14234 research outputs found
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Toddlers’ Executive Development and Pretend Play (TEDDY)
No full textTEDDY is an ongoing PhD project at the UCD Babylab
Reinterpreting the Role and Significance of the Two-Emperor Problem in Frederick I and Isaac II Angelos’ Conflict During the Third Crusade.
No full textThis paper examines the conflict between Frederick Barbarossa and Isaac II Angelos during the Third Crusade (1189-1190) through the lens of the "Problem of Two Emperors." Traditionally, Isaac has been blamed for obstructing Frederick's journey through Byzantine territory. However, this study argues that the conflict was rooted in a deeper ideological struggle over imperial titles and sovereignty, driven by Frederick's imperial ambitions to consolidate his claims to the Roman throne. By incorporating the framework of the Two Emperor Problem, this research recontextualises Isaac's actions, revealing the Byzantine perspective often overlooked in existing scholarship. This work utilises primary sources such as Choniates' Historia and various Western accounts to explore the intitulatio conflict and its significance in Byzantine-Crusader relations. The study also critiques previous historiography, highlighting the need for a balanced understanding of the Two Emperor Issue and its role in shaping the conflict. This research contends that the confrontation between Frederick and Isaac inevitably resulted from Frederick's imperialistic pursuits, with the Problem of Two Emperors playing a key yet temporary role in their six-month confrontation
Virtual Humans: Enhancing GP Training in Weight-Based Conversations
No full textThe escalating obesity epidemic highlights the need for general practitioners (GPs) to effectively engage in weight-based conversations with patients. The 5As obesity management framework, while valuable, faces implementation challenges due to limited training, confidence, and time constraints for GPs. Virtual humans (VH) offer standardised training, promoting increased self-efficacy, and time efficiency, addressing these challenges. The study aims to evaluate: (1) feasibility and acceptability of the training with VH delivery and (2) its preliminary effectiveness on knowledge and behavioural intention
Humanizing Linear Algebra at Scale with Team-Based Inquiry Learning
No full textCourse coordination is a common way to offer multi-section courses that accommo- date high enrollment demands while maintaining consistent course standards. In such a course, the coordinator’s pedagogy and leadership style play a significant role in shaping both student and instructor experience. This article describes how the author integrated two common leadership styles (namely, resource-management and humanistic-growth) in order to implement Team-Based Inquiry Learning in a coordinated instruction model with a teaching team consisting of graduate student and postdoc instructors. In addition to sharing practical details about the course de- sign and associated professional learning activities, the author shares vignettes from three-years of implementation that illustrate how a humanistic-growth orientation supported them and their students and instructors. This work provides a concrete example of how course coordinators can scale humanizing practices in introductory courses and provide formative experiences for novice instructors in using such methods
Replicability and Validity of a New AI Assessment of PTSD from Patient Language: A Sequential Evaluation with Model Pre-registration
No full textAI shows promise in identifying psychopathology through language, but replicability in AI-models remains challenging. We develop a AI-based language assessment of PTSD severity and introduce the Sequential Evaluation with Model Pre-registration to rigorously evaluate its validity and replicability. This design includes two phases: Development with pre-registration and Evaluation. Data included development (N=1437) and prospective (N=346) samples, where participants described their lives during automated interviews. In the prospective sample, pre-registered models correlated with PTSD CheckList scores (r=.38, p<.001); converged with PTSD diagnosis (AUC=.76; outperforming demographics and trauma exposures: AUC=.61, p<.01). We found that for each standard deviation increase, mental healthcare expenditure rose by $696.5 (p<.001). Our pre-registered PTSD model assessments are replicable in prospectively collected clinical data and showed external validity against expense criteria. With further development, such models can be used to screen for PTSD or monitor treatment response, especially in telehealth or automated interviews, where deployment can be seamless
Evidence from the Dead: New Estimates of Wealth Inequality Using the Distribution of Estates
No full textThis paper studies the estimation of wealth distribution using estates left at death. We establish formal conditions for adopting a simplified version of the classic estate multiplier method, using only minimal information on estates and mortality. We empirically validate these conditions and apply the simplified approach to produce novel long-run top wealth share series for Belgium, Japan, and South Africa, where estate data have not yet been exploited. This approach may vastly expand the range of countries and years for which wealth inequality can be estimated, where estate data exist but the standard method cannot be applied. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper
Vertrekken vanuit vertrouwen
No full textIn het essay "Vertrekken vanuit vertrouwen: Oprecht luisteren en waarlijk erkennen als basis voor het contract tussen overheid en burger" gaan we in op het bouwen aan vertrouwen van burgers in de Belastingdienst. We betogen dat vertrouwen alleen kan ontstaan vanuit een wisselwerking – in dit geval tussen burgers en Belastingdienst – en dat eerlijk handelen van beide partijen cruciaal is om aan dit wederzijdse vertrouwen te bouwen, en we geven concrete aanbevelingen om vertrouwen te borgen en vergroten. We onderbouwen onze positie met literatuuronderzoek en eigen verdiepend onderzoek. In dit verdiepende onderzoek hebben we medewerkers van de Belastingdienst geïnterviewd, die direct contact hadden met burgers (n = 18). Dit waren zowel medewerkers vanuit afdelingen waar burgers contact zoeken met de Belastingdienst voor antwoord op hun vragen omtrent hun belastingaangifte (bijvoorbeeld Belastingtelefoonmedewerkers) als medewerkers vanuit afdelingen waar de Belastingdienst contact zoekt met burgers omdat er onduidelijkheden of mogelijke fouten in hun aangifte zitten (bijvoorbeeld de afdeling toezicht). Daarnaast hebben we een aantal burgers geïnterviewd over hun ervaringen met en vertrouwen in de Belastingdienst (n = 19). Tenslotte hebben we kwantitatieve analyses uitgevoerd op bestaande data van de Fiscale Monitor uit de jaren 2015, 2019 en 2023. Op deze OSF pagina brengen we het essay en de onderliggende onderzoeken samen
The Timing of Suboptimality: How Temporal Uncertainty Drives Procrastination Behavior
No full textProcrastination, where people engage with an immediately rewarding task when they should work on a task with a delayed payoff, is typically
framed as self-regulation failure or lack of motivation. We challenge this view by demonstrating that procrastination emerges naturally
from the computational intractability of sequential resource allocation under temporal uncertainty. When time horizons are certain, humans
approach mathematically optimal strategies for balancing competing tasks. However, when deadlines are uncertain – requiring integration
over exponentially growing outcome spaces – participants systematically over-invest in immediate rewards early, then attempt to compensate
too late. Critically, individual differences in self-reported procrastination were predicted not only by overall task performance, but by the
temporal structure of these deviations, with early misallocation uniquely associated with items reflecting delayed initiation and inefficient
timing. These results identify procrastination as a timing-specific form of suboptimality under uncertainty, consistent with bounded rationality
rather than generalized self-regulation failure, and suggest that reducing temporal uncertainty may be a more effective intervention target
than increasing motivation alone
