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How “diagnostic” criteria interact to shape synesthetic behavior: the role of self-report and test-retest consistency in synesthesia research.
No full textIn the past few decades, researchers have established synesthesia as a genuine phenomenon, identified its characteristics (in particular, its automatic, specific and consistent nature), and developed “gold standard” inclusion criteria for research: synesthetes are participants that self-report synesthetic experiences and have consistent (beyond a “cutoff” score) inducer-to-concurrent pairings. While this approach has significantly advanced scientific progress, it can confuse interpretation of research findings due to its inherent circularity: consistency will always appear to be a defining characteristic of synesthesia so long as it is also an inclusion criterion for synesthesia studies. Here, we aim to clarify the relationship between self-report and consistency in “diagnosing” synesthesia. In four experiments, we find that: (1) the optimal consistency cutoff score differs across languages; (2) self-reported synesthetes that “fail” consistency tests can still behave like synesthetes – to our knowledge the first objective evidence that “inconsistent synesthesia” is a genuine phenomenon; (3) Using self-report as the sole inclusion criterion does not significantly change the effect size of two measures of synesthetic behavior (the synesthetic Stroop and synesthetic color Palette); and (4) Consistency influences Stroop effect size in self-reported synesthetes only, but influences the Palette in both synesthetes and non-synesthete controls. We conclude that (in certain cases) self-report alone is a sufficient diagnostic criterion for synesthesia, and that synesthesia studies can increase explanatory power by using raw consistency scores as a covariate in analyses, rather than as an inclusion criterion
Supplementary Material: Impact of Minimal Self Disorders on Naturalistic Episodic Memory in First-Episode Psychosis and Parallels in Healthy Individuals with Schizotypal Traits
No full textVideos illustrating the virtual reality experimental set-up used in the Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (Memory, Brain, and Cognition Lab) for the study presented in the paper:
Yeh, D., Penaud, S., Gaston-Bellegarde, A., Scoriels, L., Krebs, M.-O., & Piolino, P. (2024). Impact of Minimal Self Disorders on Naturalistic Episodic Memory in First-Episode Psychosis and Parallels in Healthy Individuals with Schizotypal Traits. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1469390. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.146939
The importance of the dentist in the early diagnosis of leukemia: a scoping review.
No full textLeukemia is a malignant disease that often leads to systemic and oral manifestations. Dentists play a critical role in the early diagnosis of leukemia, as the oral cavity frequently presents some of the first signs of the disease, including spontaneous gum bleeding, gingival enlargement, oral ulcers, and recurrent infections. By recognizing these symptoms during routine examinations, dentists can identify potential underlying systemic conditions like leukemia. Timely referral to medical professionals for further investigation allows for early diagnosis and intervention, which can significantly improve patient outcomes. Therefore, the dentist’s role in detecting oral manifestations is crucial in facilitating early diagnosis and improving the prognosis of leukemia patients
PRESS
No full textClinical trials are important, but recruiting and retaining participants is challenging. Fewer than half of all trials meet recruitment goals, wasting time, money, and effort for both researchers and participants. Poor retention, when participants drop out prematurely, weakens trial results. Recruitment and retention problems delay the timely development of effective treatments.
We have undertaken systematic reviews, which found a lack of high-quality evidence for guiding recruitment and retention decisions. To address this, we propose using Study Within A Trial (SWAT) methods. A SWAT is an evaluation done in another trial and can test how effective strategies for recruiting and retaining participants are. We have identified priority recruitment and retention SWATs, based on frequency of strategy use, existing evidence, and research priorities.
Two of the priority questions focus on testing patient and public involvement (PPI) strategies for participant recruitment and retention. Our previous research highlights PPI’s importance, yet more high-quality research is needed to understand its impact on recruitment and retention.
Our aim is to create clear plans, called protocols, for these PPI-focused questions. We will also develop resources to support researchers doing these and the other prioritised SWATs. These protocols and resources will be made available to other researchers. Each protocol will give clear guidance on the strategy being tested, outcome measures, and will be supported by resource packs to facilitate SWAT conduct.
Our work will speed up the evidence about what works and doesn’t work for recruiting and retaining participants, leading to faster discoveries of better treatments
Introduction to Data Management Plan: Specifics of Data in the Arts and Humanities
No full textTraining by Deborah Thorpe about DM
A Systematic Review of Sport for Development and Peace Reviews
No full textIntroduction: In the last decade, Sport for Development (SFD) and Peace (SDP) reviews have seen an increase in published review research to explore the potential of sport as a vehicle for development to attain Sustainable Development Goals among others. Some reviews have been conducted on several related themes, but to date, no attempt has been made to evaluate and scrutinize review contributions in this field. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of SFD/SDP reviews to provide a complete and updated picture of the field of research.
Methods: A scoping-systematic review using PRISMA-ScR guidelines was used to identify reviews published on SFD/SDP since 2000. After applying strict inclusion criteria in 8 languages, including grey literature, 21 reviews were identified through database searches in Scopus, SPORTDiscus, ScieLO, SocINDEX, ProQuest, PsyCINFO and Google Scholar. Experts from the field were consulted, mapping of authors and overlapping of studies were conducted and the quality of reviews was assessed.
Findings: Findings highlighted diverse thematic focuses, including those aligned with SDGs such as health promotion, gender equality, and educational outcomes, alongside novel areas such as managerial implications and critical pedagogy. Despite the wealth of research, consensus on sport’s developmental potential remains elusive, hindered by methodological limitations and a dearth of quality assessments. Moreover, the dominance of English publications underscores a need for linguistic inclusivity, while reevaluating terminology and expanding disciplinary engagement can enrich and globalize the discourse. Critical reflection is warranted on the historical context of SFD/SDP, moving beyond colonial narratives to embrace diverse development paradigms, including intra-European perspectives.
Conclusion: The field of SFD/SDP seems to need initiatives that focus on bottom-up approaches, with long-term monitoring, evaluation of changes over time, attention to cultural contexts and local participation. It also necessitates a rigorous revision of methodologies to better elucidate the multi-level impact of sport-based initiatives on achieving developmental objectives, and to bring in the viewpoints of other disciplines to gain a more complex understanding of the SFD/SDP field
Individual differences in the simulation of future events
No full textRoles of visual vividness and spontaneous imagery in future event thinking and autobiographical memory is a PhD project conducted by Claudia Morales Valiente, MSc, under the supervision of Dr. Ken McRae
British Heatwave Discourse (1985 – 2023): From Ice Cream to Armageddon?
No full textHow has public discourse about climate change evolved? This paper answers this question through the paradigmatic case of British heatwaves. These are traditionally considered a fortunate break from dull weather, making them a least likely case for the emergency of a discourse of doom. With a topic-modeling analysis of British national newspaper articles on heatwaves from 1985 until 2023 (N = 35,127), we show that a longstanding Romantic heatwave discourse eventually buckled, and that Apocalypticism finally became the dominant genre in the last decade. A supplementary hermeneutic analysis then indicates and explains complexity within this broad trend. 1980s stories already noted routine heatwave problems, while many recent ones continue depicting positive lifestyle implications. Within the Apocalyptic genre itself climate change is today deemed a factual causal force, whereas in the 1980s and 1990s it was a possible carrier of future dangers. In connecting the genre perspective from literature theory to to the big data method topic modelling, our approach is parsimonious, novel and replicable in other national contexts
Comprehensibility of Personality Measures
No full textStudy Description: In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; APA, 2013), an Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) was proposed that considers the severity of impairment in personality functioning (Criterion A) and elevations in five pathological personality traits (Criterion B) as the primary diagnostic criteria. The present study examined whether self-report measures of personality impairment are longer, more complex, difficult, and require more introspection than items from measures of pathological personality traits. Participants from two undergraduate university research pools (N = 460) completed two measures of personality impairment and one measure of pathological personality traits. For all measures, participants rated item difficulty and introspection needed to answer each item. Additionally, the study compared the readability statistics of each measure automatically calculated by Microsoft Word. Results indicated that personality trait measures were significantly easier to read than personality impairment measures, and that answering personality trait items required less perceived introspection compared to personality impairment items; however, no significant differences were found in the perceived difficulty of items across measures. These results provide the first empirical examination of differences between personality trait and impairment measures in terms of readability statistics and participant perceptions of difficulty of items and required introspection.
Data, materials, and code are available under Files.
Code: Please start on line 139 of the syntax provided as item level data is not made available.
Data: The file titled "Codebook" provides information about each data file made available. The data available can be directly imported into R using the syntax provided.
Materials: The Qualtrics survey available for reference
UCD-MyoVerse-Hand-1. Upperlimb electromyogram hand gesture data.
No full textThis dataset provides electromyogram (EMG) data collected from 91 demographically diverse individuals as they perform 10 different hand gestures