14234 research outputs found
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Health communications and electronic cigarette use among university students: a scoping review
No full textScoping review about electronic cigarette use among university and health communications strategies
Acropora pulchra genome
No full textDatasets and associated Github for the assembly and annotation of the genome of the coral Acropora pulchra as presented in the article "Genome assembly and annotation of \textit{Acropora pulchra} from Mo'orea French Polynesia" doi pendin
Understanding Gaslighting: A Data-Driven Analysis of Themes, Features, and Effects on Subjective Memory
No full textGaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation where victims are led to doubt their own thoughts, perception of reality, or memories. Despite the growing popularity of the term and purported harmful implications, empirical efforts to operationalize and define gaslighting remain sparse. This study aimed to define common features and themes of self-reported gaslighting experiences. Young adults (N=250) completed several questionnaires and open-ended prompts relating to gaslighting experiences. Using a variety of natural language processing techniques, we explore the gaslighting construct using a data-driven approach from the perspective of self-reported targets of gaslighting. These data confirm that gaslighting is a type of interpersonal manipulation aimed at making a person feel 'crazy' or doubt their memories. Romantic partners were reported to be the most common perpetrators of gaslighting, and both beneficial (e.g., awareness of manipulative people) and detrimental (e.g., self-doubt) consequences of experiencing gaslighting appear to be long-lasting. Additionally, we found that more severe, frequent, and long-lasting gaslighting experiences are associated with broader subjective memory deficits, even extending to other memories outside of the gaslighting event itself. This study highlights pervasive cognitive and psychological impacts of gaslighting, and underscores the need for further empirical research and informed clinical strategies
Unfollowing hyperpartisan social media influencers durably reduces out-party animosity
No full textThere is considerable debate over whether and how social media contributes to polarization. Research suggests that a small number of hyperpartisan “influencers,” or highly followed accounts, produce the vast majority of misinformation and toxic content. Yet, little is known about the long-term causal effects of exposure to these influencers. In a correlational study (n1 = 1,447) and two digital field experiments (n2 = 494, n3 = 1,133), we examined whether (un)following hyperpartisan social media influencers contributes to polarization and misinformation sharing. We found that incentivizing Twitter/X users to unfollow hyperpartisan social media influencers improved their recent feelings toward the out-party by 23.5% compared to the control group, with effects persisting for at least six months. Unfollowing also led participants to engage with more accurate news accounts, increased satisfaction with their Twitter/X feeds, and reduced the amount of political content they reported seeing a full year later—without reducing engagement. By contrast, incentivizing users to follow accounts that tweeted about science improved well-being. Additionally, we found that, after Elon’s Musk purchased Twitter/X and made several platform changes, participants used Twitter/X less frequently, viewed their feeds as less reliable, and posted lower quality news. Our results demonstrate the long-term, causal impact of repeated exposure to hyper-partisan influencers on attitudes and behavior. They also illustrate that the behavior and experience of Twitter/X users changed substantially after Elon Musk’s purchase of the platform, revealing the potential impact of social media design changes. Our work has implications for interventions that can be made by platforms or by individuals seeking to curate their social media experience. Unlike other social media reduction interventions, unfollowing is a targeted approach: like a scalpel, it surgically removes a few harmful parts of one’s feed, allowing the beneficial aspects to remain
Weight suppression, binge eating, and purging as predictors of weight gain during inpatient treatment in persons with bulimia nervosa
No full textData and code for the study reported in Meule, A., Dieffenbacher, A.L., Kolar, D.R., & Voderholzer, U. (2025). Weight suppression, binge eating, and purging as predictors of weight gain during inpatient treatment in persons with bulimia nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review, 33(5), 941–949. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.319
Inference more often than false memory guides novel decision making
No full textMemory plays a crucial role in many decisions, allowing individuals to recombine elements of past episodes stored in memory to guide choice (Biderman et al., 2020; Shohamy & Daw, 2015). However, memory is fallible and can get distorted. This begs the question: how do these distortions affect decision making? Here, we explore two non-exclusive potential mechanisms. False memories formed prior to a decision may guide choice (Bui et al., 2013; Storbeck & Clore, 2005; Wang et al., 2024) and individuals may make inferences based on structured knowledge stored in memory at the time of choice (Carpenter & Schacter 2018; Schacter et al. 2011). To better understand whether these mechanisms contribute equally to behavior, we employed a modified version of the classic Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995), where we assigned different levels of reward to different DRM lists and different specific values with each word within a list at encoding. We then tested participants’ word recall, their memory for associated rewards, and/or their value-based choices for studied and unstudied words (including critical lures that were related to studied lists). We found that memory for critical lures was often successfully monitored and participants most often declined to provide a specific value they thought was associated with it—unlike old words, which were much more likely to be assigned a value—suggesting that most lures were not embedded within true false memories. Thus, the observed choice bias in favor of high-value critical lures was most often the product of inference at the time of choice rather than driven by false memory of a rewarding experience. We propose that detail-rich false memories for rewarding experiences are seldom formed, but that inferences about potential outcomes based on structured knowledge stored in memory are far more ubiquitous in guiding adaptive choice