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Melon fruit quality front mildew incidence and management of nitrogen and potassium topdressing
Get PDFThis work aimed to evaluate the application effect of different dosages of nitrogen and potassium topdressing on mildew severity and on yield and fruit quality of melon. The three cultivars, Jangada, Gaucho Casca de Carvalho and Gaucho Redondo Cone Sul were evaluated in Cerrado (savannah) and floodplain areas. At 34 days after sowing (DAS) the topdressing treatments with different dosages of nitrogen and potassium were applied. The mildew severity estimation started at 56 DAS and was performed in five-days intervals until the harvesting of the fruits. The yield and physicochemical characteristics of the collected fruits were evaluated at harvest. There was no significative interaction among nitrogen and potassium topdressing, the cultivars and cultivated areas. However, there was significative differences when the factors were analyzed in separate. The cultivar Gaucho Redondo Cone Sul showed a significant linear increase in the area under the disease progress curve and higher productivity on cerrado compared to the remaining cultivars. The cultivar Gaucho Casca de Carvalho produced heavier and with higher °Brix fruits on cerrado. It is possible to conclude that the applied topdressings did not reduce the mildew severity in all tested cultivars, but they increased the yield in the floodplain area without modifying the physicochemical characteristics of the pulp on the evaluated melon fruits.This work aimed to evaluate the application effect of different dosages of nitrogen and potassium topdressing on mildew severity and on yield and fruit quality of melon. The three cultivars, Jangada, Gaucho Casca de Carvalho and Gaucho Redondo Cone Sul were evaluated in Cerrado (savannah) and floodplain areas. At 34 days after sowing (DAS) the topdressing treatments with different dosages of nitrogen and potassium were applied. The mildew severity estimation started at 56 DAS and was performed in five-days intervals until the harvesting of the fruits. The yield and physicochemical characteristics of the collected fruits were evaluated at harvest. There was no significative interaction among nitrogen and potassium topdressing, the cultivars and cultivated areas. However, there was significative differences when the factors were analyzed in separate. The cultivar Gaucho Redondo Cone Sul showed a significant linear increase in the area under the disease progress curve and higher productivity on cerrado compared to the remaining cultivars. The cultivar Gaucho Casca de Carvalho produced heavier and with higher °Brix fruits on cerrado. It is possible to conclude that the applied topdressings did not reduce the mildew severity in all tested cultivars, but they increased the yield in the floodplain area without modifying the physicochemical characteristics of the pulp on the evaluated melon fruits
Initial growth of tree species grown on salinized soil with conditioners
Get PDFThe excess of salts and sodium is one of the factors that contribute most to the soil chemical degradation. Recovery of these soils requires the establishment of techniques using soil conditioners and more tolerant species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil conditioners on the recovery of a saline - sodic soil and on the growth and physiological responses of tree species. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, both using a completely randomized design. In the first experiment, five treatments were evaluated for soil correction: saline soil with no correction, saline soil + calcium sulfate, saline soil+ sulfur, saline soil + O.M. (organic matter) and non saline soil. The second experiment, consisted of a 4x5 factorial arrangement, with four trees species (Amburana cearensis, Caesalpinia ferrea, Cnidosculus philacanthus and Moringa oleifera) and the five treatments described in the first experiment, with three repetitions. Bovine manure, elemental sulfur and calcium sulfate decrease the salinity and sodicity of saline-sodic soils, especially the latter two, which attenuate the negative effects of salinity and sodicity on the photosynthetic rate of C. philacanthus, M. oleifera and C. ferrea, favoring the growth and dry matter production of C. ferrea and M. oleifera.The excess of salts and sodium is one of the factors that contribute most to the soil chemical degradation. Recovery of these soils requires the establishment of techniques using soil conditioners and more tolerant species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil conditioners on the recovery of a saline - sodic soil and on the growth and physiological responses of tree species. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, both using a completely randomized design. In the first experiment, five treatments were evaluated for soil correction: saline soil with no correction, saline soil + calcium sulfate, saline soil+ sulfur, saline soil + O.M. (organic matter) and non saline soil. The second experiment, consisted of a 4x5 factorial arrangement, with four trees species (Amburana cearensis, Caesalpinia ferrea, Cnidosculus philacanthus and Moringa oleifera) and the five treatments described in the first experiment, with three repetitions. Bovine manure, elemental sulfur and calcium sulfate decrease the salinity and sodicity of saline-sodic soils, especially the latter two, which attenuate the negative effects of salinity and sodicity on the photosynthetic rate of C. philacanthus, M. oleifera and C. ferrea, favoring the growth and dry matter production of C. ferrea and M. oleifera
Physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul. treated with essential oils
Get PDFDimorphandra gardneriana, popularly known as fava d’anta, is a medicinal species whose fruits and seeds are used in the manufacture of medicines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) and copaíba (Copaifera sp.) essential oils in antifungal treatment of seeds of D. gardneriana and their influence on physiological quality of the seeds. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design using seeds treated with different concentrations of copaiba and clove oils (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mL) and two controls—seeds were treated with distilled water or fungicide. The variables analyzed were: incidence of fungi in seeds in the first experiment and seed germination and vigor (first germination, length and dry mass of root and shoot of the seedlings) in the second one. The incidence of fungi of the genera Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. in the seeds was elevated. The copaiba oil at the concentrations used did not satisfactorily reduce the incidence of fungi in the seeds of D. gardneriana, while the treatment of the seeds with clove oil at concentrations of 2.0 and 0.5 mL reduced the incidence of Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp., respectively. Seed germination and vigor increased at concentrations of 2 mL of clove oil and 1.25 mL of copaiba oil.Dimorphandra gardneriana, popularly known as fava d’anta, is a medicinal species whose fruits and seeds are used in the manufacture of medicines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) and copaíba (Copaifera sp.) essential oils in antifungal treatment of seeds of D. gardneriana and their influence on physiological quality of the seeds. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design using seeds treated with different concentrations of copaiba and clove oils (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mL) and two controls—seeds were treated with distilled water or fungicide. The variables analyzed were: incidence of fungi in seeds in the first experiment and seed germination and vigor (first germination, length and dry mass of root and shoot of the seedlings) in the second one. The incidence of fungi of the genera Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. in the seeds was elevated. The copaiba oil at the concentrations used did not satisfactorily reduce the incidence of fungi in the seeds of D. gardneriana, while the treatment of the seeds with clove oil at concentrations of 2.0 and 0.5 mL reduced the incidence of Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp., respectively. Seed germination and vigor increased at concentrations of 2 mL of clove oil and 1.25 mL of copaiba oil
Infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv.viticola under temperature increase and carbon dioxide concentrations
Get PDFThe experiments were carried out under controlled conditions to evaluate the impact of increased temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide on infection of Xanthomonas campestris pv viticola, the causal agent of bacterial canker in Vine seedlings. It proceeded the evaluation of the following epidemiological components: incubation period (PI), severity (SEV) and using that data were calculated the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). It used grape seedlings (Italia, Crimson Seedless, Sugraone and Selection 8) inoculated with bacterial suspension (108 CFU mL-1). The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial arrangement 4x4 (cultivar x temperature) and 4x2 (cultivar x carbon dioxide concentration) which was carried out twice. The data were subjected to variance analysis. Increasing temperature reduced bacterium’s incubation period with significant differences between genotypes. For Selection 8 and Crimson temperature increase caused enhancement on severity and AUDPC. For Seleção 8 the incubation period (PI) was extended from 7.93 to 30.18 days when the concentration changed from 390 to 770 µmol/mol. The increased CO2 concentration reduced AACPSD and SEV for Sugraone and Selection 8. The results show that the temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration of the air may have different effects on bacterial canker of grapevine.The experiments were carried out under controlled conditions to evaluate the impact of increased temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide on infection of Xanthomonas campestris pv viticola, the causal agent of bacterial canker in Vine seedlings. It proceeded the evaluation of the following epidemiological components: incubation period (PI), severity (SEV) and using that data were calculated the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). It used grape seedlings (Italia, Crimson Seedless, Sugraone and Selection 8) inoculated with bacterial suspension (108 CFU mL-1). The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial arrangement 4x4 (cultivar x temperature) and 4x2 (cultivar x carbon dioxide concentration) which was carried out twice. The data were subjected to variance analysis. Increasing temperature reduced bacterium’s incubation period with significant differences between genotypes. For Selection 8 and Crimson temperature increase caused enhancement on severity and AUDPC. For Seleção 8 the incubation period (PI) was extended from 7.93 to 30.18 days when the concentration changed from 390 to 770 µmol/mol. The increased CO2 concentration reduced AACPSD and SEV for Sugraone and Selection 8. The results show that the temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration of the air may have different effects on bacterial canker of grapevine
Growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings under salinity levels and application of biofertilizer
Get PDFPitombeira is a native fruit tree from Amazon and is exploited in an extractive way. Currently, there is no commercial cultivation of this crop since there are no technologies for cultivation, propagation methods, fertilization and irrigation. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings (Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hill.) Radlk.) under salinity levels with or without bovine biofertilizer. The experiment was performed in a nursery at the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV, in Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, from September to December 2015. It was adopted a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments and 4 repetitions, in factorial arrangement 5 x 2, corresponding to 5 salinity levels: (0,8; 2; 4; 6 e 8 dS m-1) with or without bovine biofertilization. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, total leaf area, Dickson quality index, dry mass of root, stem, leaf and the whole plant were analyzed. The increase in salinity provides a decrease in growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings. The use of biofertilizers mitigates the harmful effects of salinity on pitombeira seedlings.Pitombeira is a native fruit tree from Amazon and is exploited in an extractive way. Currently, there is no commercial cultivation of this crop since there are no technologies for cultivation, propagation methods, fertilization and irrigation. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings (Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hill.) Radlk.) under salinity levels with or without bovine biofertilizer. The experiment was performed in a nursery at the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV, in Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, from September to December 2015. It was adopted a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments and 4 repetitions, in factorial arrangement 5 x 2, corresponding to 5 salinity levels: (0,8; 2; 4; 6 e 8 dS m-1) with or without bovine biofertilization. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, total leaf area, Dickson quality index, dry mass of root, stem, leaf and the whole plant were analyzed. The increase in salinity provides a decrease in growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings. The use of biofertilizers mitigates the harmful effects of salinity on pitombeira seedlings
Selectivity of herbicides in initial growth of pre-budded seedlings of sugarcane
Get PDFWith the advent of new implantation technologies of sugarcane crop, the aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides in pre-budded cultivars of sugarcane seedlings. With the formation of seedlings from a gem of high sanity in tubes with substrates, seedlings, with an average height of 20 cm, were transplanted to 12 L pots filled with soil. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial arranged in a (3x8), being the cultivars, CTC 7, CTC 14 and RB966928; and the herbicides (g ha-1): ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium (1280 + 32.4); imazapic (150); halosulfuron (150); isoxaflutole (90); ametryn (5000); ametryn + clomazone (1500 + 1000) and amicarbazone (1500), applied 10 days after transplanting; and a control without application. The three cultivars of sugarcane visually studied responded differently to the application of herbicide treatments tested, being the herbicides ametryn + trifloxysulfuron, imazapic, halosulfuron and ametryn which caused less phytotoxicity. However, when confronting the other parameters analyzed, it was observed that ametryn + trifloxysulfuron, isoxaflutole, ametryn, ametryn + clomazone and amicarbazone for CTC7 cultivar, ametryn + clomazone and amicarbazone for CTC14 and amicarbazone for RB966928, caused loss to the initial development of the crop.With the advent of new implantation technologies of sugarcane crop, the aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides in pre-budded cultivars of sugarcane seedlings. With the formation of seedlings from a gem of high sanity in tubes with substrates, seedlings, with an average height of 20 cm, were transplanted to 12 L pots filled with soil. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial arranged in a (3x8), being the cultivars, CTC 7, CTC 14 and RB966928; and the herbicides (g ha-1): ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium (1280 + 32.4); imazapic (150); halosulfuron (150); isoxaflutole (90); ametryn (5000); ametryn + clomazone (1500 + 1000) and amicarbazone (1500), applied 10 days after transplanting; and a control without application. The three cultivars of sugarcane visually studied responded differently to the application of herbicide treatments tested, being the herbicides ametryn + trifloxysulfuron, imazapic, halosulfuron and ametryn which caused less phytotoxicity. However, when confronting the other parameters analyzed, it was observed that ametryn + trifloxysulfuron, isoxaflutole, ametryn, ametryn + clomazone and amicarbazone for CTC7 cultivar, ametryn + clomazone and amicarbazone for CTC14 and amicarbazone for RB966928, caused loss to the initial development of the crop
Rootstock influencing the quality and biogenic amines content on Syrah tropical wines
Get PDFThe São Francisco Valley, in Brazil, is a region with harvest of grapes more than once a year due to the peculiar climate condition, being important to evaluate new agronomic variables for the vines and elucidade its influence on wine quality and nutritional compounds. Syrah vines grafted on different rootstocks (IAC-313 and Paulsen 1103) were cultivated in semi-arid conditions in Petrolina, PE, Brazil, and the quality of the wine was evaluated for color, sugars, acidity, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and the presence and contents of eight biogenic amines by HPLC (putrescine (PUT) dihydrochloride, spermidine (SPD) trihydrochloride, spermine (SPM) tetrahydrochloride, agmatine (AGM) sulfate, cadaverine (CAD) dihydrochloride, serotonine (SRT) hydrochloride, histamine (HIM) dihydrochloride, tyramine (TYM), tryptamine (TRM) and 2-phenylethylamine (PHM) dihydrochloride). For total sugars, color and antocyanins content in the evaluated wines, no effect from the rootstock was observed. For the wine produced with grapes from Syrah wines grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock, was observed the presence of putrescine, agmatine and phenylethylamine with the contents of 8.04, 0.15 and 0.22 µg mL-¹, respectively. The use of the rootstock IAC-313 on Syrah vines at the São Francisco Valley semi-arid conditions, Brazil, resulted in wines with a statistical lower pH and soluble solid contents and higher antioxidant activity and phenolic contents, with only the presence of putrescine of the studied biogenic amines.The São Francisco Valley, in Brazil, is a region with harvest of grapes more than once a year due to the peculiar climate condition, being important to evaluate new agronomic variables for the vines and elucidade its influence on wine quality and nutritional compounds. Syrah vines grafted on different rootstocks (IAC-313 and Paulsen 1103) were cultivated in semi-arid conditions in Petrolina, PE, Brazil, and the quality of the wine was evaluated for color, sugars, acidity, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and the presence and contents of eight biogenic amines by HPLC (putrescine (PUT) dihydrochloride, spermidine (SPD) trihydrochloride, spermine (SPM) tetrahydrochloride, agmatine (AGM) sulfate, cadaverine (CAD) dihydrochloride, serotonine (SRT) hydrochloride, histamine (HIM) dihydrochloride, tyramine (TYM), tryptamine (TRM) and 2-phenylethylamine (PHM) dihydrochloride). For total sugars, color and antocyanins content in the evaluated wines, no effect from the rootstock was observed. For the wine produced with grapes from Syrah wines grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock, was observed the presence of putrescine, agmatine and phenylethylamine with the contents of 8.04, 0.15 and 0.22 µg mL-¹, respectively. The use of the rootstock IAC-313 on Syrah vines at the São Francisco Valley semi-arid conditions, Brazil, resulted in wines with a statistical lower pH and soluble solid contents and higher antioxidant activity and phenolic contents, with only the presence of putrescine of the studied biogenic amines
Management of nitrogen fertilization in maize cultivated in succession to black oats in a temperate climate
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to verify early nitrogen (N) fertilization on maize cultivated in succession to black oats. We conducted three experiments, relating to the 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15 growing seasons, at UFSC-Curitibanos, in a randomized complete block experimental design, with four treatments and four replicates. The treatments were N management strategies in which the amount of N applied to maize was split into pre-sowing, at sowing, and topdressing times: (T1) control with no N application; (T2) 2/3 - 1/3 - 0; (T3) 1/3 - 1/3 - 1/3; and (T4) 0 - 1/3 - 2/3. The biometrics and productive potential parameters of the crop were evaluated. Application of N, regardless of the treatment, increased the yield. In 2012/13, there were no significant differences between the ways in which the N application was split, although they produced a higher yield than the control, resulting in a mean yield of 5,008 kg ha-1. In 2013/14, T2 was similar to T3 and T4, resulting in a yield of 9,858 kg ha-1; in 2014/15, T3 and T4 were similar, with a mean yield of 12,466 kg ha-1, while T2 resulted in a lower yield of 10,487 kg ha-1. When 2/3 of the N is applied pre-sowing, it is only effective when it is associated with the occurrence of a drought period at an early developmental stage of the plants. In adequate rainfall conditions, the early application of N fertilization is only effective when combined with a further 1/3 of the amount of N at sowing, and later as a topdressing.The objective of this study was to verify early nitrogen (N) fertilization on maize cultivated in succession to black oats. We conducted three experiments, relating to the 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15 growing seasons, at UFSC-Curitibanos, in a randomized complete block experimental design, with four treatments and four replicates. The treatments were N management strategies in which the amount of N applied to maize was split into pre-sowing, at sowing, and topdressing times: (T1) control with no N application; (T2) 2/3 - 1/3 - 0; (T3) 1/3 - 1/3 - 1/3; and (T4) 0 - 1/3 - 2/3. The biometrics and productive potential parameters of the crop were evaluated. Application of N, regardless of the treatment, increased the yield. In 2012/13, there were no significant differences between the ways in which the N application was split, although they produced a higher yield than the control, resulting in a mean yield of 5,008 kg ha-1. In 2013/14, T2 was similar to T3 and T4, resulting in a yield of 9,858 kg ha-1; in 2014/15, T3 and T4 were similar, with a mean yield of 12,466 kg ha-1, while T2 resulted in a lower yield of 10,487 kg ha-1. When 2/3 of the N is applied pre-sowing, it is only effective when it is associated with the occurrence of a drought period at an early developmental stage of the plants. In adequate rainfall conditions, the early application of N fertilization is only effective when combined with a further 1/3 of the amount of N at sowing, and later as a topdressing
Growth of cut roses under application of products with physiological effects
Get PDFThe cultivation of cut roses can be compromised when cultivated in regions where climatic conditions are limiting for their adequate growth and development, so it is necessary to use appropriate technologies and inputs for their production. The application of products that promote physiological changes in the plant, such as fungicides or plant regulators might be viable technologies for rose production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of cv. Carola under application of products with physiological effects cultivated in the Valley of the submedium São Francisco. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 6 factorial design, with 6 products with physiological action (control - application of water, boscalid, pyraclostrobin, boscalid + pyraclostrobin, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin and plant growth regulator) and 6 periods of analysis (40, 68, 124, 180, 236 and 292 days after transplantation, DAT) with four replicas of 12 plants each. Throughout the dates were evaluated the number of leaves, leaf area, total leaf chlorophyll, dry mass of leaves, stems, flowering branches, total dry mass, production of stems per plant and the biomass partition. There were significant differences for all variables studied except for the production of stems per plant. Regarding the biomass partition, a variation of values among applied products was observed over time, however, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin and the growth regulator presented a balance among the dry mass of leaves, stem and flowering branches. The application of products belonging to the group of strobilurins as well as growth regulators is promising for the cultivation of cut roses in the semiarid.The cultivation of cut roses can be compromised when cultivated in regions where climatic conditions are limiting for their adequate growth and development, so it is necessary to use appropriate technologies and inputs for their production. The application of products that promote physiological changes in the plant, such as fungicides or plant regulators might be viable technologies for rose production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of cv. Carola under application of products with physiological effects cultivated in the Valley of the submedium São Francisco. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 6 factorial design, with 6 products with physiological action (control - application of water, boscalid, pyraclostrobin, boscalid + pyraclostrobin, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin and plant growth regulator) and 6 periods of analysis (40, 68, 124, 180, 236 and 292 days after transplantation, DAT) with four replicas of 12 plants each. Throughout the dates were evaluated the number of leaves, leaf area, total leaf chlorophyll, dry mass of leaves, stems, flowering branches, total dry mass, production of stems per plant and the biomass partition. There were significant differences for all variables studied except for the production of stems per plant. Regarding the biomass partition, a variation of values among applied products was observed over time, however, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin and the growth regulator presented a balance among the dry mass of leaves, stem and flowering branches. The application of products belonging to the group of strobilurins as well as growth regulators is promising for the cultivation of cut roses in the semiarid
Production of phosphate biofertilizer through composting and vermicomposting process
Get PDFThe production of organic mineral fertilizers enriched with natural phosphates may increase the solubility of phosphorus, minimizing the dependence of acidulated phosphate fertilizers. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the bioavailability of nutrients due to the incorporation of phosphate sources through vermicomposting and composting. It was used a completely randomized design in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with five replicates and four sources of P (1 - Ammonium single superphosphate, 2 - Itafós phosphate, 3 - Araxá phosphate and 4 - termophosphate) and three methods of phosphorus sources addition in the production of organo-mineral fertilizer process: 1 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the beginning of the vermicomposting process (VPB), 2 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the end of the vermicomposting process (VPE) and 3 - Compound, non-vermicomposting, produced with addition of the P sources at the beginning of the composting process (CP). The addition of Araxá or Itafós natural phosphate in composting or after vermicomposting process leads to the production of an organo-mineral fertilizer with good availability of nutrients, such as calcium and phosphorus.The production of organic mineral fertilizers enriched with natural phosphates may increase the solubility of phosphorus, minimizing the dependence of acidulated phosphate fertilizers. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the bioavailability of nutrients due to the incorporation of phosphate sources through vermicomposting and composting. It was used a completely randomized design in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with five replicates and four sources of P (1 - Ammonium single superphosphate, 2 - Itafós phosphate, 3 - Araxá phosphate and 4 - termophosphate) and three methods of phosphorus sources addition in the production of organo-mineral fertilizer process: 1 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the beginning of the vermicomposting process (VPB), 2 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the end of the vermicomposting process (VPE) and 3 - Compound, non-vermicomposting, produced with addition of the P sources at the beginning of the composting process (CP). The addition of Araxá or Itafós natural phosphate in composting or after vermicomposting process leads to the production of an organo-mineral fertilizer with good availability of nutrients, such as calcium and phosphorus