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Mineral and organic fertilizer combined with doses of Azospirillum brasilense in an orchid hybrid
Get PDFOrchid production requires careful management of the crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of transplanted seedlings of hybrid orchid Cattleya virginia x BrassoCattleya pastoral, added with Azospirillum brasilense and different sources of fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a private orchard in the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon (PR). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme (2 fertilization sources x 4 concentrations of A. brasilense), containing four replications with 5 plants per replicate, totaling 160 homogeneous seedlings, where the fertilization sources were Bokaschi® as a source of organic fertilizer and NPK in formulation 10-10-10 as a soluble mineral at the rates: C1 = 0 mL-1 water, C2 = 1.0 mL-1 water, C3 = 1.5 mL -1 of water and C4 = 2.0 mL-1 of water. After 10 months, phytotechnical evaluations were performed, such as total number of roots; length of the largest root; number of leaves; length and width of the largest sheet; number of pseudobulbs; number of shoots; diameter of the pseudobulb. The use of Masterfix Gramines® in the growth of the hybrid Cattleya virginia x BrassoCattleya pastoral, provided the increase in the diameter of the pseudobulb, the largest number of roots and the largest root length. The interaction of the addition of A. brasilense with mineral fertilization with NPK in the formulation 10-10-10 obtained the highest number of shoots.Para produção de orquídeas são necessários vários cuidados no manejo da cultura. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o crescimento de mudas transplantadas de orquídea híbrida Cattleya virginia x BrassoCattleya pastoral, adicionados de Azospirillum brasilense e diferentes fontes de adubação. O experimento foi conduzindo em orquidário particular no município de Marechal Cândido Rondon (PR). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (2 fontes de adubação x 4 concentrações de A. brasilense), contendo quatro repetições com 5 plantas por repetição, totalizando 160 mudas homogêneas, onde as fontes de adubação foram o Bokaschi® como fonte de adubo orgânico e NPK na formulação 10-10-10 como mineral solúvel, nas doses: C1 = 0 mL-1 de água, C2 = 1,0 mL-1 de água, C3 = 1,5 mL-1 de água e C4 = 2,0 mL-1 de água. Após 10 meses foram realizadas avaliações fitotécnicas, como número total de raízes; comprimento da maior raiz; número de folhas; comprimento e largura da maior folha; número de pseudobulbos; número de brotos; diâmetro do pseudobulbo O uso de Masterfix Gramíneas® no crescimento do híbrido Cattleya virginia x BrassoCattleya pastoral, proporcionou o aumento no diâmetro do pseudobulbo, o maior número de raízes e o maior comprimento de raiz. A interação da adição de A. brasilense com a adubação mineral com NPK na formulação 10-10-10 obteve o maior número de brotos
In vitro propagation of Vanda orchid: a review
Get PDFVanda for the past decade has been the primadonna of ornamental orchids in the south and southeast Asia, along with Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium. Along with the increase in demand for Vanda, this genus has faced several threats from illegal collection to habitat loss. Mass propagation through in vitro culture is a promising strategy to make ensure sustainable business in horticulture, as well as for conservation purposes. This review provides an overview and synthesizes of various Vanda in vitro culture literature. We showed the researchers\u27 preferences on several aspects for growing Vanda, including species, basal medium, plant growth regulators, explant, and culture conditions. The most commonly used as explants are seeds or protocorms, growing on Murashige & Skoog or Vacin & Went medium. This medium can be added banana homogenate to increase its nutritional value. Vanda seedlings can be incubated at 25 ± 1-3oC, with a lighting intensity of 50 μmol m-2 s-1 at 12/16 h PP. Choosing a medium that is cheaper but still rich in nutrients and its additives especially during the subculture phase; selection of explants that are responsive and minimizing the possibility of contamination; as well as seeing the target market in particular, can make Vanda\u27s propagation efforts more effective, efficient, and profitable
Phenological growth stages of Gaúcho tomato based on the BBCH scale
Get PDFThe phenological growth stages of Gaúcho tomato were firstly described here using the BBCH scale. Based on this general scale, tomato gaúcho phenology showed 8 of 10 principal stages: germination, leaf development, formation of side shoots, inflorescence emergency, flowering, fruit development, maturity of fruit and senescence. A practical use of the scale is proposed, with particular reference to harvest time and management treatments. This scale aims to support farmers and researchers to efficiently plan management practices and experimental treatments.  
Production of blueberries in subtropical climate of altitude
Get PDFPhenology and production potential studies are important to choose the cultivars more adapted to the climatic conditions of a region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenology, productivity and fruit quality of blueberry cultivars in subtropical climate of altitude, in three production cycles (2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015). Eight cultivars from rabbiteye (Aliceblue, Bluebelle, Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax, Delite, Powderblue and Woodard) and two from highbush (Georgiagem and O\u27Neal) groups was evaluated. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications and six plants per plot, with four useful plants. The beginning and the end of flowering, beginning and end of harvest, production, berry weight, berry size, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio and skin color of blueberries were evaluated. The cultivars had flowering period from July to September, and concentrated harvest in November and December. ‘Bluegem’ presented the highest yields in the three evaluated cycles, reaching the production of 1215 g plant-1 in the third cycle. This cultivar also showed low acidity and high ratio. Berry size, pH and soluble solids contents were very close with some variations among the cultivars, in the three cycles evaluated. Coloring of the fruit presented few variations over the years of assessment. The most productive blueberry cultivar is the Bluegem, followed by cultivars Climax, Delite and Powderblue, of rabbiteye group, demonstrating better fit for cultivation in subtropical climate of altitude
Genetic diversity of Passiflora setacea in different regions of Bahia, Brazil, through SSR markers
Get PDFPassiflora setacea DC. is a wild species of passion fruit popularly known as ‘maracujá-do-sono’ or ‘sururuca’. It has been recognized for its potential in passion fruit genetic improvement, due to its resistance to several phytopathogens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among and within wild populations of P. setacea DC. from different regions of Bahia state, Brazil, revealed by SSR markers. In this regard, 147 samples of plants were collected from 18 localities and six different identity territories in the state. Six pairs of primers were able to amplify polymorphic loci for all individuals. We performed principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) using Nei genetic distances between individuals of each locations. In addition, we performed two Bayesian analyzes, using Structure and Structurama softwares. High levels of genetic differentiation between populations were observed, as well as the absence of correlation between genetic and geographic distances using the Mantel test. The populations have moderate polymorphism and diverge into two groups: one including populations from the southwestern distribution range, while the other contains all other populations. The existence of two genetic groups was supported by both Bayesian analyses of genetic structure. These results indicate that these populations should be considered for conserving the diversity of P. setacea in germplasm banks, as well as the use in genetic improvement programs of passion fruit
Genetic diversity of pepper genotypes for use as ornamental plants
Get PDFThe commercialization of ornamental pepper trees constitutes an important source of income for the agricultural populations. Despite the great variability that exists, in Brazil few commercial varieties are used for this purpose. The presence of genetic diversity is the main criterion for a successful selection and progress in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic diversity among pepper genotypes, aiming at their use in ornamentation, through the description of morpho-agronomic characteristics. 14 quantitative characteristics and seven qualitative characteristics related to plant, flower and fruit were evaluated in 29 pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes. Using the mixed model methodology and analysis of genetic diversity, genetic variability was verified between the genotypes. The genotypes were divided into seven groups of genetic similarity in terms of quantitative characteristics, three in terms of qualitative characteristics and five groups considering the characteristics together. Thus, the genetic variability of the genotypes can be exploited to produce superior combinations while.A comercialização de pimenteiras ornamentais constitui importante fonte de renda para as populações agrícolas. Apesar da grande variabilidade existente, no Brasil poucas variedades comerciais são destinadas a esse fim. A presença de diversidade genética é o principal critério para uma seleção e progresso bem-sucedidos em um programa de melhoramento. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a diversidade genética entre genótipos de pimenta, visando seu uso na ornamentação, através da descrição de características morfo-agronômicas. 14 características quantitativas e sete características qualitativas relacionadas a plantas, flores e frutos foram avaliadas em 29 genótipos de pimenta (Capsicum annuum). Utilizando a metodologia do modelo misto e a análise da diversidade genética, verificou-se a variabilidade genética entre os genótipos. Os genótipos foram divididos em sete grupos de similaridade genética em termos de características quantitativas, três em termos de características qualitativas e cinco grupos considerando as características em conjunto. Assim, a variabilidade genética dos genótipos pode ser explorada para produzir combinações superiores
Growth of tamarind seedlings using pre-germinative treatments and different substrates
Get PDFA cultura do tamarindo vem ganhando destaque em consequência da adaptabilidade à região nordeste e das diversas finalidades que o seu fruto pode proporcionar. Porém, seu cultivo possui ainda restrita especificidade para os tratos culturais, fundamental para maximizar a exploração comercial desta espécie, como o processo de produção de mudas, que é primordial para se alcançar alta produtividade, principalmente em espécies frutíferas. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento em mudas de tamarindeiro sob a influência de tratamentos pré-germinativos e diferentes substratos. A pesquisa foi conduzida em ambiente protegido, nas dependências da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, campus Pombal. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, cujo primeiro fator equivale aos tratamentos pré-germinativos (escarificação mecânica com a lixa e embebição em água por 24 horas; corte do tegumento e embebição em água por 24 horas; embebição em água por 24 horas; semente embebida em água com Trichoderma harzianum por 24 horas; e semente embebida em água contendo Trichoderma longibrachiatum por 24 horas) e o segundo fator aos substratos (100% solo; solo + substrato comercial basaplant Solaris® (3:2); solo + esterco bovino (3:2);e, solo + esterco caprino (3:2)), com 6 repetições. O crescimento das mudas de Tamarindus indica L. obteve os melhores índices de crescimento com os substratos formulados da mistura de esterco caprino e solo, sendo assim o mais a fonte mais viável. O uso dos tratamentos pré-germinativos com embebição da semente em Trichoderma ssp. estimulou crescimento das mudas.
Palavras-chaves: desenvolvimento vegetativo, embebição de sementes, insumo orgânico, Tamarindus indica L.
 
Occurrence of the Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in Jataí, Brazil
Get PDFThe objective was to characterize the introduction of the passion fruit woodiness disease in plants and fruits of passion fruit in Jataí - GO. Plants of passion fruit showed the symptoms of the virus at the end of the first year in the field. Infection was confirmed by serological analysis using the PTA ELISA indirect test. This report will contribute to the information already known about this disease, and will serve as a basis for passion fruit producers to identify symptoms in plants affected with the virus
Microbiological and parasitological monitoring in the lettuce production chain of family farming
Get PDFLettuce is a vegetable consumed raw and can be a vehicle for diseases caused by microrganisms and parasites. The objective of this work was to carry out microbiological and parasitological monitoring in the production chain of lettuce, determining the main points of contamination during cultivation, harvest and handling. Microbiological analyses were performed on samples of organic compost, irrigation water, waste water from the wash tank, water that supplies the wash tank, lettuce, lanyard hands, surfaces of the wash tank and harvest box, during six production cycles. Parasite analyzes were performed on organic compost, water samples and lettuce. The irrigation water proved to be of excellent quality. The organic compost used for fertilization did not meet the microbiological limits established by current legislation and all samples presented Entamoeba spp cysts. E.coli was detected in the hand of the harvester (3rd cycle), in the harvest box (5th cycle) and in the samples of residual water from the pre-wash and water that supplies the pre-wash tank. The contamination points detected were not directly related to the contamination of the harvested lettuce. Of the lettuce samples analyzed, only 3% showed unacceptable quality according to current legislation.A alface é um vegetal consumido cru, podendo ser um veículo de doenças causadas por microrganismos e parasitas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi efetuar o monitoramento microbiológico e parasitológico na cadeia de produção de alface crespa, determinando os principais pontos de contaminação durante o cultivo, colheita e manuseio. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas em amostras de composto orgânico,água de irrigação, água residual do tanque de lavagem, água que abastece o tanque de lavagem, alfaces, mãos do colhedor, superfícies do tanque de lavagem e caixa de colheita, durante seis ciclos produtivos. Análises de parasitas foram realizadas no composto orgânico, amostras de água e alface. A água de irrigação mostrou-se de ótima qualidade microbiológica e parasitológica. O composto orgânico utilizado para adubação não atendeu os limites microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação vigente e todas amostras apresentaram cistos de Entamoeba spp. Escherichia coli foi detectada na mão do colhedor (3º ciclo), na caixa de colheita (5º ciclo) e nas amostras de água residual da pré-lavagem e água que abastece o tanque de pré-lavagem. Foi detectado Entamoeba spp em alfaces (1º e 3º ciclos). Os pontos de contaminação detectados não apresentaram relação direta com a contaminação da alface colhida. Das amostras de alface analisadas apenas 3% apresentaram qualidade inaceitável de acordo com a legislação vigente
Biostimulants in the development of tomato and collard greens seedlings
Get PDFThe success of crop yields begins with the use of quality seedlings. Crops from vigorous plants respond better to phytosanitary treatments and management techniques, resulting in economic returns and better use of inputs. The objective of this study was to evaluate NPK fertilizer rates and rates of an NPK + auxin biostimulant on the effects over agronomic features of Collard Greens and salad tomato seedlings. The research consisted of two experiments in randomized block, with four replications each. Both experiments were in factorial scheme 2 x 4, consisting of the combination of two nutrient sources (NPK fertilizer 9-45-11 and biostimulant composed of NPK 9-45-11 + 400 mg kg -1 of auxin IAA), and four rates, being then 50; 100; 150 and 200% of the recommended rate of biostimulant for tomato and 50; 75; 100 and 125% of the recommended rate for Collard Greens. The biostimulant favored the development of tomato seedlings, since it provides greater root dry mass accumulation and didn’t promote seedling shedding, as it occurred in the application of NPK fertilizers. On the other hand, the Collard Greens seedlings didn’t distinguish by the presence of auxin in the biostimulant, developing greater seedlings heights with NPK application. Concentrations of 50-200% of the recommended biostimulant fertilizer didn’t interfere on root length, diameter and root dry mass of Collard Greens