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Separating Mode and Selection Effects in Mixed-Mode Surveys through a Redefinition of Selection Effect
No full textEffectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy among adolescent athletes: A systematic review
No full textThe project is a bilateral initiative funded by the Fund for Bilateral Relations under the EEA and Norway Grants (EHP-BFNU-OVNKM-4-127-2023)
Protecting the Earth Radically: Repository
No full textThis project serves as the repository of the material, data, and code associated to the manuscript: Protecting the Earth Radically: 'Perceiving Police Injustice Activates Climate Protesters’ Need for Significance'
Abstract
Based on significance quest theory and research on procedural justice, we propose that climate protesters’ support for ecotage (i.e., the tactic of property damage to prevent environmental harm), is affected by their need for significance and perceived police injustice. To test this assumption, we surveyed climate protesters in the United States (Study 1, N = 253) and the Netherlands (Study 2, N = 333). In these studies, we manipulated whether participants were reminded about experiences of unfair police treatment. We measured protesters’ support for climate actions involving property damage, such as arson, slashing SUV tires, and sabotaging pipelines. Both studies showed that need for significance was positively related to support for ecotage when protesters were exposed to police injustice, but not in daily life situations, providing evidence for the situational activation of significance quest. Furthermore, we found that the more protesters perceived unfair police treatment, the more they experienced feelings of personal humiliation and disrespect, which was related to greater support for damaging climate actions
Pavlovian bias instigates suboptimal choices in humans: Preregistered direct replication
No full textValue-based decisions are often biased by Pavlovian (e.g., reward-associated) cues present in the environment. However, it remains unclear whether this Pavlovian bias can disrupt optimal decision-making, leading to maladaptive (or suboptimal) choices in humans. To test this hypothesis directly, a modified Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) paradigm was used. Participants first learned an optimal decision-making strategy, which involved preferring the rich option (70% reward probability) over the poor option (30% reward probability) to maximize rewards. Subsequently, Pavlovian cues predicting one or the other option were introduced during the decision-making process. Results confirmed our hypothesis that Pavlovian cues can indeed interfere with optimal choices. Notably, maladaptive Pavlovian influence persisted with both unobservable and observable rewards, reducing overall reward income. In a second experiment, we reduced the cue-outcome association strength during Pavlovian learning, decreasing the Pavlovian bias with observable rewards. This highlights the pivotal role of the predictive value of cues in this effect. These findings establish a direct link between Pavlovian biases and maladaptive behaviors, with implications for understanding and potentially mitigating environmentally triggered pathologies such as addiction and impulsivity
How depositional environments impact the microwear preservation of quartz artifacts: insights from the Oldowan of the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia)
No full textThe function of Oldowan tools is a key aspect of early hominin subsistence in eastern Africa. The rarity of the sites, the preservation of the assemblages and raw materials are limiting factors in the functional study of Early Pleistocene assemblages. The archaeological occurrences from Member F of the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) have a precise chronostratigraphic framework (2.324 ± 0.020 Ma to 2.271 ± 0.041 Ma), a detailed reconstruction of depositional environments, and artifacts produced mainly from small quartz pebbles that are highly resistant to chemical and mechanical alterations. The studied archaeological material comprises artifacts from 12 occurrences and three environmental contexts (floodplain, point bar, and channel lag). As a baseline for distinguishing taphonomic damage from use-wear, and for assessing the preservation of use-wear in the archaeological record, we characterized macroscopic and microscopic surface alterations resulting from fluvial transport and aeolian abrasion experiments. Despite the good preservation of the lithic assemblages at a macroscopic scale, variations were observed at a microscopic level corresponding to the depositional environment. Understanding the link between taphonomic alterations on quartz and the type of deposits leads to better recognition and interpretation of potential use-wear on these ancient artifacts
Methods and Instruments to Measure ICU Healthcare Professionals’ Workload Related to Medical Technology – a scoping review
No full textHealthcare systems increasingly adopt medical technologies in direct patient care, particularly in highly technological environments like Intensive Care Units (ICUs). While these technologies aim to enhance clinical outcomes, they can also introduce complexities that affect healthcare professionals’ workload. Measuring workload related to the use of medical technology is crucial to ensure technologies support rather than hinder care delivery. The aim of this scoping review is to identify methods and instruments to measure ICU healthcare professionals’ workload during direct patient care activities involving medical technology
Prompting and Output Evaluation in ChatGPT for Teaching and Learning - A Review of Empirical Studies Using Machine Learning
No full textThis dataset is related to the article "Prompting and Output Evaluation in ChatGPT for Teaching and Learning - A Review of Empirical Studies Using Machine Learning
Erotic Exchanges: Factors Contributing to Lasting LiveJasmin Relationships
No full textLiveJasmin is a company that provides an online webcam platform where site members can interact with online cam models. In this study, we collected data from members and models on LiveJasmin. Data collection launched on August 1 and concluded on August 6, 2024; the data have not yet been analyzed. The member survey was in English, and the model survey was in English and then translated into Romanian, Russian, and Spanish. English-paying members were exposed to a pop-up advertisement after 10 seconds on the LiveJasmin ListPage (exclusively). The pop-up ad said, “Help Science! Take a quick survey about LiveJasmin.” To recruit models, the same ad was included in a newsletter sent out to
models by LiveJasmin’s Account Manager monthly. Interested members and models could click “Start now” on the advertisement to be redirected to the Qualtrics survey, which began with the Consent form. Participants were then asked about their relationships with either members or models on the site, as well as information about how much they have invested into the relationship, how satisfied they are with the relationship, as well as questions about sexual quality, perceptions of interaction partners mate value and attractiveness, and questions about future use of camming sites and LiveJasmin