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The Leaf nutrient content of ‘Jade’ peach grafted on 22 clonal rootstock and in own-rooted trees
No full textThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of 22 clonal rootstocks and own-rooted scion trees (without rootstock) on leaf nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu and B) of the ‘Jade’ scion peach growing in a no-irrigated area with Peach Tree Short Life (PTSL) history, as well as their effects on nutrient agronomic interpretation. Macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micronutrient contents (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were determined in the first and second years after tree planting, in Pelotas-RS, Brazil. We conclude that leaf contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Mn and Zn are influenced by the scion/rootstock combinations and own-rooted trees tested. Treatments changed agronomic interpretation classes of all macro and micronutrients. For macronutrients, ‘Flordaguard’, De Guia, Tardio-01 rootstocks and the own-rooted trees stood out, with leaf nutrient contents similar or even higher than trees grafted on ‘Capdeboscq’ and ‘Aldrighi’. For micronutrients, trees on GxN.9, ‘Ishtara’ and ‘Santa Rosa’ plum stood out. From a nutritional point of view, own-rooted ‘Jade’ peach trees did not present any limitations
Parsley production using organic fertilizers before planting and in top dressing
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two organic fertilizers used before planting and in top dressing in the production of parsley. Seven treatments were evaluated, resulted from the factorial 2 x 3 + 1: two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake, and hoof and horn powder) x 3 modes of application (100% before planting; 100% in top dressing; 50% before planting and 50% in top dressing) + 1 control. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five replications and plots of 1 m2. Two harvests were done and in both the following characteristics were evaluated: the relative chlorophyll index ("Spad\u27\u27), plant height, fresh (FW) and dry (DW) matter weight of shoot and macronutrients accumulation. There was no significant difference for the ‘’Spad” index in both harvests. For the other characteristics, the control was inferior to the other treatments. In the comparison among application modes, the treatment with castor bean cake, 100% before planting, was inferior to the other applications modes of this fertilizer for FW and DW. For hoof and horn powder, the 100% in top dressing application mode was superior to other applications. In the comparison between fertilizers, the hoof and horn powder was superior to castor bean cake in both harvests when application was done 100% before planting. The descending order of macronutrients accumulation was: K > N > Ca > P > Mg. Therefore, it is recommended to apply hoof and horn powder, 100% in top dressing application.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two organic fertilizers used before planting and in top dressing in the production of parsley. Seven treatments were evaluated, resulted from the factorial 2 x 3 + 1: two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake, and hoof and horn powder) x 3 modes of application (100% before planting; 100% in top dressing; 50% before planting and 50% in top dressing) + 1 control. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five replications and plots of 1 m2. Two harvests were done and in both the following characteristics were evaluated: the relative chlorophyll index ("Spad\u27\u27), plant height, fresh (FW) and dry (DW) matter weight of shoot and macronutrients accumulation. There was no significant difference for the ‘’Spad” index in both harvests. For the other characteristics, the control was inferior to the other treatments. In the comparison among application modes, the treatment with castor bean cake, 100% before planting, was inferior to the other applications modes of this fertilizer for FW and DW. For hoof and horn powder, the 100% in top dressing application mode was superior to other applications. In the comparison between fertilizers, the hoof and horn powder was superior to castor bean cake in both harvests when application was done 100% before planting. The descending order of macronutrients accumulation was: K > N > Ca > P > Mg. Therefore, it is recommended to apply hoof and horn powder, 100% in top dressing application
Organomineral as a substitute for mineral fertilization in potato cultivation
Get PDFPotato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) is one of the most responsive crops to fertilizer application, which drives theneed to rationalize and make the most of nutritional resources in efficient and sustainable management. Basedon the hypothesis that the organomineral is a great alternative to increase potato productivity (Ágata andAtlantic cultivars) and that it can be indicated as a substitute for mineral fertilizers, this study aims to evaluatethe effect of organomineral doses applied in the planting furrow on potato productivity to identify the bestlevel of mineral fertilizer replacement. A study was conducted in the city of Cristalina (state of Goiás, Brazil),evaluating the replacement of 40, 60, 80, and 100% of mineral fertilizer (standard) provided via organomineralfertilizer in two widely cultivated varieties. The total productivity and the productivity in classes were monitored,as well as the nutrient contents in the leaves. The results showed that the organomineral is a great alternative toincrease potato productivity and can be indicated as a substitute for mineral fertilizers. For the cultivar Ágata,an organomineral dose of 80% is recommended concerning mineral fertilization. On the other hand, for theAtlantic cultivar, the same dose of mineral fertilizer is recommended. In both cultivars, there was an increase intuber size with organomineral fertilization, which indicates greater efficiency in tuber productivity.Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) is one of the most responsive crops to fertilizer application, which drives theneed to rationalize and make the most of nutritional resources in efficient and sustainable management. Basedon the hypothesis that the organomineral is a great alternative to increase potato productivity (Ágata andAtlantic cultivars) and that it can be indicated as a substitute for mineral fertilizers, this study aims to evaluatethe effect of organomineral doses applied in the planting furrow on potato productivity to identify the bestlevel of mineral fertilizer replacement. A study was conducted in the city of Cristalina (state of Goiás, Brazil),evaluating the replacement of 40, 60, 80, and 100% of mineral fertilizer (standard) provided via organomineralfertilizer in two widely cultivated varieties. The total productivity and the productivity in classes were monitored,as well as the nutrient contents in the leaves. The results showed that the organomineral is a great alternative toincrease potato productivity and can be indicated as a substitute for mineral fertilizers. For the cultivar Ágata,an organomineral dose of 80% is recommended concerning mineral fertilization. On the other hand, for theAtlantic cultivar, the same dose of mineral fertilizer is recommended. In both cultivars, there was an increase intuber size with organomineral fertilization, which indicates greater efficiency in tuber productivity
Growth curve pea in different seasons as a function of accumulated thermal sum
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to determine the performance of peas grown in the field, in three growing seasons, by adjusting the nonlinear logistic model and its critical points. Uniformity trials were conducted in the field in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 in the experimental area of the Crop Science Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria. The cultivar used was the Pea Grain 40. The values of the average mass of pods per plant, obtained in each harvest, were accumulated successively for each row of cultivation. After adjusting the nonlinear logistic model, the average pod mass per plant as a function of the accumulated thermal sum and the critical points were estimated by the partial derivatives of the adjusted function. The adjustment of the parameters of the logistic model and the critical points calculated by bootstrap resampling allowed comparisons to be made between the times of pea cultivation. The pea crop is influenced by environmental conditions, which interferes with the crop cycle and productivity. Season 1 was the most productive, with maximum increases in production in the shortest period (592.5 °C days-1 to produce 119.52 g plant-1), causing a high production peak in relation to the other seasons analyzed. The adjustment of the logistic model allowed to describe the pea production cycle over time at different growing seasons.The objective of this study was to determine the performance of peas grown in the field, in three growing seasons, by adjusting the nonlinear logistic model and its critical points. Uniformity trials were conducted in the field in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 in the experimental area of the Crop Science Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria. The cultivar used was the Pea Grain 40. The values of the average mass of pods per plant, obtained in each harvest, were accumulated successively for each row of cultivation. After adjusting the nonlinear logistic model, the average pod mass per plant as a function of the accumulated thermal sum and the critical points were estimated by the partial derivatives of the adjusted function. The adjustment of the parameters of the logistic model and the critical points calculated by bootstrap resampling allowed comparisons to be made between the times of pea cultivation. The pea crop is influenced by environmental conditions, which interferes with the crop cycle and productivity. Season 1 was the most productive, with maximum increases in production in the shortest period (592.5 °C days-1 to produce 119.52 g plant-1), causing a high production peak in relation to the other seasons analyzed. The adjustment of the logistic model allowed to describe the pea production cycle over time at different growing seasons
Physiological and sanitary attributes of organic lettuce seeds treated with essential oils during storage
Get PDFThe use of quality seeds becomes crucial in the seed production system. In the production of organic seeds, there is a need for specific techniques. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the applications of clove, lemongrass, rosemary, eucalyptus, ginger and tea tree essential oils in different concentrations of lettuce seeds. Seed quality was determined by physical (water content), physiological (germination and vigor) and sanitary parameters, immediately after the application of essential oils and after 180 days of storage. The design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (6x5) with four replications. The application of rosemary, ginger and tea tree essential oils to the seeds shortly after harvest did not interfere with germination. The other essential oils resulted in reduced germination and vigor. Increasing the concentration of essential oils, especially clove and lemongrass, reduced germination, vigor and incidence of fungi. It was concluded that Clove, Lemongrass, eucalyptus, ginger, Rosemary and tea tree essential oils reduced the physiological quality of lettuce seeds and inhibited the development of Alternaria sp. lettuce.The use of quality seeds becomes crucial in the seed production system. In the production of organic seeds, there is a need for specific techniques. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the applications of clove, lemongrass, rosemary, eucalyptus, ginger and tea tree essential oils in different concentrations of lettuce seeds. Seed quality was determined by physical (water content), physiological (germination and vigor) and sanitary parameters, immediately after the application of essential oils and after 180 days of storage. The design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (6x5) with four replications. The application of rosemary, ginger and tea tree essential oils to the seeds shortly after harvest did not interfere with germination. The other essential oils resulted in reduced germination and vigor. Increasing the concentration of essential oils, especially clove and lemongrass, reduced germination, vigor and incidence of fungi. It was concluded that Clove, Lemongrass, eucalyptus, ginger, Rosemary and tea tree essential oils reduced the physiological quality of lettuce seeds and inhibited the development of Alternaria sp. lettuce
Meio de cultura dupla-fase e reguladores vegetais na micropropagação de amoreira-preta
No full textMicropropagation is a technique that consists of producing disease-free and genetically uniform in vitro plants, which are produced in a shorter period of time than conventional propagation methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consistency of the culture medium and the concentrations of BAP on the multiplication of sprouts, and concentrations of IBA on in vitro rooting of the Ébano and Tupy blackberry cultivars. The experiments were divided into three parts: In the first stage, culture media with solid, liquid, and double-phase texture were evaluated aiming at selecting the best culture medium in relation to quantity and quality of the sprouts. In the second stage, BAP concentrations were analyzed aiming at increasing the quantity of sprouts. In the third stage, IBA concentrations were evaluated aiming at optimizing root formation in the cultivars. The double-phase and liquid culture did not differ in the number of sprouts and leaves per explant and length of sprouts. The highest multiplication of sprouts on double-phase medium occurred with 5 μM L-1 BAP. Rooting was stimulated with the use of IBA and the best concentration was estimated at 1.1 μM IBA. Themultiplication of Ébano and Tupy cultivars can be carried out in double-phase MS medium with 5 μM L-1 BAP and rooting in MS medium with 1.1 μM L-1 IBA.A micropropagação é uma técnica que consiste em produzir plantas in vitro livres de doenças e geneticamente uniformes, produzidas em tempo menor que os métodos de propagação convencionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da consistência do meio de cultura e de concentrações de BAP na multiplicação de brotações e de concentrações de AIB no enraizamento in vitro das cultivares Ébano e Tupy de amoreira-preta. Os experimentos foram divididos em três partes: na primeira etapa foram avaliados meios de cultura com textura sólida, líquida e dupla-fase, com o objetivo de selecionar o melhor meio de cultura em relação a quantidade e qualidade das brotações. Na segunda etapa foram analisadas concentrações de BAP, com o objetivo de aumentar a quantidade de brotações. Já na terceira etapa foram avaliadas concentrações de AIB para melhorar a formação de raízes nas cultivares. Os meios de cultura dupla-fase e líquido não diferiram em relação ao número brotações e folhas por explante e comprimento das brotações. A maior multiplicação dos brotos em meio dupla-fase ocorreu com 5 μM de BAP. O enraizamento foi estimulado com o uso de AIB e a melhor concentração foi estimada em 1,1 µM de AIB. A multiplicação das cultivares Ébano e Tupy pode ser realizada em meio MS dupla-fase com 5 μM de BAP e o enraizamento em meio MS com 1,1 µM de AIB
Desempenho de cultivares de pimentão colorido sob diferentes concentrações de solução nutritiva
No full textKnowledge on the nutritional requirement of the crop under cultivation systems adapted to local realities,in addition to the adequate availability of nutrients in nutrient solution, is of fundamental importance bothfor plant growth and for the production of quality fruits. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production performance of colored bell pepper cultivars in an open hydroponic system under different concentrations of nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at IFAL, Piranhas Campus, in a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates and in split plots, with plots containing three concentrations of nutrient solution (75%, 100% and 125%) and subplots containing three bell pepper cultivars (All Big, Sucesso and Beti-R). Concentration of nutrients at 75% of the standard nutrient solution differed from the other concentrations for plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and fresh and dry mass of the plant. The total number of fruits and number of marketable fruits were higher in the Beti-R and Sucesso hybrids when subjected to concentrations of 75% and 100%, respectively. The total yields of the Beti-R and Sucesso hybrids were higher atthe concentration of 75%, with maximum values of 24.19 t ha-1 and 17.11 t ha-1, respectively. The concentration of 100% of the standard solution promoted higher results for the All Big cultivar.O conhecimento da exigência nutricional da cultura sobre sistemas de cultivo adaptados a realidades locais, além da adequada disponibilidade de nutrientes em solução nutritiva é de fundamental importância tanto para o crescimento da planta quanto para a produção de frutos de qualidade. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de cultivares de pimentão colorido em sistema semi-hidropônico sob diferentes concentrações nutritivas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas, com tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, consistindo em três cultivares de pimentão e três concentrações de solução nutritiva, 75%, 100% e 125%, com quatro repetições, totalizando 36 unidades experimentais. A cultivar utilizada foi a All Big e os híbridos Sucesso e Beti-R. A concentração de nutrientes em 75% da solução nutritiva utilizada influenciou diretamente na produtividade total dos híbridos Beti-R e Sucesso, apresentando 24,25 t ha-1 e 17 t ha-1, respectivamente. A concentração padrão em 100% proporcionou maiores resultados para a cultivar All Big. Quantidades superiores de nutrientes afetam o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da cultura do pimentão, sendo fundamental a utilização da correta concentração de nutrientes para obter melhores e maiores resultados de acordo com cada cultivar
Produção de mudas de Talisia esculenta sob irrigações com água salina em substrato com hidrogel
No full textSalinity is one of the factors that compromise the formation of seedlings, so it is necessary to associate measures that mitigate its effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation frequencies, water salinity, polymer and container volume on the growth and quality of Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hil.)Radlk seedlings.The treatments were obtained from the combination of polymer concentrations (0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0 and 1.2 gdm-3), electrical conductivities of water (0.3; 1.1; 2.7; 4.3 and 5.0 dS m-1) and irrigation frequencies (daily and alternate) plus two additional treatments to evaluate container volume. The growth and quality of seedlings were analyzed at 100 days after sowing. Reduction in irrigation frequency from daily to alternate days reduced the growth, biomass accumulation, and quality of the seedlings. Overall, salinity hampered the formation of the seedlings while the polymer had positive effects. T. esculenta seedlings are considered to be sensitive to salinityand should be irrigated using water with conductivity of up to 0.7 dS m-1 at a daily frequency of application. The polymer can be incorporated up to 1.2 g dm-3 and containers with higher volumetric capacity (0.75 vs 1.30 dm3) are indicated for the production of T. esculenta seedlings.A salinidade é um dos fatores que compromete a formação de mudas, necessitando associar medidas que mitiguem seus efeitos. O objetivo com esta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos das frequências de irrigação, salinidade da água, polímero e volume de recipiente no crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hil.) Radlk. Os tratamentos foram obtidos da combinação entre concentração de polímero (0,0; 0,2; 0,6; 1,0 e; 1,2 g dm-3), condutividades elétricas da água (0,3; 1,1; 2,7; 4,3 e; 5,0 dS m-1) e frequências de irrigação (diária e alternada) mais dois tratamentos adicionais para avaliar volume do recipiente. Foram analisados o crescimento e qualidade das mudas aos 100 dias após a semeadura. A redução na frequência de irrigação de diária para dias alternados diminuiu o crescimento, o acúmulo de biomassa, e a qualidade das mudas. No geral, a salinidade prejudicou a formação das mudas enquanto o polímero teve efeitos positivos. Mudas de T. esculenta são consideradas sensíveis à salinidade, devendo-se irrigar com água de condutividade de até 0,7 dS m-1 com frequência diária de aplicação. O polímero pode ser incorporado até 1,2 g dm-3 e recipientes com maior capacidade volumétrica (0,75 vs 1,30 dm3) são indicados na produção das mudas de T. esculenta
Eficiência fotoquímica de porta-enxertos de cajueiro sob estresse salino e aplicação foliar de silicato de potássio
No full textThe cashew tree is one of the most economically important fruit trees in Brazil, especially in the Northeast region. However, abiotic factors such as the salinity of water and soils in this region stand out as a limiting factor for this crop, affecting all stages of development, as well as physiological and biochemical processes. Therefore, the use of products that mitigate such damage becomes necessary, with silicon and potassium as a viable alternative. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the photochemical efficiency of cashew tree rootstock subjected to water salinity and foliar potassium silicate application. A randomized block design, distributed in a 5x5 factorial scheme, with four replications and two plants per plot, was used, the treatments being by conductivity of the irrigation water - CEa (0.3, 1, 1.7, 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) and potassium silicate concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg L-1) applied via the leaves. The salinity of irrigation water causes reductions in the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and, consequently, in the photosynthetic apparatus of cashew plants, 70 days after sowing. The concentration of 250 mg L-1 of potassium silicate promotes an increase in the quantum yield of cashew plants under salt stress conditions.
O cajueiro é uma das frutíferas de maior importância econômica no Brasil, especialmente na região Nordeste. Porém, fatores abióticos como a salinidade da água e dos solos dessa região destaca-se como fator limitante para essa cultura, afetando em todas as fases de desenvolvimento, bem como nos processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos. Diante disso, o uso de produtos que amenize tais danos, torna-se necessário, tendo no silício e potássio uma alternativa viável. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência fotoquímica de porta-enxerto de cajueiro submetido à salinidade da água e aplicação de silicato de potássio foliar. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, distribuído em esquema fatorial 5x5, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela, sendo os tratamentos por condutividade da água de irrigação - CEa (0,3, 1, 1,7, 2,4 e 3,1 dS m-1) e concentrações de silicato de potássio (0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 mg L-1) aplicadas via foliar. A salinidade da água de irrigação ocasiona reduções na eficiência fotoquímica do fotossistema II e consequentemente, no aparato fotossintético de plantas de cajueiro, aos 70 dias após a semeadura. A concentração de 250 mg L-1 de silicato de potássio promove aumento no rendimento quântico de plantas de cajueiro em condições de estresse salino
Crescimento e caracterização físico-química de tomate cereja sob irrigação com águas salinas e adubação nitrogenada
No full textSaline water is an alternative to the low availability of high-quality water in semi-arid regions. However, although these water sources negatively affect most crops, their use allied to management practices aiming to mitigate the effects of salts has been increasingly studied, including nitrogen fertilization. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the growth and physicochemical characterization of cherry tomato plants irrigated with saline water and nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at the Center of Sciences and Agrifood Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande in Pombal – PB, using a randomized block design arranged as a 5 × 5 factorial referring to five electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1) and five nitrogen doses - ND (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of the N recommendation), with three replications. The nitrogen doses did not mitigate the effects of salt stress on plant height and stem diameter of cherry tomato. However, irrigation with the electrical conductivity of 3.3 dS m-1 increased the soluble solids of cherry tomato fruits.O uso de águas salinas é uma alternativa em vista a baixa disponibilidade de águas de boa qualidade no semiárido. Essas águas ocasionam efeitos negativos para a maioria das culturas, mas o seu uso aliado a estratégias de manejo que mitiguem os efeitos dos sais vem sendo estudado, como a adubação nitrogenada. Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e a caracterização físico-química dos frutos de tomateiro cereja irrigado com águas salinas e adubação nitrogenada, no semiárido paraibano. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo no centro de ciências e tecnologia agroalimentar – UFCG, Pombal–PB, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, referentes a cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,3; 1,3; 2,3; 3,3 e 4,3 dS m-1) e cinco doses de nitrogênio - DN (50; 75; 100; 125 e 150% da recomendação), com 3 blocos e 1 planta por parcela, totalizando assim 75 unidades experimentais. As doses de nitrogênio não mitigam o estresse salino na altura de planta e diâmetro do caule de tomate cereja. A irrigação com água de condutividade elétrica até 3,3 dS m-1 eleva o teor de sólidos solúveis dos frutos de tomate cereja