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Postharvest quality of gherkin under different storage conditions
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different harvest times, temperatures and storage periods in maintaining the postharvest quality of gherkin fruits of the cultivar Do Norte. A completely randomized design was used, in a bifactorial scheme: storage temperatures (0, 10, 20 and 30 °C) and storage times (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days), with five replications. The evaluations took place in two harvest seasons, at 87 and 107 days after sowing. The fruits were stored at a relative humidity of 90 ± 5% during the whole experimental period. In addition to the days considered, an evaluation was carried out at 16 days, where the fruits were kept for four days at 20 °C simulating the processing and commercialization period. The evaluated variables were pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, ratio, luminosity, hue angle, reduction of horizontal and vertical diameters and weight loss. Storage at temperatures of 20 and 30 °C contributed to the increase in the reactions of degradation of organoleptic characteristics. Fruits stored at temperatures of 0 and 10 °C, showed less changes in pH and acidity, in addition to less loss of mass in relation to the time of harvest, however, fruits stored at 0 °C showed darkening of the epidermis and the occurrence of disturbances caused by cold. Therefore, the gherkin fruits of the cultivar Do Norte have good storage capacity when kept at a temperature of 10 °C for a period of 12 days regardless of the harvest season.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes épocas de colheita, temperaturas e períodos de armazenamento na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de maxixe da cultivar Do Norte. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema bifatorial: temperaturas de armazenagem (0, 10, 20 e 30 °C) e épocas de armazenamento (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias), com cinco repetições. As avaliações ocorreram em duas épocas de colheita, aos 87 e 107 dias após a semeadura. Os frutos foram armazenados a umidade relativa de 90 ± 5% durante todo período experimental. Além dos dias considerados, realizou-se uma avaliação aos 16 dias, onde os frutos foram mantidos durante quatro dias a 20 °C simulando o período de beneficiamento e comercialização. Avaliou-se o pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, ratio, luminosidade, ângulo hue, redução dos diâmetros horizontal e vertical e perda de massa. O armazenamento em temperaturas de 20 e 30 °C contribuiu para o acréscimo das reações de degradação das características organoléticas. Frutos armazenados em temperaturas de 0 e 10 °C, apresentaram menores alterações no pH e acidez, além de menor perda de massa em relação ao momento da colheita, entretanto, frutos armazenados a 0 °C apresentaram escurecimento da epiderme e ocorrência de distúrbios ocasionados pelo frio. Portanto, os frutos de maxixe da cultivar Do Norte possuem boa capacidade de armazenamento quando mantidos a temperatura de 10 °C por um período de 12 dias independente da época de colheita
Physiological and biochemical indicators of Physalis angulata L. plants submitted under salinity
Get PDFSaline environments may limit the growth and yield of agricultural crops, mainly in arid and semiarid regions, causing negative impacts to the plant physiology. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and physiological and biochemical indicators of Physalis angulata L. plants grown in hydroponic nutrient solutions with different salinities. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a floating hydroponic system, using a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of five levels of electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution (EC0 = 0.00 – Control; EC1 = 1.80; EC2 = 3.60; EC3 = 5.40; and EC4 = 7.2 dS m-1). Plant gas exchanges, water relations, total chlorophyll contents, organic solute accumulation, and growth parameter were evaluated at 35 days after the application of the treatments. The salinity of the nutrient solution had significant effect on the variables analyzed, denoting adaptation of the plants up to the EC of 2.10 dS m-1.Decreases in photosynthetic rates at the highest salinity levels affected the plant growth, causing pronounced decreases. The P. angulata plants showed osmotic adjustment after the induction of a severe salt stress at 35 days after sowing; they accumulated organic solutes that increased leaf turgidity, even at lower salinity levels, maintaining the plant water status.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos de plantas de P. angulata submetidas a diferentes níveis de salinidade da água. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Unidade Experimental Horto Florestal, pertencente à Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana-BA, sem delineamento personalizado casualizado, com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva - CE (CE 0: 0,00; CE 1: 1,80; CE 2: 3,60; CE 3: 5,40 e CE 4: 7,2 dS.m -1 , no sistema hidropônico do tipo flutuante. Para 35 dias após a aplicação dos procedimentos, foram verificadas como trocas gasosas, como relações hídricas, os teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos, ou o volume de soluções químicas e os resultados de crescimento. O efeito da salinidade nas plantas de P. angulata afeta suas folhas foliares gasosas, clorofila, teor total de açúcares solúveis, sacarose, aminoácidos, proteínas e o foliar hídrico potencial, denotando uma adaptabilidade das plantas até a CE 1: 1,80 dS. m -1 . A diminuição da condutância estomática nos níveis mais altos do estresse salino provoca reduções nas taxas fotossintéticas, que consequentemente afetam o crescimento das plantas. Ao final do experimento, mantenha-se que as plantas de P. angulataajustada-se osmoticamente após a indução de estresse severo, uma vez que os métodos detalhados utilizados para promover a elevação da folga de turbulência, o mesmo nos níveis mais baixos, mantêm o status hídrico das plantas
Production of banana tree ‘Pacovan Ken’ fertigated under different doses of potassium and nitrogen
No full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the fruit productivity of ‘Pacovan Ken\u27 banana under different nitrogen and potassium doses. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in the factorial scheme, with four nitrogen doses (200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 of N) and four potassium (300, 600, 900 and 1200 kg ha-1 of K2O), via fertigation. The production characteristics evaluated were: mean mass of the leaves, yield, number of leaves, total length and mass of the rachis, leaf spacing, mean diameter of two fruits of each hand, total and commercial fruit length, height and circumference of the pseudo stem. Both yield and mean mass of the leaves was greatest when applied 780 kg ha-1 of K2O. The production variables decreased linearly with increased nitrogen doses via fertigation. Dose of 487.5 kg ha-1 of N and provides less spacing between shoots, and dose of 530 kg ha-1 of N provides greater length and mass of the rachis. Dose of 700 kg ha-1 of K2O provided less spacing between leaves and length of the rachis
Fruit quality of Tahiti acid lime and Sicilian lemon trees grown on different rootstocks and spacings in the semi-arid region
Get PDFThe objective of this work was to evaluate the fruit quality of Tahiti acid lime and Sicilian lemon trees grownon different rootstocks and planting spacings in the semi-arid region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Twoexperiments were conducted, using Tahiti acid lime tree scions (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) (1) and Sicilian lemontrees scions [Citrus limon (L.) Burm] (2). A randomized block design was used, with a 6×2 factorial arrangement consisted of six rootstocks: Cravo Santa Cruz lemon (Citrus limonia Osbeck), Swingle citrumelo [Citrus paradisi Macfaden × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Rafinesque], Indio citrandarin and Riverside citrandarin [Citrus sunki (Hayata) hort. ex Tanaka × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Rafinesque], Hybrid TSKC × (LCR × TR) - 059 [Citrus sunki (Hayata) hort. ex Tanaka × (Citrus limonia Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Rafinesque)], and Sunki Tropical tangerine [Citrus sunki (Hayata) hort. ex Tanaka]; and two planting spacings: 6.0 × 4.0 m and 6.0 × 2.0 m, with three replications and four plants per plot. The physical and chemical characteristics of fruits were evaluated. Most quality characteristics of Tahiti acid lime and Sicilian lemon are not affected by the different rootstocks and spacings used, but the fruits present excellent quality for the national and international markets. Tahiti acid lime plants grown on less vigorous rootstocks under denser spacings have fruits with higher pH, whereas those grown on more vigorous rootstocks have fruits with thicker mesocarps and lower soluble solid contents. The use of Sunki Tropical tangerine rootstock results in bigger Sicilian lemons, however, with lower soluble solid contents, whereas an opposite result is found with the use of Swingle citrumelo rootstocks.Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade dos frutos da limeira ácida ‘Tahiti’ e do limão ‘Siciliano’, em diferentes porta-enxertos e espaçamentos no semiárido de Minas Gerais. O trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos, (1) copas da limeira ácida ‘Tahiti’ e (2) copas do limoeiro ‘Siciliano’. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, sendo seis porta-enxertos: limão ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’, Citrumelo ‘Swingle’, ‘Índio’, ‘Riverside’, ‘059’ e tangerina ‘Sunki Tropical’; distribuídas em dois espaçamentos: 6,0 m x 4,0 m e 6,0 m x 2,0 m, com três repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. Foram avaliadas as características físicas e químicas dos frutos. Os frutos do limão ‘Siciliano’ não apresentaram diferenças no comprimento, rendimento do suco e coloração da casca e polpa entre os diferentes porta-enxertos e espaçamentos. Das características avaliadas apenas o teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), teor de vitamina C, a massa fresca e o diâmetro foram influenciados. O SS e teor de vitamina C pelo porta-enxerto Citrumelo ‘Swingle’, enquanto que a massa fresca e o diâmetro pelo porta-enxerto Tangerina ‘Sunki Tropical’. Os frutos da lima ácida ‘Tahiti’ foram influenciados pelo porta-enxerto limão ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ e pelo Citrumelo ‘Swingle’. O primeiro afetou o mesocarpo, formando frutos com maior espessura e menor teor de sólidos solúveis, enquanto o Citrumelo ‘Swingle’ incrementou o teor de sólidos solúveis nos frutos
Calcium salts as an alternative to preserve minimally processed table grape quality
Get PDFThe effects of calcium lactate, propionate, chloride, ascorbate and propionate (5 g L−1), combined with heat treatment (60 °C, 2 min), on the quality parameter of minimally processed table grapes, stored for 21 days at 5 °C, were investigated. Berries sanitised with NaOCl (100 mg L−1) were used as control. The respiration rate of Ca-treated berries remained below that of the control up to 17 days. No differences were found on the atmosphere composition. Firmness was maintained on berries treated with Ca until 14 days of storage, especially on the propionate and ascorbate treatments. The bound, free and total Ca measured values, were higher on Ca-treated berries. The functional quality did not show differences among the treatments. The Ca treatment combined with heat treatment, especially with the addition of ascorbate and propionate, maintained the firmness of the berries but did not show major effects on the other quality parameters evaluated. 
Phenology and yield of cape gooseberry cultivated in open field in subtropical environment
No full textCape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a plant that presents fruit with high aggregate value and expressive levels of beneficial components to the human health. However, the lack of knowledge of the phenological phases limits the expansion of the crop under subtropical conditions, especially in open field production, despite it is a typical tropical plant. This research aimed to evaluate the phenological stages related the growth and the production of cape gooseberry cultivated under subtropical environment in an open field production system. The phenological stages were determined by the evaluations from the plant’s emerging date until it is senescence. The cape gooseberry cycle comprised 254 days with a total of 3,843.6 °C day. Cape gooseberry reached a maximum of 173 leaves, 193 cm height, and 1.16 cm stem diameter. The plastochron at the vegetative phase was 15.7 °C day node-1 and at the reproductive phase 20.6 °C day node-1. The fruit reached the harvest point with 3,045.3 °C day, corresponding to 179 days from the sowing or 100 days after transplantation, and the production period was extended for 60 days. Under the edaphoclimatic conditions (subtropical region), the production was 151.2 g per plant with estimated yield of 1,007.8 kg ha-1.A fisális (Physalis peruviana L.) é uma frutífera que apresenta elevado valor agregado e expressivos teores de componentes benéficos ao organismo humano. No entanto, o desconhecimento das fases fenológicas limita a expansão da cultura em ambiente subtropical, especialmente em condições de cultivo em campo aberto, pois esta é uma planta típica de origem tropical. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a fenologia relacionada com o crescimento e a produção da fisális cultivada em ambiente subtropical em condição de cultivo em campo aberto. As fases fenológicas foram determinadas a partir das avaliações realizadas desde a data de emergência até a senescência da planta. O ciclo da fisális compreendeu um período de 254 dias com total de 3.843,6 graus-dia. A fisális apresentou valores máximos de 179 folhas, 193 cm de altura e 1.16 cm de diâmetro da haste. O plastocrono foi de 15.7 °C dia nó-1 na fase vegetativa e de 20.6 °C dia nó-1 na fase reprodutiva. Os frutos atingiram o ponto de colheita com 3.045,3 graus-dia, correspondendo aos 179 dias após a semeadura ou a 100 dias após o transplante, e o período produtivo prolongou-se por 60 dias. Nas condições edafoclimáticas vigentes (região subtropical), a produção foi de 151,2 g planta-1 com produtividade estimada de 1.007,8 kg ha-1
Water content of pomegranate seeds subjected to storage and packaging periods
Get PDFThe worldwide demand for unconventional fruits, such as pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), has been growing due to their nutraceutical characteristics. Given the social and industrial importance of the crop, information about the seed storage conditions should be elucidated to technify its cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate, by determining the water content, the behavior of pomegranate seeds when stored in different periods and packages. The seeds were separated into 2 lots: seeds with sarcotesta and for another lot, seeds without sarcotesta. The storage periods used were: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, in 3 types of packaging (polyethylene, paper bags and glass bottles), which were stored in BOD at 5±0.2ºC and relative humidity 35±2%. After storage periods, the seed water content was evaluated. Throughout storage periods, polyethylene containers reduced the water content of seeds with and without sarcotesta. Paper bags did not preserve the water content of both types of pomegranate seeds. The water content of pomegranate seeds with and without sarcotesta was better conserved when glass containers were used for storage.The worldwide demand for unconventional fruits, such as pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), has been growing due to their nutraceutical characteristics. Given the social and industrial importance of the crop, information about the seed storage conditions should be elucidated to technify its cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate, by determining the water content, the behavior of pomegranate seeds when stored in different periods and packages. The seeds were separated into 2 lots: seeds with sarcotesta and for another lot, seeds without sarcotesta. The storage periods used were: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, in 3 types of packaging (polyethylene, paper bags and glass bottles), which were stored in BOD at 5±0.2ºC and relative humidity 35±2%. After storage periods, the seed water content was evaluated. Throughout storage periods, polyethylene containers reduced the water content of seeds with and without sarcotesta. Paper bags did not preserve the water content of both types of pomegranate seeds. The water content of pomegranate seeds with and without sarcotesta was better conserved when glass containers were used for storage
Are biomass partitioning and nutrient accumulation in industrial tomato influenced by NPK fertilization?
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the uptake, accumulation, and partitioning of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the tomato crop fertilized with doses of NPK. The main plots consisted of three doses of N: 90, 135, and 180 kg ha-1, P: 270, 405, and 540 kg ha-1, and K: 225, 337, and 450 kg ha-1 (equivalent to 50, 75, and 100 % of the fertilization recommendation for industrial tomato), while the subplots consisted of the evaluation periods: 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 days after transplanting (DAT). The dry matter and the accumulation of N, P, and K were characterized in the different plant components (leaves, stems, fruits, and total). The order of nutrient uptake for the hybrid BRS Sena was defined as K> N> P. The dose corresponding to 50 % NPK resulted in the maximum accumulation of total dry matter of 400 g per plant at 64 DAT and the total accumulation of 10, 1.14, and 14.51 g per plant of N, P, and K, respectively. The intermediate dose of NPK resulted in the maximum accumulation of total dry matter of 468 g and accumulations of 14, 1.6, and 19 g per plant of N, P, and K. At 100 % of the NPK recommendation, there was 514 g per plant of total dry matter, with maximum accumulations of 15, 1.6, and 18 g per plant of N, P, and K. The maximum accumulation rate of N, P, and K occurs at 60, 64, and 70 DAT for the fertilization recommendations corresponding to 50, 75, and 100 % NPK, respectively.Objetivou-se avaliar a absorção, acúmulo e partição de nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P) e potássio (K) pelo tomate rasteiro irrigado com doses de NPK. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As parcelas principais foram constituídas de três doses de N: 90, 135 e 180 kg ha-1, P: 270, 405 e 540 kg ha-1 e K: 225, 337 e 450 kg ha-1 (equivalentes a 50, 75 e 100% da recomendação de adubação para o tomateiro industrial) e nas subparcelas foram amostradas plantas nas épocas: 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 dias após o transplantio (DAT). Caracterizou-se a matéria seca e acúmulo de N, P e K, nos componentes da planta (folha, haste, frutos e total). A ordem de absorção de nutrientes para o BRS Sena foi K>N>P. Na dose 50% de NPK houve máximo acúmulo de 400 g por planta de matéria seca total aos 64 DAT, e acúmulo total de 10; 1,14 e 14,51 g por planta de N, P e K, respectivamente. Na dose intermediária da recomendação de adubação NPK com produção 468 g por planta de matéria seca total houve acúmulos de 14; 1,6 e 19 g por planta de N, P e K. Em 100% da recomendação de adubação NPK, houve 514 g por planta de matéria seca total com máximos acúmulos de 15; 1,6 e 18 g por planta de N, P e K. A taxa de máximo acúmulo de N, P e K ocorre aos 60, 64 e 70 DAT para as recomendações de adubação 50, 75 e 100% NPK, respectivamente. A exportação dos macronutrientes seguiu a ordem decrescente K>N>P, para todas as recomendações de adubação NPK
Selection of genotypes with ornamental potential in an F4 population of ornamental peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) based on multivariate analysis
Get PDFAbstract: The commercialization of ornamental pepper plants has been growing in the national and international floriculture markets. In spite of this growth, there are still few available cultivars for ornamental purposes, suggesting a need for improvement programs in this segment. Given the exposed, this work aimed to select genotypes with ornamental pepper potential using multivariate analysis. The work was performed in a plant nursery at the Campus of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). One segregating F4 (17.15) population was used, analyzing 16 qualitative and quantitative morphological descriptors. The experimental design was completely randomized. 45 plants belonging to an F4 segregating population were evaluated. Singh’s criterion was adopted to quantify the relative contribution of the characteristics. Afterward, Tocher’s clustering method based on the generalized distance of Mahalanobis was used for the quantitative variables. Gower’s distance was employed for the qualitative variables, and afterward, a joint analysis with qualitative and quantitative data was performed, using the sum of distances of both types of variables. Furthermore, a non-metric multidimensional scaling was applied. Based on qualitative traits 14 clusters were formed. Multidimensional scaling based on quantitative traits the most divergent genotypes were 17, 12, 36, 23, and 19. According to the analysis performed the genotypes 12, 16, 19, 15, 29, 41 and 44 are indicated to open line in F5 generation.
Keywords: diversity, gower, Mahalanobis, ornamental plant
Root system of ‘BRS Platina’ banana under irrigation levels and planting densities
Get PDFBanana production stands out in Brazilian semiarid agriculture; however, due to little availability of water resources, associating water-saving technologies with knowledge on parameters involved in the interplay between plants and soil is critical to improving banana production systems. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of planting densities and irrigation levels on root length density of ‘BRS Platina’ banana and to correlate root parameters to crop yield and leaf area. A randomized block design was used, with factors arranged in split plots and treatments replicated three times: four irrigation levels (55%, 70%, 85% and 100% ETc) were assigned to plots and four planting densities (1,600; 2,000; 2,666; and 3,333 plants ha-1) to subplots. Root length density (RLD) was measured at five distances from the pseudostem, longitudinally to a row of plants: 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.10 m; and at three depths for each distance: 0 to 0.20 m, 0.20 to 0.40 m and 0.40 to 0.60 m from surface level. Root length densities were highest at 100% ETc irrigation level and at 2,666 plants ha-1 and 3,333 plants ha-1, within 0.31 m deep and within 0.78 m of the pseudostem. Irrigation interacts with root system, and coupled with higher planting densities, contributes to increasing crop yields of ‘BRS Platina’ banana plants.A bananicultura se destaca no setor agrícola do semiárido brasileiro, no entanto, com a baixa disponibilidade de água, torna-se necessário a associação de tecnologias que proporcionem alta eficiência de uso da água, e o conhecimento de parâmetros que inter-relacionam o sistema planta-solo é relevante para indicação de um sistema de produção. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a densidade de comprimento de raízes de bananeira ‘BRS Platina’ sob diferentes densidades de plantio e lâminas de irrigação e as correlações com produtividade e área foliar. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições, sendo quatro lâminas de irrigação (55%, 70%, 85% e 100% da ETc) na parcela e quatro densidades de plantio diferentes (1.600, 2.000, 2.666 e 3.333 plantas por hectare) na subparcela. A densidade de comprimento de raízes (DCR) foi analisada em cinco distâncias do pseudocaule, longitudinalmente à linha de plantas: 0,10 m, 0,25 m, 0,50 m, 0,75 m e 1,10 m e em três profundidades para cada distância: de 0 a 0,20 m, de 0,20 a 0,40 m e de 0,40 a 0,60 m da superfície do solo. Os maiores valores de DCR foram encontrados sob lâmina de irrigação de 100% da ETc, nas densidade de plantio de 2.666 plantas ha-1 e 3.333 plantas ha-1, em até 0,31 m de profundidade e até 0,78 m de distância do pseudocaule. A irrigação apresenta interação com sistema radicular que juntamente com a densidade de plantio contribuem para aumento da produtividade da ‘BRS Platina’