Walter Sisulu University
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Citizens’ Perspective on the Effect of Court Sentencing and Preferred Crime Reduction Strategies in Mthatha Judicial Area, South Africa
Get PDFThis study explored the citizens’ perspectives on the potency of court sentencing on crime control in the Mthatha policing area of South Africa. It gathered citizens’ views on effective crime reduction strategies. The study comes against a background of an upsurge in crime within South Africa and in the Mthatha policing precinct, in particular. A survey was used to gather data on a sample of 90 purposefully sampled residents of the Mthatha area. The fact that offenders get a chance to renew their lives while they are in prison topped the list of effects of court sentencing, followed by the finding that when criminals are sentenced, their criminal behaviour gets worse. The preventive and deterrent effect of court sentencing was also confirmed in this study. As regards crime prevention, respondents mainly favoured primary and secondary crime prevention techniques, which are more proactive, as shown by the majority’s support of early childhood interventions. Early childhood positive socialisation is therefore recommended as the key sustainable mechanism for the future prevention of criminal behaviour in South African society on a long-term basis
A New Method for Finding Lie Point Symmetries of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Get PDFThe traditional algorithm for finding Lie point symmetries of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) faces challenges when applied to first-order ODEs. This stems from the fact that for first order ODEs, unlike higher-order ODEs, the determining equation lacks derivatives, rendering it impossible to decompose into simpler PDEs to be solved for the infinitesimals. Consequently, a common technique for determining Lie point symmetries of first-order ODEs involves making speculative assumptions about the form of the infinitesimal generator. In this study, we propose a novel and more efficient approach for finding Lie point symmetries of first-order ODEs and systems of first-order ODEs. Our method leverages the inherent connection between first-order ODEs and their corresponding second-order counterparts derived through total differentiation. By exploiting this connection, we develop a systematic algorithm for determining Lie point symmetries of a wide range of first-order ODEs. We present the algorithm and provide illustrative examples to demonstrate its effectiveness
Tracing the Footprints of Enviromental Education in Teacher Education: A Review of Pre-Service Teachers Training in Universities
Get PDFEnvironmental education is an important aspect of pre-service teacher education as it helps to equip future teachers with the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes to effectively integrate environmental education into their teaching practice. Itisessential to provide pre-service teacherswith the professional skills necessary to become environmentally literate individuals and educators. This study aimedto critically assess thefootprints of Environmental Education within the pre-service teachers'curriculum in universities and collegesof education.A thorough search of references anddatabases turned up 8550 academic articles and records, of which 19 satisfied the requirements for inclusion in a comprehensive analysis of Environmental Education in pre-service professional education. PRISMA technique was employed to demonstrate how data was collected sequentially and logically for the systematic review. The findings of the study among othersincludea lack of qualifiedlecturers in the field of environmental education at the facultiesof educationanda lack offramework for the teaching and learning of environmental education in most of the universitiesused for the analysis.Italso emerged thatthere is a lack of clarity of EE curriculum structure in the teacher trainee universities. The study recommendedthatall teacher trainee universities and colleges shouldmake environmental educationcompulsory modulesfor all pre-service teachers and Universities should organize workshops and capacity-building programs to equip teacher educators
Primary Health Care Providers Views on Managing Substance Use Among People Living with HIV
Get PDFThe growing culture of substance use among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) is a serious threat to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. As the gatekeepers of comprehensive care, primary care providers are responsible for screening, assessing, and managing individuals who use substances..
A Review of Published Research in the South African Family Practise - A Clarion Call to Action
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Some Fixed-Point Theorems of Convex Orbital(α,β)- Contraction Mappings in Geodescic
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to broaden the applicability of convex orbital (α,β)-contraction mappings to geodesic spaces. This class of mappings is a natural extension of iterated contraction mappings. The paper derives fixed-point theorems both with and without assuming continuity. Furthermore, the paper investigates monotone convex orbital (α,β)-contraction mappings and establishes a fixed-point theorem for this class of mappings
Preparing Student Teachers Through Physical Education Teaching and Learning: A Study in One Rurak University of the Eastern Province
Get PDFThe findings from this study indicated that the programmes of student teacher education are not implemented in totality as there is no module for Physical Education (PE) in the programmes of study in the Faculty of Education. This study aimed at investigating the preparation of student teachers through PE teaching and learning in one rural university of the Eastern Cape Province. PE teaching and learning for student teachers at a higher education institution means preparing futureteachers in totality to acquire vibrant and active public schools. This study used a qualitative research methodology where data was collected from fifteen (15) participants composing of five (05) B Ed Foundation Phase Teaching student teachers, five (05) Postgraduate (PGCE) student teachers and five (05) lecturers from the Faculty of Education. Semi structured interviews were used as instruments of data collection. Participants for the study were selected through purposive sampling because of their defining characteristics about the knowledge of the problem under study. The study concludes that it is awkward to train and develop student teachers for public schools without the knowledge of PE teaching and learning. There is a recommendation to infuse training of student teachers in PE, henceforth, as novice teachers get employment at schools, they are allocated among other duties, extra mural activities such sport
Relationship of Indoor Particulate Matter and Lung Function in Children from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Get PDFBackground. There is a dearth of information on the relationship between indoor air pollution and lung function, especially among sub-Saharan African children. Objective. To assess the relationship between indoor particulate matter (PM) and lung function in children living in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (SA). Methods. This cross-sectional study included 540 children aged 10 - 14 years and was conducted between May and September 2016. PM from 23 classrooms was measured with a handheld particle counter and lung function was assessed with a handheld spirometer. Results. Mean (standard deviation) PM5 levels were higher (109.96 (75.39) μg/m3 ) than PM10 (84.84 (63.28) μg/m3 ) and PM2.5 (39.45 (26.38) μg/m3 ). PM2.5, PM5 and PM10 correlated negatively
Exploring teachers’ classroom management strategies to enhance teaching and learning in Gauteng Province
Get PDFClassroom management strategies in teaching and learning are still a challenge in most high schools. The study investigates how classroom management strategies can be enhanced towards effective teaching and learning in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The research is lenses within an interpretive paradigm and was conducted using a qualitative approach, and a case study research design was employed. The study employed purposive sampling to select relevant participants from high schools. The participants consisted of twelve teachers from three chosen schools in Gauteng Province in the Ekurhuleni North District. Each school had four teachers as participants, making a total of twelve participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit information from the participants. Content analysis was applied to analyze and evaluate the data from the conducted semi-structured interviews. The findings were as follows: teachers' ineffectiveness affects classroom management, especially when there is a lack of planning, poor time management, and poor relationship between the learners and teachers. It is suggested that teachers need to take charge of knowing what roles to play, such as being the controller, assessor, and organizer in the classroom setting. Recommendations were made to address the implementation of classroom management strategies in the classroom, whereby active teaching and learning need to take place in the schools. Therefore, it is possible for teachers to successfully implement classroom management by always being flexible, such as being able to read the classroom environment, implementing necessary discipline measures without attracting attention to themselves or interrupting the class session, and prioritizing professionalism always.Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Education, 202
The relationship between trade opennes and government size in South Africa
Get PDFThe relationship between trade openness and government size has drawn interest in the domains of public policy and economics. To add to this discourse, the current study conducts an empirical analysis using annual data covering the years 1994 to 2020, focusing on South Africa as the case study. By analysing the complex dynamics between trade openness and government size, this study aims to offer an insightful analysis of the economic landscape and shed light on the implications for government policies. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was utilized in the study, allowing for a thorough analysis of the short- and long-run relationship between trade openness and government size. The empirical findings indicate a substantial positive relationship between trade openness and government size. Moreover, the Granger causality demonstrates that trade openness and government size in South Africa have a unidirectional causal relationship, which further solidifies this relationship, aligning with theoretical literature's compensation hypothesis. Based on the findings indicating a substantial and positive relationship between trade openness and government size, as well as the Granger causality research supporting the compensation hypothesis, certain policy implications emerge. To optimize economic outcomes in South Africa, policy-makers could focus on implementing trade liberalization policies to reduce barriers and promote free trade agreements, facilitating economic integration and access to new markets. Additionally, attention to prudent public expenditure management becomes crucial, ensuring that increased government size is accompanied by efficient allocation of resources to foster economic growth and development.Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economics and Financial Sciences, 202