HAL-Université de Bretagne Occidentale
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Seaweed in Agriculture: What We Use Today, What We Could Achieve Tomorrow
No full textInternational audienceSeaweed are a marine biomass rich in unique macromolecules and bioactive compounds not found in terrestrial plants. Already used across many industries—including agriculture to support plant nutrition and health, as well as in animal nutrition—seaweed are attracting growing interest from markets seeking biobased alternatives. To meet this demand and fully unlock their potential, eco‑friendly biorefinery approaches appear to be promising strategies to maximize seaweed value and enable more efficient, sustainable use of this versatile resource
Le travail émotionnel des enseignants d'Education Physique et Sportive lors de projets éducatifs proposés en Réseaux Education Prioritaire
No full textIn compensatory education, Physical Education (PE) teachers are encouraged to design and implement educational projects in order to meet the objectives set out in the framework of the French Ministry of National Education. However, the consequences of implementing such projects remain poorly documented, particularly with regard to the emotional labor experienced by teachers. Drawing on a situational psychological approach to emotional labor, we collected – through an online questionnaire followed by interviews – 110 critical incidents (CIs) experienced by 22 PE teachers over the course of one school year in compensatory education settings. Overall, 22 of the 110 CIs (20%) referred to an educational project that went beyond the ordinary PE lesson. Systematic analysis revealed three positive emotional inducers emerging from 14 CIs (63.6%), including the quantity and/or quality of students’ engagement. Conversely, two negative emotional inducers emerged from eight CIs (36.4%), including students’ disruptive behaviors. Teachers’ emotional experiences during these CIs were predominantly positive – particularly associated with feelings of satisfaction and joy – but also included negative emotions such as disappointment and anger. These emotional experiences were regulated by teachers through passive (N = 10; 45.4%), active (N = 4; 18.2%), or combined (N = 8; 36.4%) emotional labor strategies. Chi-square tests revealed significant statistical associations between emotional inducers, teachers’ emotional experiences, and their emotional regulation strategies. These findings are discussed in light of the emotional specificities of educational projects that go beyond the ordinary PE lesson within the particular context of compensatory education.En REP, les enseignants d'EPS sont incités à proposer à leurs élèves des projets éducatifs afin d'atteindre les objectifs formulés par le référentiel du Ministère de l'Education Nationale. Néanmoins, les conséquences de la mise en place de tels projets sont peu documentées, notamment en ce qui concerne le travail émotionnel induit chez l'enseignant. En nous basant sur une approche psychologique située du travail émotionnel, nous avons recueillivia un questionnaire en ligne puis des entretiens -110 incidents critiques (IC) vécus par 22 enseignants d'EPS au cours d'une année scolaire en REP. Au total, 22/110 IC (20 %) renvoyaient à un projet éducatif « dépassant » la leçon d'EPS ordinaire. D'après l'analyse systématique, trois inducteurs émotionnels positifs ont émergé de 14 IC (63,6 %), incluant la « Quantité et/ou qualité de l'engagement des élèves ». A l'opposé, deux inducteurs émotionnels négatifs sont ressortis de huit IC (36,4 %), incluant les « Comportements perturbateurs des élèves ». L'expérience émotionnelle des enseignants lors de ces IC était majoritairement positive, notamment liée à la satisfaction et à la joie, mais aussi négative, impliquant par exemple la déception et la colère. Cette expérience émotionnelle a été régulée par les enseignants sous la forme de stratégies de travail émotionnel passives (N = 10 ; 45,4 %), actives (N = 4 ; 18,2 %) ou combinées (N = 8 ; 36,4 %). Les tests Khi² ont révélé des associations statistiques significatives entre les inducteurs émotionnels, l'expérience émotionnelle et la régulation émotionnelle des enseignants. Ces résultats sont discutés au regard des spécificités émotionnelles des projets éducatifs « dépassant » la leçon d'EPS ordinaire dans le contexte spécifique de l'éducation prioritaire
BeHAVE : Un générateur de données de recommandations de groupes
No full textInternational audiencePlusieurs stratégies ont été proposées pour recommander des éléments à des groupes d'utilisateurs. Toutefois, la comparaison de leurs performances demeure limitée par l'absence de datasets représentatifs capables de refléter la diversité des scénarios de recommandation de groupe. Pour pallier ce manque, cet article propose deux contributions : (1) une analyse empirique des corpus utilisés pour la recommandation de groupes. Cette analyse est axée sur l'adaptabilité des utilisateurs lorsqu'ils passent de préférences individuelles à des choix collectifs, ainsi que sur la diversité des éléments d'intérêt ; (2) BeHAVE, le premier générateur de données configurable pour la recommandation de groupes. Basé sur un graphe de connaissances décrivant les éléments à recommander et leur sémantique, BeHAVE (Mokhtari et Smits, 2025) permet de simuler des interactions de groupes en contrôlant des paramètres tels que l'adaptabilité de ses utilisateurs et la diversité des éléments avec lesquels ils interagissent. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que BeHAVE ouvre la voie vers des évaluations réalistes et complètes de systèmes de recommandation de groupe
Deep transfer learning: new approach for predicting seismic vulnerability
No full textInternational audienceSeismic areas known for the catastrophic impact in both human and material loss, are considered as areas where identifying and predicting vulnerability is challenging specially when data is unavailable or its collection is time consuming and costly. This paper aims to predict vulnerability of Al Haouz, Morocco, particularly Amizmeez region (SSAm) recently affected by the September 8, 2023 earthquake, based on the seismic characteristic, collected from seismic area of both Agadir, Morocco (SSAg) and Turkey (SSTu). To achieve this goal a deep transfer learning domain adaptation framework was employed, mainly performing data processing and augmentation, followed by domain adaptation via the Conditional Domain Adversarial Network (CDAN). To enhance feature alignment, the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) method was applied before training the model. The framework was first validated on labeled SSAg data, achieving 82% accuracy, before being deployed to predict vulnerability in SSAm. Results were validated using both geological maps and visual damage, detected using deep learning YOLOv11 model based on satellite images, demonstrating its ability to identify vulnerability at locations with different seismic characteristics. Ultimately, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of domain adaptation in seismic risk assessment, offering a scalable solution for predicting vulnerability in regions with limited labeled dat
Clinical Manifestations of Emerging Trichosporon spp. Infections, France
No full textInternational audienceFungi in the family Trichosporonaceae are rarely involved in invasive disease but are frequently associated with colonization or respiratory allergic infection. Trichosporonaceae exhibit intrinsic resistance to echinocandin antimicrobial drugs, posing challenges for treatment and contributing to high mortality rates. We complied a nationwide analysis of 112 cases of invasive disease caused by Trichosporon spp. and related fungi, diagnosed in France over 20 years, that combined clinical data, susceptibility profiles, and molecular identification. We identified 12 species; T. asahii was the most common species recovered, and the new species T. austroamericanum was next. Comparison of clinical data highlighted species and genotypic differences, such as a much higher proportion of children infected by T. asahii and major differences in antimicrobial drug susceptibility. Correct identification is not only of epidemiologic interest but also necessary for patient management because of the varying clinical and microbiological characteristics found in different species
Table ronde Care – « Connaître les archives et récits d'adultes exposés à l'inceste et aux violences sexuelles dans l'enfance » organisée par la CIVIISE « Commission Indépendante sur l’Inceste et les violences sexuelles ».
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The potential applicability of Himanthalia elongata fermentation for the production of nutraceuticals
No full textInternational audienceFermentation is a key biological process in which microorganisms convert carbon-rich substrates into smaller molecules (e.g., organic acids or ethanol) while generating metabolic energy. While extensively applied to terrestrial plant biomass, the fermentation of macroalgae remains relatively unexplored. The brown edible seaweed Himanthalia elongata is a rich source of bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties, making it a promising feedstock for the development of functional ingredients in nutraceutical applications. This review summarizes the biochemical composition of H. elongata and its associated biological activities, with consideration of its holobiont. Lactic acid fermentation is introduced in the context of brown seaweed substrates, together with analytical approaches and monitoring methods. The challenges of H. elongata bioconversion are discussed, including the limited accessibility of key biomolecules, the presence of potential inhibitors, and issues related to the complex seaweed matrix. The intrinsic richness and complexity of H. elongata biomass, along with the adaptive responses of lactic acid bacteria to brown seaweed substrates, present both obstacles and opportunities for fermentation. Optimizing biomass pretreatment, managing endogenous microbiota, and mitigating inhibitory compounds are critical to improve fermentation efficiency and product safety. Moreover, the biological activities of fermented extracts offer valuable prospects for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Overall, this review underscores the need for further research to unlock the full potential of H. elongata as a substrate for lactic acid fermentation and to characterize the properties of the resulting bioproducts
Le problème logique du masochisme
No full textInternational audienceThe author returns to Freud’s elaboration of masochism, centered around the 1924 text: The economic problem of masochism, almost on the occasion of its centenary. It sets out some milestones and proposes some clarifications. It outlines the succession of primary sadism, primary masochism, secondary sadism, secondary masochism. It explains the articulation of the Nirvana and the pleasure principles. He considers some developments of masochism. He adheres to erogenous masochism, considering that it provides the preliminary basis for feminine and moral masochism. It convenes the principal authors who participated in the debate, as well as some who may relate to it. He evokes avenues of research and modalities of application of masochism in relation to the body and to the society.L’auteur revient sur l’élaboration freudienne du masochisme centrée sur le texte de 1924 : Le problème économique du masochisme, quasiment à l’occasion de son centenaire. Il pose quelques jalons et propose quelques éclaircissements. Il schématise la succession sadisme primaire, masochisme primaire, sadisme secondaire, masochisme secondaire. Il explicite l’articulation des principes de Nirvâna et de plaisir. Il envisage quelques développements du masochisme. Il s’en tient au masochisme érogène, considérant qu’il fournit l’assise préalable aux masochismes féminin et moral. Il convoque les principaux auteurs qui ont participé au débat ainsi que certains susceptibles de s’y rapporter. Il évoque des pistes de recherche et des modalités d’application du masochisme relativement au corps et à la société