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Quality and postharvest conservation of sour passion fruit genotypes
Get PDFThe postharvest phase is a limiting factor for climacteric fruits such as passion fruit due to rapid deterioration causing wilting and favoring the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the postharvest quality of passion fruit genotypes cultivated in Mâncio Lima, Acre, as a function of the storage period after harvest. The experiment was set up and conducted at the Plant Science Laboratory of the Federal University of Acre, Campus Floresta. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 10 x 5 factorial arrangement referring to 10 sour passion fruit genotypes and five postharvest evaluation periods, with three replications of six fruits. The fruits were evaluated for physical and chemical quality. Analysis of variance and polynomial regression were performed at 5% significance. The genotypes showed oscillations regarding the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits depending on the storage time. All evaluated genotypes are recommended for cultivation. However, when harvested directly from the ground after detached from the plant, fruits must be stored for up to 10 days at room temperature.The postharvest phase is a limiting factor for climacteric fruits such as passion fruit due to rapid deterioration causing wilting and favoring the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the postharvest quality of passion fruit genotypes cultivated in Mâncio Lima, Acre, as a function of the storage period after harvest. The experiment was set up and conducted at the Plant Science Laboratory of the Federal University of Acre, Campus Floresta. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 10 x 5 factorial arrangement referring to 10 sour passion fruit genotypes and five postharvest evaluation periods, with three replications of six fruits. The fruits were evaluated for physical and chemical quality. Analysis of variance and polynomial regression were performed at 5% significance. The genotypes showed oscillations regarding the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits depending on the storage time. All evaluated genotypes are recommended for cultivation. However, when harvested directly from the ground after detached from the plant, fruits must be stored for up to 10 days at room temperature
Are pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin options for application in transplanted onions?
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of the herbicides pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin for transplanted onion, which currently do not have registration for this crop in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in two commercial crops in Imbuia and Curitibanos, SC, Brazil, with four replications. The herbicides application was carried out pre-emergence of weeds, after onion transplanting in both experiments. The Imbuia experiment had eight treatments: T1: diuron (D) + pyroxasulfone (PYR) (500 + 50 g ha-1), T2: D + PYR (500 + 75 g ha-1), T3: D + PYR (500 + 100 g ha-1), T4: D + PYR + flumioxazin (FLU) [500 + (60 + 40 g ha-1)], T5: D + PYR + FLU [500 + (75 + 50 g ha-1)], T6: D + PYR + FLU [500 + (90 + 60 g ha-1)], T7: Weed free check, and T8: Control. In Curitibanos, had an additional treatment, with application of diuron (500 g ha-1). Evaluation consisted of identification and weed control, crop phytotoxicity, onion stand, and diameter and yield of bulbs. Pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin, with diuron, were effective in control of Polygonum persicaria, Galinsoga parviflora, and Coronopus didymus, regardless of the dose used. Diuron with pyroxasulfone at a dose of 100 g ha-1 and with pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin (60 + 40, 75 + 50, and 90 + 60 g ha-1) were effective in Raphanus spp. control in boths experiments. The control showed losses in its total yield compared to the weed free check, decreasing by 81,7% in Imbuia and 90,3% in Curitibanos. The herbicides used were selective and are importante tools for weed management in transplanted onion.This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of the herbicides pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin for transplanted onion, which currently do not have registration for this crop in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in two commercial crops in Imbuia and Curitibanos, SC, Brazil, with four replications. The herbicides application was carried out pre-emergence of weeds, after onion transplanting in both experiments. The Imbuia experiment had eight treatments: T1: diuron (D) + pyroxasulfone (PYR) (500 + 50 g ha-1), T2: D + PYR (500 + 75 g ha-1), T3: D + PYR (500 + 100 g ha-1), T4: D + PYR + flumioxazin (FLU) [500 + (60 + 40 g ha-1)], T5: D + PYR + FLU [500 + (75 + 50 g ha-1)], T6: D + PYR + FLU [500 + (90 + 60 g ha-1)], T7: Weed free check, and T8: Control. In Curitibanos, had an additional treatment, with application of diuron (500 g ha-1). Evaluation consisted of identification and weed control, crop phytotoxicity, onion stand, and diameter and yield of bulbs. Pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin, with diuron, were effective in control of Polygonum persicaria, Galinsoga parviflora, and Coronopus didymus, regardless of the dose used. Diuron with pyroxasulfone at a dose of 100 g ha-1 and with pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin (60 + 40, 75 + 50, and 90 + 60 g ha-1) were effective in Raphanus spp. control in boths experiments. The control showed losses in its total yield compared to the weed free check, decreasing by 81,7% in Imbuia and 90,3% in Curitibanos. The herbicides used were selective and are importante tools for weed management in transplanted onion
Compatibility of wild rootstocks in the production of cherry tomato seedlings
Get PDFGrowing tomato crops is a highly significant activity in Brazil; however, several factors limit tomato productivity, mainly soil-borne diseases which, without proper control, can compromise the entire crop production. The proper use of grafting techniques emerges as an alternative to overcome barriers that limit tomato production in regions with unfavorable growth conditions. The use of rootstocks resistant to root diseases is seen as a viable option for tomato production. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the compatibility and efficiency of rootstocks for cherry tomatoes. A randomized block design was used, with five treatments and four replications; each plot consisted of 36 grafted seedlings. The treatments consisted of rootstocks of Eggplant, Jurubeba, Jilo, and Tomato (Intacto; Feltrin Sementes®), and a Control (cherry tomato without grafting). All rootstocks were compatible with cherry tomatoes. Moreover, seedlings grafted onto Jurubeba rootstocks presented results closest to the Control (cherry tomatoes). Seedlings grafted onto Jurubeba and Eggplant rootstocks presented the best results regarding vegetative development and total dry matter accumulation. Jurubeba and Eggplant rootstocks are viable alternatives for grafting cherry tomato seedlings. All utilized rootstocks can be further investigated for their resistance to root diseases affecting tomato crops.Growing tomato crops is a highly significant activity in Brazil; however, several factors limit tomato productivity, mainly soil-borne diseases which, without proper control, can compromise the entire crop production. The proper use of grafting techniques emerges as an alternative to overcome barriers that limit tomato production in regions with unfavorable growth conditions. The use of rootstocks resistant to root diseases is seen as a viable option for tomato production. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the compatibility and efficiency of rootstocks for cherry tomatoes. A randomized block design was used, with five treatments and four replications; each plot consisted of 36 grafted seedlings. The treatments consisted of rootstocks of Eggplant, Jurubeba, Jilo, and Tomato (Intacto; Feltrin Sementes®), and a Control (cherry tomato without grafting). All rootstocks were compatible with cherry tomatoes. Moreover, seedlings grafted onto Jurubeba rootstocks presented results closest to the Control (cherry tomatoes). Seedlings grafted onto Jurubeba and Eggplant rootstocks presented the best results regarding vegetative development and total dry matter accumulation. Jurubeba and Eggplant rootstocks are viable alternatives for grafting cherry tomato seedlings. All utilized rootstocks can be further investigated for their resistance to root diseases affecting tomato crops
Air assistance and spray volumes on the coverage, droplet density, and spray deposition in melon plants
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of air assistance on the coverage, droplet density, and deposition of the mixture volume applied to melon plants. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design set up in a 4 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement referring to four spray nozzles (AVI 110-02, TT 110-02, AVI 110-03, and TT 110-03), four mixture volumes (140, 200, 300, and 400 L ha-1), and two application techniques (with and without air assistance), at a constant working pressure of 300 kPa. Deposition analysis was performed by using a bright blue dye, and the coverage pattern and droplet density were analyzed using water-sensitive paper tags attached to the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf blade of melon plants. Air assistance in the spray boom improved the deposition of the mixture sprayed on melon leaves only when using nozzle TT 110-02, whereas nozzles TT 110-03, AVI 110-02, and AVI 110-03 were not influenced by air assistance. Coverage and spray deposition on the adaxial leaf surface increased with the mixture volume applied for all nozzles. The technique using water-sensitive tags is not efficient to evaluate droplet density when working with high spray volumes.This study aimed to evaluate the influence of air assistance on the coverage, droplet density, and deposition of the mixture volume applied to melon plants. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design set up in a 4 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement referring to four spray nozzles (AVI 110-02, TT 110-02, AVI 110-03, and TT 110-03), four mixture volumes (140, 200, 300, and 400 L ha-1), and two application techniques (with and without air assistance), at a constant working pressure of 300 kPa. Deposition analysis was performed by using a bright blue dye, and the coverage pattern and droplet density were analyzed using water-sensitive paper tags attached to the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf blade of melon plants. Air assistance in the spray boom improved the deposition of the mixture sprayed on melon leaves only when using nozzle TT 110-02, whereas nozzles TT 110-03, AVI 110-02, and AVI 110-03 were not influenced by air assistance. Coverage and spray deposition on the adaxial leaf surface increased with the mixture volume applied for all nozzles. The technique using water-sensitive tags is not efficient to evaluate droplet density when working with high spray volumes
Growing lettuce seedlings in different organic composts used as substrate
Get PDFLettuce is the most important vegetable in the world and the most consumed in Brazil. Seedling production with a good quality substrate is very important in the lettuce crop production process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of organic compost substrates in the production of lettuce seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using polyethylene trays containing 128 trapezoidal cells in a completely randomized design with a 5 × 2 factorial scheme consisting of 5 substrates (commercial substrate; compost I; compost II; compost III; compost IV) and P2O5 supplementation (absent and 0.525 kg m−3 P2O5) and 4 replications. Substrates were produced by composting agro-industrial waste: sawdust, wood shavings and residues from a restaurant, pig litter, cattle manure, residues from the shoot and tubers of sweet potato, soybean residue, and drained bovine ruminal residue. The emergence, plant height, number of leaves, fresh root and shoot biomass, and clod stability of the substrate were evaluated. The substrate formulated from pig litter, cattle manure, and sweet potato (compost II) and pig litter and drained bovine ruminal residue (compost IV) formed seedlings with a greater clod stability of the substrate, plant height, number of leaves, and fresh root and shoot biomass. Substrates based on composting pig litter, cattle manure, and sweet potato (composts II) and pig litter and drained bovine ruminal residue (compost IV) were most suitable for producing lettuce seedlings
Bioactive compounds and physico-chemical characteristics of guavas bagged with different materials
Get PDFThere are several alternatives to bags used for field fruit bagging but little is known about their management in the orchards and the influence of the materials on the phytochemicals and on the physicochemical properties of the fruits after harvest. This study aimed at evaluating fruit bagging with different materials regarding its management and interference in bioactive compounds and physico-chemical features of guava cultivars ‘Paluma’, ‘Século XXI’ and ‘Pedro Sato’, which were cultivated in an organic farming system. The experiment was carried in Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 harvests. Guavas underwent the following treatments: no bagging (witness); non-woven fabric (TNT); kraft paper; white paper and transparent perforated polyethylene. The following fruit quality variables were analyzed: total phenols; antioxidant activity; carotenoids; peel color; soluble solids; pH; and titratable acidity. This study found that bagging materials interfered both in the phenol content and in the antioxidant activity of the three guava cultivars even though they did not affect pulp carotenoids. Fruit bagging with TNT and transparent perforated polyethylene provided more resistance against weather adversities. Bagging of guava cultivars ‘Paluma’, ‘Século XXI’ and ‘Pedro Sato’ changed the phytochemical and physicochemical features of the fruits.There are several alternatives to bags used for field fruit bagging but little is known about their management in the orchards and the influence of the materials on the phytochemicals and on the physicochemical properties of the fruits after harvest. This study aimed at evaluating fruit bagging with different materials regarding its management and interference in bioactive compounds and physico-chemical features of guava cultivars ‘Paluma’, ‘Século XXI’ and ‘Pedro Sato’, which were cultivated in an organic farming system. The experiment was carried in Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 harvests. Guavas underwent the following treatments: no bagging (witness); non-woven fabric (TNT); kraft paper; white paper and transparent perforated polyethylene. The following fruit quality variables were analyzed: total phenols; antioxidant activity; carotenoids; peel color; soluble solids; pH; and titratable acidity. This study found that bagging materials interfered both in the phenol content and in the antioxidant activity of the three guava cultivars even though they did not affect pulp carotenoids. Fruit bagging with TNT and transparent perforated polyethylene provided more resistance against weather adversities. Bagging of guava cultivars ‘Paluma’, ‘Século XXI’ and ‘Pedro Sato’ changed the phytochemical and physicochemical features of the fruits
Performance of table tomato plants with irrigation shifts associated with rooting agent doses
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the development and production of table tomato plants, cultivar BSDS0005, in a protected environment, using different irrigation schedules and doses of the rooting agent Raizal®. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Morrinhos from June to October 2021. The design was randomized blocks with three replications arranged in a split-plot scheme, with three irrigation shifts (1, 2, and 3 days) in the plots and five doses of Raizal® rooting agent (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g plant-1) in the sub-plots. 14.5 L pots of soil were used, arranged in double rows, 0.4 m between pots, 0.45 m between single rows, and 1.15 m between double rows. A drip irrigation system was used, with 2 L h-1 self-compensating emitters. Irrigation was managed by replenishing 100% of the crop evapotranspiration in each irrigation shift. The results show that the Raizal® was efficient at a dose of 10 g plant-1, with better performance in flower abortion rate and yield. The two-day irrigation shift showed better performance in terms of root dry mass (18.14 g root-1), flower abortion rate (57.41%), yield, and water use efficiency (0.077 m3 kg-1 of fruit).This study aimed to evaluate the development and production of table tomato plants, cultivar BSDS0005, in a protected environment, using different irrigation schedules and doses of the rooting agent Raizal®. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Morrinhos from June to October 2021. The design was randomized blocks with three replications arranged in a split-plot scheme, with three irrigation shifts (1, 2, and 3 days) in the plots and five doses of Raizal® rooting agent (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g plant-1) in the sub-plots. 14.5 L pots of soil were used, arranged in double rows, 0.4 m between pots, 0.45 m between single rows, and 1.15 m between double rows. A drip irrigation system was used, with 2 L h-1 self-compensating emitters. Irrigation was managed by replenishing 100% of the crop evapotranspiration in each irrigation shift. The results show that the Raizal® was efficient at a dose of 10 g plant-1, with better performance in flower abortion rate and yield. The two-day irrigation shift showed better performance in terms of root dry mass (18.14 g root-1), flower abortion rate (57.41%), yield, and water use efficiency (0.077 m3 kg-1 of fruit)
Fertigation of arugula crops grown in saline soils
Get PDFArugula is a leafy vegetable that has been standing out in terms of consumption due to its nutritional content. The crop has low tolerance to water salinity (ECw), and information on the management of fertilization in saline environments is scarce. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the nutritional aspects of arugula under different soil salinity levels and fertilization doses via fertigation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during two production cycles in 2021 in a randomized block design and a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four soil salinity levels (ECse = 0.57, 1.3, 2.3, and 3.3 dS m−1) and three doses of a mineral fertilizer based on the recommended fertilization via fertigation (F1 = 100%, F2 = 50%, and F3 = 25%). The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn were evaluated after harvesting. Salinity directly affected the concentration of mineral elements in arugula leaf during the first cycle, mainly Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn. The fertigation strategy with 100% of the recommended fertilization showed better results than the other doses for N, P, K, and S. In the second cycle, all elements showed a reduction due to the high ECse, mainly the value of 3.3 dS m−1. The fertigation strategy that used 100% of the recommended fertilization promoted higher nutrient accumulation in arugula. The order of nutrient accumulation in arugula leaf was K>N>Ca>S>Mg>P>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu.Arugula is a leafy vegetable that has been standing out in terms of consumption due to its nutritional content. The crop has low tolerance to water salinity (ECw), and information on the management of fertilization in saline environments is scarce. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the nutritional aspects of arugula under different soil salinity levels and fertilization doses via fertigation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during two production cycles in 2021 in a randomized block design and a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four soil salinity levels (ECse = 0.57, 1.3, 2.3, and 3.3 dS m−1) and three doses of a mineral fertilizer based on the recommended fertilization via fertigation (F1 = 100%, F2 = 50%, and F3 = 25%). The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn were evaluated after harvesting. Salinity directly affected the concentration of mineral elements in arugula leaf during the first cycle, mainly Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn. The fertigation strategy with 100% of the recommended fertilization showed better results than the other doses for N, P, K, and S. In the second cycle, all elements showed a reduction due to the high ECse, mainly the value of 3.3 dS m−1. The fertigation strategy that used 100% of the recommended fertilization promoted higher nutrient accumulation in arugula. The order of nutrient accumulation in arugula leaf was K>N>Ca>S>Mg>P>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu
Hydroponic effluent as an alternative Fertilizer in Bell Pepper Production
Get PDFAs hydroponic systems expand and generate effluents, research has increasingly focused on their management due to potential environmental impacts. This study examined the effectiveness of using hydroponic effluents as fertilizer in bell pepper cultivation. The chemical composition of the effluents was analyzed and compared against water quality standards set by Resolution No. 222/02 of SEAM. The study employed two application methods (foliar and root) and three concentrations (0%, 50%, 100%) of effluents. A randomized complete block design was used to evaluate plant height, fruit number, and yield. Results showed that a 50% foliar application significantly increased plant height compared to the 100% concentration, with no significant differences in fruit number and yield. For root application, no significant differences were observed across the variables at different concentrations, although the best performance was noted at 50%. Comparative analysis between application methods revealed that root application resulted in taller plants but lower productivity. The study concludes that using hydroponic effluents as fertilizers affects bell pepper productivity, with a 50% concentration being most effective regardless of the application method.As hydroponic systems expand and generate effluents, research has increasingly focused on their management due to potential environmental impacts. This study examined the effectiveness of using hydroponic effluents as fertilizer in bell pepper cultivation. The chemical composition of the effluents was analyzed and compared against water quality standards set by Resolution No. 222/02 of SEAM. The study employed two application methods (foliar and root) and three concentrations (0%, 50%, 100%) of effluents. A randomized complete block design was used to evaluate plant height, fruit number, and yield. Results showed that a 50% foliar application significantly increased plant height compared to the 100% concentration, with no significant differences in fruit number and yield. For root application, no significant differences were observed across the variables at different concentrations, although the best performance was noted at 50%. Comparative analysis between application methods revealed that root application resulted in taller plants but lower productivity. The study concludes that using hydroponic effluents as fertilizers affects bell pepper productivity, with a 50% concentration being most effective regardless of the application method
The use of amino acids as bioactive substance: a strategy to increase yield in summer arugula (Eruca sativa L. Mill) crops
Get PDFFoliar application of amino acids can assist crops to maintain homeostasis under diurnal temperature variations and excessive solar irradiance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the organic fraction and mineral nutrients of an amino acid solution on arugula plants and the effects of weekly applications of this solution on their growth and biomass yield. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a greenhouse (Experiment 1) and on open-field benches (Experiment 2), in Iracemápolis, SP, Brazil. Experiment 1 consisted of foliar applications of water (control), a solution containing 59 and 40.9 g ha-1 of nitrogen and sulfur, respectively (N+S), and a solution containing 85 g ha-1 of amino acids, with seven replications. Experiment 2 consisted of four different number (0, 1, 2, and 3) of weekly foliar applications of 85 g ha-1 of amino acids, with six replications. Chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and fresh and dry biomass weights were evaluated in both experiments. In Experiment 1, shoot fresh weight of plants treated with amino acids increased by 21% and 6% compared to those in the control and N+S treatment, respectively. Amino acid application increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, improving photosynthetic performance by increasing effective quantum efficiency of photosystem II and photochemical quenching. In Experiment 2, weekly application of 85 g ha-1 of amino acids increased shoot fresh weight by approximately 10% per application. Therefore, foliar application of amino acids can increase fresh biomass of arugula plants grown under both mild and warmer climate conditions.Foliar application of amino acids can assist crops to maintain homeostasis under diurnal temperature variations and excessive solar irradiance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the organic fraction and mineral nutrients of an amino acid solution on arugula plants and the effects of weekly applications of this solution on their growth and biomass yield. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a greenhouse (Experiment 1) and on open-field benches (Experiment 2), in Iracemápolis, SP, Brazil. Experiment 1 consisted of foliar applications of water (control), a solution containing 59 and 40.9 g ha-1 of nitrogen and sulfur, respectively (N+S), and a solution containing 85 g ha-1 of amino acids, with seven replications. Experiment 2 consisted of four different number (0, 1, 2, and 3) of weekly foliar applications of 85 g ha-1 of amino acids, with six replications. Chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and fresh and dry biomass weights were evaluated in both experiments. In Experiment 1, shoot fresh weight of plants treated with amino acids increased by 21% and 6% compared to those in the control and N+S treatment, respectively. Amino acid application increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, improving photosynthetic performance by increasing effective quantum efficiency of photosystem II and photochemical quenching. In Experiment 2, weekly application of 85 g ha-1 of amino acids increased shoot fresh weight by approximately 10% per application. Therefore, foliar application of amino acids can increase fresh biomass of arugula plants grown under both mild and warmer climate conditions