local population who have been living and thriving in these harsh conditions of high altitude