HAL-Université de Bretagne Occidentale
Not a member yet
    75442 research outputs found

    Portimine A toxin causes skin inflammation through ZAKα-dependent NLRP1 inflammasome activation

    No full text
    International audienceAbstract In 2020–2021, a “mysterious illness” struck Senegalese fishermen, causing severe acute dermatitis in over one thousand individuals following exposure through drift-net fishing activity. Here, by performing deep analysis of the environmental samples we reveal the presence of the marine dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum and its associated cyclic imine toxins. Specifically, we show that the toxin PortimineA, strongly enriched in environmental samples, impedes ribosome function in human keratinocytes, which subsequently activates the stress kinases ZAKα and P38 and promotes the nucleation of the human NLRP1 inflammasome, leading to the release of IL-1β/IL-18 pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell death. Furthermore, cell-based models highlight that naturally occurring mutations in the P38-targeted sites of human NLRP1 are unable to respond to PortimineA exposure. Finally, the development and use of human organotypic skins and zebrafish models of PortimineA exposure demonstrate that the ZAKα-NLRP1 axis drives skin necrosis and inflammation. Our results exemplify the threats to human health caused by emerging environmental toxins and identify ZAKα and NRLP1 as important pharmacological targets to mitigate PortimineA toxicity

    Holocene paleoenvironmental reconstructions in western Brittany (Bay of Brest): Part II – A 7 kyr human-environment story with a focus on the Neolithic-Bronze Age transition

    No full text
    International audienceThe Bay of Brest (BB, NW France) is a semi-enclosed basin of 180 km² subject to macro-tidal dynamics and to the fluvial influences of the rivers Aulne and Elorn, which combined drain watersheds of 2600 km². This coastal environment is subject to natural climate oscillations overlaid on the long-term landscape transformations inherited from the post-glacial sea level rise and increasing anthropogenic forcing since the Neolithic (6.9 ka BP), and especially from the Bronze Age (4.2 ka BP) onwards. The BB therefore appears suitable for the reconstruction of the interactions between climate, environment and human dynamics across the Holocene. In this study, a palynological stack was created based on five cores (including two new cores PALM-KS05 and PALM-KS06 from the Brest harbour), allowing us to discuss vegetation dynamics over the last 7 kyrs. Since the Neolithic period, the forest cover has decreased in favour of open and agro-pastoral landscapes. This trend is not uniform, however: forest cover first declined slowly around 4 ka BP, then strongly decreased at the end of the Iron Age, before experiencing a revival of about five centuries at the end of the Roman period (1.7–1.2 ka BP). Finally, a drastic fall of tree pollen taxa is recorded at the start of the Middle Ages. This study is the first on long-term Holocene trends that allows discussion of both climatic and anthropogenic forcing at an unprecedent average study resolution of 35 years. We also place this local evolution in a wider context to detail interactions between natural and anthropic forcings over the last 7 kyrs BP at a regional-scale and we discuss paleoenvironments and human dynamics thanks to the incorporation of an up-to-date corpus of archaeological data

    Plan de gestion de données du projet "Evolution de l'identité PAtrimoniale des Marais des Pertuis charentais en réponse à l'Aléa de Submersion marine (PAMPAS)"

    No full text
    PAMPAS : Evolution de l’identité PAtrimoniale des Marais des Pertuis charentais en réponse à l’Aléa de Submersion marine est un projet  de recherche collaborative (PRC)  de l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche (identifiant ANR-18-CE32-0006).PAMPAS est un projet interdisciplinaire visant à répondre à la fois aux enjeux sociétaux actuels d’adaptation au changement climatique et de transmission du patrimoine présent dans les zones de marais littoraux, appliqué à une échelle locale, mais transposable à l’échelle plus large des zones humides littorales.Il aborde la question du fonctionnement et du devenir des zones humides côtières face à l’aléa submersion marine à travers le prisme de l’identité patrimoniale pour aller au-delà des approches classiques d’évaluation de l’écologie de la conservation, de l’économie et de la gestion du patrimoine culturel, pour une meilleure gestion de ce patrimoine

    Collectif de recherche

    No full text
    Notice de la seconde partie de l'ouvrage : Petit lexique de la "recherche avec"

    Qui sont les éloignés du numérique ? Exemple de la Bretagne

    No full text
    Quels rapports les français entretiennent-ils avec le numérique ? C’est la question qui anime le GIS Marsouin depuis plus de vingt ans et pousse la recherche à approfondir davantage la question. Les résultats présentés dans cette note de synthèse sont issus de l’exploitation de l’enquête CAPUNI 2022 menée auprès des ménages et individus de plus de 18 ans résidant en Bretagne. Ce travail fait suite à ceux lancés dans le cadre de l’enquête CAPUNI Crise pendant le premier confinement du printemps 2020 mais également lors de l’enquête nationale CAPUNI en 2019. Afin d’affiner la compréhension des usages numériques, nous avons réalisé une typologie en intégrant l’ensemble des variables d’accès, d’équipements ainsi que de compétences numériques. Cet exercice a conduit à distinguer quatre profils d’usagers du numérique : les éloignés, les tenaces, les connectés et les expérimentés

    Maerl Bed Conservation: Successes and Failures

    No full text
    International audienceMost ecoregions lack data on maerl distribution and ecological status, so this needs fundamental research for conservation. Brittany, NW France, is an exception and has extensive research on maerl species, associated biodiversity, human‐induced impacts and protection efforts. Breton maerl habitats host exceptionally high species richness and functional diversity, surpassing all other coastal habitats in the region. The meiofauna and microflora of maerl beds and the role of these habitats as carbon stores remain poorly known. Bans on direct exploitation in Europe have led to environmental improvements, although maerl extraction has begun in other regions of the world. In Europe, serious maerl conservation problems persist, particularly due to scallop and clam dredging, eutrophication and mariculture impacts. Not enough has been done to curb these issues, which are proven to severely degrade maerl, its biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Conservation measures for maerl beds should be strengthened and codesigned with local stakeholders as these habitats take millennia to form and are inadequately protected by current strategies

    Comportements individualistes et projet collectif dans l’enseignement du football en EPS : exploiter des contrats de jeu pour « faire équipe »

    No full text
    International audienceLa problématique des comportements individualistes est au cœur de l’enseignement scolaire du football. Cette APS est originale car, contrairement aux autres sport-collectifs, elle oblige le pratiquant à se déplacer balle au pied. Dans un milieu saturé d’incertitudes, le joueur doit s’organiser préférentiellement avec le train locomoteur et agir sous forte contrainte temporelle et émotionnelle (Mombaerts, 2014). En outre, beaucoup d’élèves jouent au football depuis longtemps. Ils arrivent en EPS avec un bagage technique important (conduite de balles, dribbles, passes, contrôles, tirs etc.), et s’engagent souvent de façon individualiste pour démontrer leurs compétences et leur supériorité. La gestion de l’hétérogénéité apparait donc plus délicate en football et c’est probablement ce qui explique sa très faible représentation dans les programmations d’EPS (Travert, 2016). Nous pensons toutefois qu’à certaines conditions – principalement didactiques – le football peut engager les élèves dans un projet éducatif privilégiant le collectif, tout en préservant des espaces d’expression individuels. Plus précisément, l’objectif de cet article sera de proposer une démarche à la fois simple et lisible, structurée par la mise en place de contrats de jeu dans les leçons

    Exploring Baroclinic Instability of the Computational Kind (BICK) in Numerical Simulations of the Ocean

    No full text
    International audiencePrimitive‐equation models are essential tools for studying ocean dynamics and their ever‐increasing resolution uncovers ever finer scales. At mesoscales and submesoscales, baroclinic instability is one of the main drivers of turbulence, but spurious numerical instabilities can also arise, leading to nonphysical dynamics. This study investigates a spurious instability termed Baroclinic Instability of Computational Kind (BICK), discovered in Arakawa and Moorthi (1988, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520‐0469(1988)045<1688:BIIVDS>2.0.CO;2) and Bell and White (2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.08.001), through idealized configurations using a vertical (Modified) Lorenz grid. Here, we explore the growth of BICK within quasi‐geostrophic (QG) and hydrostatic primitive‐equation (HPE) frameworks for different setups: the canonical Eady configuration, stratification‐modified Eady configurations, and a surface‐intensified jet configuration. Our results confirm that the emergence of BICK is specific to the vertical staggering of the (Modified) Lorenz grids. Its growth is consistent with linear QG theory, and BICK is confined near the surface and bottom boundaries. In HPE simulations, the nonlinear evolution of BICK generates small‐scale spurious eddies and reduces frontal sharpness. Increasing the number of levels reduces BICK's horizontal scale down to below the model's effective resolution. We illustrate this property using regional HPE simulations with a varying number of levels. BICK is found to significantly affect the vertically under‐resolved simulations by introducing small‐scale noise from both the bottom and surface boundaries. Our recommendation is to keep the ratio between the model horizontal and vertical resolution greater than , where is the Brunt‐Väisälä frequency and the Coriolis parameter, to minimize the impact of BICK on the dynamics

    Diversité linguistique, éducation et transmission en Bretagne

    No full text
    International audienc

    0

    full texts

    75,442

    metadata records
    Updated in last 30 days.
    HAL-Université de Bretagne Occidentale
    Access Repository Dashboard
    Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇