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Development of the Digital Competencies for Applied Psychological Practitioners (DCAPP) scale .
No full textScoping Review: Screening for Smoking-related Cancers
No full textA rapid review of available evidence on the accuracy and effectiveness of screening interventions for selected smoking-related cancers. These cancers include lung, bladder, kidney, oral, and pancreatic cancers. The findings of this review will inform the development of a conceptual model for a health economic evaluation of combined cancer screening strategies for high-risk individuals
Applying Diversity Measures to the Analysis of Verbal Behavior
No full textThis study explores the use of diversity indices, typically employed in ecological studies, to measure verbal behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. By drawing comparisons between species richness and abundance, we applied Shannon entropy and beta diversity measures to assess the diversity and distribution of a verbal repertoire over time. This analysis utilized the outcomes of three verbal operant experimental analyses that use a multi-element design to test for the occurrence of four elementary verbal operants. Using archival data, diversity measures were then used to conduct a detailed analysis of the richness and evenness of verbal responses. The results demonstrate that beta diversity and Shannon entropy effectively capture the richness and distribution of the verbal repertoire over time. These findings suggest that diversity indices can provide a robust framework for assessing language development and the effectiveness of interventions. This research underscores the importance of integrating ecological diversity models into behavioral science to better understand complex human behaviors like language. Future applications of this method may allow for more complex analysis of verbal behavior within and across individuals and interventions
Pain and value-based decision-making: An introduction and implications for neuroeconomics
No full textPain is central to numerous clinical conditions and is the main reason that individuals seek medical treatment. Although pain involves subjective decisions and the psychophysics and neural basis of pain have been studied for decades, few have applied neuroeconomic approaches to the study of pain and its modulation. In this chapter, we provide an introduction to pain for those in the field of neuroeconomics. We focus on acute pain, which can be experimentally manipulated and studied using neuroscience tools. We first review aspects of pain-related decisions and the circuits that support different aspects of pain. We then discuss the common neural pathways that support pain and reward, as well as evidence of their interactions. Next, we introduce how pain might be viewed from a neuroeconomic perspective, focusing on the value of pain. Finally, we address hypotheses and outstanding questions for those at the intersection of pain and neuroeconomics. By providing this introduction, our goal is to inspire a new generation of studies that bridge neuroeconomics and pain to tackle critical challenges such as those brought about by the opioid epidemic
Gender comes first: Experimental evidence for the representation of gender closer to the noun stem than number across linguistic populations
No full textMorphosyntactic expression exhibits significant cross-linguistic variation, yet systematic tendencies emerge. Gender and number features are frequently co-expressed within a single exponent, and when realised separately, gender morphology tends to surface closer to the stem. Competing theoretical accounts of gender and number seek to explain these tendencies, but empirical validation remains challenging due to sparse typological data. Across a series of artificial language learning experiments, we demonstrate that learners exhibit a robust preference for placing nominal morphology encoding gender information closest to the stem. This bias, consistent across English, Italian, and Kîîtharaka speakers, holds both for prefixing and suffixing morphology, and across different types of gender and number systems.These results provide a new source of empirical support for theories proposing a gender-first derivation and highlights cognitive constraints influencing morpheme order
Advancing observational research on arts and health: theory-informed approaches using the RADIANCE framework
No full textIn the last decade, there has been increasing observational research into the impacts of arts and cultural engagement on health, drawing on the surprisingly rich phenotyping of these behaviours in observational studies. This, alongside a broader growing evidence base, has led to recent calls from the World Health Organisation for the arts to be formally recognised as a health behaviour. However, access to the arts is not equitable, so a key challenge in observational research is disentangling any causal effects from this social gradient in engagement. In this paper, we consider five of the key methodological challenges in epidemiological research on arts and health and propose solutions by combining causal inference approaches with a new theoretical framework on the determinants of arts and cultural engagement (RADIANCE), which uses a socio-ecological approach to identify multi-level factors influencing patterns of arts behaviours. We end with recommendations for researchers incorporating questions on arts and cultural engagement within the design of longitudinal cohort studies
