HAL-Université de Bretagne Occidentale
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Le rôle du contexte résidentiel pour expliquer le tri des déchets : vers une théorie systémique du tri
No full textDespite the availability of recycling services, many materials are poorly sorted in collective housing. Explanatory models tend to focus on individual variables, whereas decision-making research highlights the im- portance of the immediate context. Decisions can be automatically influenced by the residential context, without activating conscious beliefs or intentions. The residential environment can also generate cognitive and emotional attachment, whose effects on recycling are still poorly understood. A qualitative study (1) in collective housing revealed under- explored residential mechanisms. A model centered on the residential context was tested using the SEM-PLS and NCA methods (2). This model explains 51% of the variance in recycling behavior and identifies both significant and necessary variables. However, these results are not generalizable to all collective housing settings, especially in social housing within Priority Urban Area. This context accumulates barriers to recycling and influences several psychological factors. A systemic approach is needed to model this complexity and intervene effectively. A study (conducted in Trappes) based on interviews and site visits enabled the construction of a Causal Loop Diagram (3). This tool revealed feedback loops and the key role of stakeholders. This doctoral researchcontributes to a systemic theory of sorting, promoting social change beyond individual behaviors.Malgré́ les services de recyclage, de nombreux matériaux sont mal triés en habitat collectif. Les modèles explicatifs se concentrent sur des variables individuelles, alors que les recherches en prise de décision montrent l’importance du contexte immédiat. Les décisions peuvent être influencées automatiquement par le contexte résidentiel, sans croyances conscientes ni intention. La résidence peut aussi générer un attachement cognitif et émotionnel, dont les effets sur le tri restent mal compris. Une étude qualitative(1) en habitat collectif a révélé des mécanismes résidentiels peu explorés. Un modèle axé sur le contexte résidentiel a été testé avec la méthode SEM-PLS et NCA (2). Ce modèle explique 51 % de la variance du tri et identifie des variables significatives et nécessaires. Toutefois, ces résultats ne sont pas généralisables à tous les habitats collectifs, notamment aux HLM en Quartier Prioritaire de la Ville. Ce contexte cumule des obstacles au tri et influence plusieurs paramètres psychologiques. Une approche systémique est nécessaire pour modéliser cette complexité et intervenir efficacement. Une étude (réalisée à Trappes) fondée sur des entretiens et des visites de sites a permis de construire un Diagramme en Boucles Causales (3). Cet outil a révélé des boucles de rétroaction et le rôle clé des parties prenantes. Cette recherche doctorale contribue à une théorie systémique du tri, favorisant un changement social au-delà des comportements individuels
Pockmark Distribution and Genesis in the Mediterranean and Black Seas: A Regional Synthesis
No full textInternational audiencePockmarks are ubiquitous seafloor depressions formed by the fluid/gas seepage through marine sediments, with implications for geohazards, benthic ecosystems, and climate-related processes. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms controlling the formation and spatial distribution of pockmarks are not completely understood, owing to the diverse and site-specific geo-environmental conditions. In this study, we provide a first review of over 7500 pockmarks mapped across the Mediterranean and Black seas, showing their relationship with depth range, slope gradient, seafloor lithology, proximity to tectonic faults, and sediment thickness. Our analysis reveals that pockmarks are predominantly located at intermediate water depths (100–700 m), with two main clusters around 100–200 and 500–700 m. They are commonly found on gently sloping seafloor (<4°), often clustering around slope breaks. In detail, two slope-related peaks around 1.5° and 3.5° suggest distinct geological settings for pockmark formation: sediment-rich and low-energy environments versus more dynamic slope domains. Fault proximity plays a critical role, with over 40% of pockmarks occurring within 1 km of mapped faults, indicating that structural discontinuities act as preferential fluid pathways. Pockmarks concentrate in areas with moderate Plio-Quaternary sediment thickness (300–600 m), suggesting an optimal window for overpressure generation and fluid expulsion. A strong lithological control is evident: 74% of pockmarks occur on muddy sand or sand-rich substrates. In terms of ongoing to recent seepage/activity, ~27% of pockmarks show evidence of ongoing fluid seepage (e.g., acoustic gas flares, seismic wipeouts), particularly in regions such as the Black Sea, Aegean, and Central Tyrrhenian, where faulting, salt tectonics, or hydrothermal systems enhance permeability. Conversely, pockmarks in the Western Mediterranean appear to be generally inactive and buried. These findings underscore the influence of tectono-sedimentary architecture on seafloor fluid escape and provide essential insight into methane seepage, slope stability, and benthic habitats. This pedagogic review enhances our understanding of pockmark systems and establishes a foundation for future geohazard assessment, climate studies, and marine resource exploration
Demus nunc in pressenti. La charte fondatrice du prieuré de Saint-Sauveur-des-Landes (années 1040), entre les temps carolingiens et l’époque féodale
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TLM Method with Non-Orthogonal Hexahedral Meshing with Unconditional Stability
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents an unconditionally stable TLM algorithm with non-orthogonal hexahedral meshing. This type of meshing can be very useful when dealing with curved boundaries (e.g., for dosimetry applications). Such non-orthogonal mesh can drastically reduce the staircase error produced by normal orthogonal meshes. Moreover, the staircase approximation in lossy media produces artificial corners and edges. These corners and edges are considered as singularity points/regions in which the electromagnetic fields can keep increasing as we continue to refine the mesh. Therefore, classical convergence tests will fail to tell us if the simulation results are correct or not. However, in this study, we try to minimize such effects by adopting non-orthogonal meshing. Note that non-orthogonal cells can be used only in some regions (e.g., the surface of the human body), while the rest of the computational domain can use traditional orthogonal TLM cells. Moreover, such cells are 6-faced cells as conventional SCN-TLM cells, hence, they fit perfectly inside the computational domain without any modifications to the algorithm at the interface between the non-orthogonal and orthogonal cells. Note that, the use of conventional non-orthogonal cells can result in small timestep reduction, however, their advantages exceed the use of finemeshing. Moreover, in this study we present the mode decomposition scheme to eliminate unstable modes when exceeding the CFL limit, resulting in an unconditionally stable scheme
Prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding and quality of life after venous thromboembolism by oral anticoagulant use: the GENB-OAC Study
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundanticoagulants cause abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in women of reproductive age with venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the safety profiles of oral anticoagulants (OACs) in this setting are unclear.Objectivesto analyzed the prevalence of AUB and quality of life (QoL) and compared in four groups (rivaroxaban, apixaban, vitamin K antagonists [VKA], and controls).Patients/Methods: the GENB-OAC study was a national, multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study conducted in 10 French hospitals during 2018–2022. The primary outcome was the proportion of women with major genital bleeding and/or clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) genital bleeding and/or Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Charts (PBAC) score >100.Resultsoverall, 445 women were included: 122 on apixaban, 123 on rivaroxaban, 81 taking VKAs, and 119 healthy controls. The primary genital bleeding endpoint was significantly higher in OAC vs control group (94.8% vs 82.4%; P < .001) and the rivaroxaban or VKA vs apixaban group (96.7% or 97.5% vs 90.1%; P = .039 and P = .047). Major genital bleeding was similar in the apixaban and rivaroxaban groups, but menstruation ≥8 days, CRNM bleeding, and PBAC >100 were significantly higher in the rivaroxaban vs apixaban group. QoL was significantly lower in the OAC vs control group, but similar in the three OAC groups.ConclusionsAUB is frequent in women of reproductive age. OACs increase AUB and impact women’s QoL. Apixaban is associated with less AUB than rivaroxaban or VKAs without a QoL difference. An international consensus is necessary to help clinicians detect and treat AUB in OAC users. 1.Oral anticoagulants increase abnormal uterine bleeding in childbearing women. 2.Oral anticoagulants worsen quality of life due to abnormal uterine bleeding. 3.Apixaban causes less abnormal uterine bleeding than rivaroxaban or VKAs. 4.A simple definition is needed to detect and manage abnormal uterine bleeding
Le retrait total de l'autorité parentale implique la perte automatique du droit de visite: observations sous Cass. 1re civ., 1er oct. 2025, no 24-10369
No full textInternational audienceDans un arrêt du 1er octobre 2025, la première chambre civile de la Cour de cassation a rendu un arrêt retenant que le retrait total de l’autorité parentale implique, pour le parent concerné, la perte automatique de son droit de visite, lequel est un attribut de l’autorité parentale d’après l’article 379 du Code civil. En outre, elle précise que le terme « ascendants » de l’article 371-4, alinéa 1er, du Code civil, ne concerne pas le père ou la mère de l’enfant
Ruxolitinib and Hydroxycarbamide Are the Most Efficient Drugs to Reduce Aquagenic Pruritus Intensity in a Real‐Word Cohort of Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Background Aquagenic pruritus (AP) is a common and distressing symptom in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients. Methods This study assessed cytoreductive therapy effectiveness using data from 489 patients in the OBENE Observatory (NCT02897297). AP severity was tracked regularly after diagnosis. Results Ruxolitinib and hydroxycarbamide reduced AP by 52.9% and 60.7%, respectively, but 61.4% still experienced persistent symptoms. Anagrelide and pegylated interferon were less effective and occasionally worsened AP. No correlation was found between full hematological response and symptom relief. Conclusion Despite treatment, AP remains prevalent, highlighting the need for targeted symptom management. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT0289729
Perceptions of airway protection tools: an international survey on the use of mouthpiece retaining straps in closed-circuit rebreather diving
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Rebreather diving carries a high fatality rate (estimated 1.8–3.8 deaths per 100,000 dives), yet its popularity is growing. Among 54 French military divers who lost consciousness underwater, none died when using a mouthpiece retaining strap (MRS) in a team diving setup. Despite this, MRS use remains limited among recreational divers for whom drowning is a major cause of death. This study assessed knowledge, perceptions, and training regarding MRS use within the rebreather diving community. Methods: An international online survey targeting certified rebreather divers was disseminated via social media. The survey gathered demographic information, diving experience, MRS usage, and details on related training. Results: A total of 563 responses were collected. Of these, 133 (23.6%) were instructors, and 210 (37.3%) had received MRS training. On a 0 to 100 scale, divers trained on MRS use rated MRS importance higher (median score: 74 [IQR 33–90]) than divers with no MRS training (median: 49 [IQR 16–67]). Barriers to MRS adoption included negative past experiences, poor training, misuse, and concerns about complications during bailout procedures. Conclusions: While not widely adopted among recreational divers, the MRS is supported by strong safety data. Formal training significantly improves its perceived value and acceptance. Greater involvement from manufacturers, training agencies, and instructors is essential to promote education and encourage MRS adoption as a key safety measure in rebreather diving
One surcharge, two dividends and multiple sources of mimicry: Evidence from the housing tax surcharge on second homes
No full textInternational audienceAs an incentive tax, the surcharge on second homes allows for the conversion of secondary dwellings into primary residences (first dividend) and, failing that, generates additional tax revenue for the municipality (second dividend). By controlling for motivations that measure housing conversion, tax revenues, tax exportation, and political ideology, our goal is to better understand the sources of spatial interactions between municipalities (informational externalities, tax competition, yardstick competition, avoidance of tax optimization strategies, inter-municipal cooperation, territorial solidarity). To this end, we use several spatial econometric models (Spatial autoregressive model, binary spatial autoregressive model, probit with endogenous covariates) and consider different neighborhood weighting schemes
