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    : Pierre Gusman in Pompeii: Photography and Watercolor in the Reconstruction of Lost Wall Paintings

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    International audiencePierre Gusman, artiste graveur, publie en 1899 un ouvrage magistral, richement illustré : Pompéi la ville, les mœurs, les arts, puis, en 1924, La décoration murale à Pompéi. A l’INHA et à l’Institut de France se trouvent ses archives de travail, liées à ses nombreux séjours sur le site, avec des milliers de photos, dessins, calques, et surtout aquarelles tirées des photos. La polychromie des aquarelles inédites et leur précision servent aujourd’hui la connaissance sur des murs gravement altérés, voire illisibles de la cité antique. Le dossier permet de mettre en avant des murs aujourd’hui complètement oubliés et délavés à Pompéi, dans des maisons qui venaient d’être mises au jour à la fin du XIXe siècle, qui servaient notamment l’illustration des théories sur les styles pompéiens d’August Mau. Il permet d’émettre des hypothèses de restitution de décors perdus, et notamment de nourrir la recherche sur des mises en écho picturales et architecturales

    Décrypter l'histoire géodynamique passée grâce à la datation et à l'analyse chimique des produits volcaniques à terre et en mer.

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    International audienceLes produits volcaniques constituent des archives précieuses pour étudier l'histoire géologique d'une région : leurs compositions chimiques et minéralogiques sont liées aux processus de genèse et de transport des magmas, tandis que la fréquence des éruptions reflète des changements long terme des processus magmatiques. Nous présentons une synthèse des travaux réalisés ces dernières années dans les Andes du Nord qui améliorent la compréhension des relations entre le volcanisme, la tectonique et le contexte géodynamique régional.Dans la cordillère équatorienne, nous avons daté (K-Ar sur des laves et des ponces) les unités clés d'une trentaine de volcans associés à l’arc actuel. Lors des éruptions majeures, les cendres volcaniques sont transportées par les vents vers l'océan Pacifique. De nombreux niveaux de cendres sont ainsi préservés dans les séquences sédimentaires marines. Ces archives couvrent une période de temps de ~10 Ma nous permettant d’affiner le catalogue des éruptions majeures régionales et d’étudier l’évolution de la signature chimique des magmas depuis le Miocène.Nous montrons que (1) le volcanisme du nord Pérou a perduré au moins jusqu'à 4.7 Ma avant de s’éteindre en raison de l’horizontalisation du slab, (2) plusieurs périodes d’activité explosive aux Galápagos témoignent d’interactions point chaud-dorsale océanique, (3) la faille de Pallatanga est active depuis plus de 350 ka et présente une vitesse de cisaillement de 3,3 à 10 mm/an au cours des derniers 6 ka, et (4) l'activité de l’arc nord-andin actuel a commencé dès 4,6 Ma, s’est intensifiée avec la construction des stratovolcans quaternaires, dont le nombre augmente significativement depuis ∼600 ka.Nous montrons que l’activité volcanique nord andine et les changements géodynamiques régionaux (subduction d’un plateau basaltique depuis le début du Pliocène, anomalie thermique et changement géométrique de la plaque en subduction qu'il engendre, activation des failles crustales régionales, etc.) sont synchrones. La répartition des volcans est liée en premier lieu à la géométrie du slab, mais semble également être guidée par des mécanismes profonds (nature des fluides, hétérogénéités mantelliques, etc.) et d’anciennes structures tectoniques crustales, tandis que la néotectonique aurait un rôle secondaire, et influencerait principalement la morphologie des édifices (dissymétries, effondrements de flancs, etc)

    Interlaboratory study of automated sorption measurements in wood: method for correcting systematic errors with the commonly used 0.002% min−1 stop criterion

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    International audiencemany variables that can affect the accuracy of the measurements [1]. It is becoming increasingly common that sorption isotherms are collected with instruments called automated sorption balances that maintain stable temperature, control relative humidity using mass flow controllers to precisely mix streams of dry and saturated carrier gas, and continuously monitor specimen mass using a microbalance (Fig. 1). Automated sorption balances that mix two streams of gas IntroductionWater vapor sorption isotherms describe the relationship between the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of wood and the relative humidity at constant temperature and are important for wood science and practical utilization of wood as a building material. In theory, water vapor sorption measurements are easy; however, in practice there are</div

    ML-Based Hardware Trojan Detection in AI Accelerators via Power Side-Channel Analysis

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    International audienceTo accelerate development and system integration, many companies opt to outsource the design of complex AI accelerators to third-party IP vendors rather than developing them inhouse. This practice raises security concerns, particularly the risk of hardware Trojan (HT) attacks [1]. Traditional testing methods are impractical for detecting HTs in modern AI/ML accelerators due to their hardware complexity and inability to provide insights into the inserted Trojans. In this work, we propose a methodology to detect the presence of HTs in different AI/ML accelerators and identify key Trojan characteristics using power side-channel analysis (PSCA). We present a testbed for accurate power consumption measurement, enabling the collection of real ML inference power traces. We inserted multiple HTs in several AI/ML accelerators and prepared various dataset configurations to analyze multiple HT scenarios. Then, we proposed a novel method for preprocessing PSCA data that consists of segmenting the power traces and extracting statistical features from time and frequency domains. Our proposed technique, equipped with an ML-based HT detection and identification method, achieves up to 99% accuracy.</div

    Exploring performance across 31h of wakefulness: a task switching paradigm

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    International audienceAbstract Introduction In sustained operations, managing multiple complex tasks in dynamic environments is cognitively demanding, especially under fatigue, which slows cognitive processing, impairs attention, and increases errors. This study examined how sustained wakefulness affects task switching performance. Methods Twenty-six healthy participants underwent a 31-hour sustained wakefulness protocol, completing multiple testing sessions at 11:00h, 17:00h, 23:00h, 05:00h and 11:00h. The task-switching paradigm involved alternating between a math task and a spatial-rotation task (manikin). Performance was assessed via reaction time (RT), accuracy (proportion of correct responses), and throughput (measure of speed-accuracy trade-off) across four transition types: math-to-math, manikin-to-manikin, manikin-to-math, and math-to-manikin. Data were analysed using linear mixed models. Results Wakefulness had a significant main effect on mean RT (p=.01) and mean proportion of correct responses (p&lt;.001) but not on throughput (p=.40). Transition type impacted performance with significant main effects of transition type on RT (p&lt;.001) and throughput (p&lt;.001). The proportion of correct responses was consistent across transition types; however, when transitioning from “different”, i.e., manikin-to-math, there was a reduction in mean reaction time compared to “same”, i.e., manikin-to-manikin transition types (p&lt;.001). Discussion Switching costs were dependent on the preceding and the following task. When transitioning between two different tasks, there was a speed/accuracy trade-off observed with participants slowing down to maintain accuracy. To improve/maintain switching performance during sustained operations, it is vital to address these performance outcomes. Using human-centred interface designs can reduce demands, especially when individuals are fatigued

    Deep Argo Improves the Accuracy and Resolution of Ocean Bathymetry

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    International audienceOcean bathymetry plays an instrumental role in stirring ocean circulation and ocean mixing, shaping the transport of ocean heat, freshwater, oxygen, and carbon, influencing the propagation of tides and tsunamis, and controlling the dispersion of sediments, nutrients, and planktonic species. The dearth of direct ocean bathymetry measurements from shipboard echo sounders covering only 26% of the ocean floor calls for supplemental data. Satellites can provide bathymetry estimates in poorly-sampled regions, but intrinsic limitations of satellite measurements limit their ability to resolve features at horizontal scale &lt;6 km (1/2 wavelength). Here, profile pressure and float descent rate from Deep Argo floats of the Deep Arvor and Deep SOLO float models were used to infer similar to 14,000 ocean bathymetry measurements between 2014 and 2024. Our analysis indicates high consistency, 0.98 and 0.97 correlation coefficient, and small rms difference, 88 and 96 m, between multibeam sounding at 1,500-6,000 m depth and bathymetry measurements from Deep SOLO and Deep Arvor models respectively. The stronger agreement between Deep Argo-derived depths and multibeam data compared to altimetry is consistent with lower spatial uncertainties (&lt;1.5 km for &gt;77% of data coverage) and higher vertical accuracy of the Deep Argo data set (3.9-4.2 m at 4,000-6,000 m depth). The inclusion of the Deep Argo bathymetry in the general bathymetric chart of the ocean shows 50-200 m range improvement in the accuracy of altimetrically derived predicted depths

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