HAL-Université de Bretagne Occidentale
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Developing the French academic periodical in the early 18th century: a systemic functional linguistics perspective
No full textInternational audienceAbstract This article employs systemic functional linguistics to conduct a comparative analysis of the linguistic features of two pioneering French academic periodicals: the Journal des Sçavans (first published in 1665) and its principal rival, the Journal de Trévoux (first published in 1701). Both journals were mainly devoted to book reviews. Religion is the most frequently treated subject in both periodicals, though this is much more the case in the Journal de Trévoux than in the Journal des Sçavans . An analysis of the process types of finite verbs, categories of themes, and the process types of nominalized processes in selected items dealing with religious questions shows that the Journal de Trévoux favours actions and events and the people involved, while the Journal des Sçavans prefers argumentation and communication. The Journal des Sçavans thus adopts a more intellectual stance than its younger rival. Moreover, these differences become increasingly pronounced over the period 1701 to 1711
Rachel a eu un enfant ! Backlash et bio-ingénierie dans Blade Runner 2049 (Denis Villeneuve, 2017)
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A parsimonious tail compliant multiscale statistical model for aggregated rainfall
No full textInternational audienceModeling rainfall intensity distributions across aggregation scales (from sub-hourly to weekly) is essential for hydrological risk analysis and IDF curves. Aggregation naturally imposes mathematical constraints: return levels must be ordered by time scale, as daily accumulations necessarily exceed sub-daily ones. From a statistical perspective, each aggregation step should ideally not require additional parameters, yet parsimonious models describing the full distribution remain scarce, as most literature focuses on seasonal block maxima. In this study, we propose a parsimonious framework to model all rainfall intensities (low to large) across scales. We utilize the Extended Generalized Pareto Distribution (EGPD), which aligns with extreme value theory for both tails while remaining flexible for the bulk of the distribution. We establish a general result on the behavior of EGPD variables under various aggregation procedures. To overcome the difficulty of direct likelihood inference, we link the EGPD class to Poisson compound sums. This allows the use of the Panjer algorithm for efficient composite likelihood evaluation. Our approach ensures that return levels do not cross across scales and enables estimation for return periods below annual or seasonal levels. We demonstrate the method using sub-hourly series from six French stations with diverse climates. Only eight parameters are needed per station to capture scales from six minutes to three days. IDF curves above and below the annual scale are provided
Analysis of slamming loads induced by breaking waves on vertical cylinders using fully nonlinear wave kinematics and semi-analytical load model
No full textInternational audienceMost offshore structures are made of vertical cylinders and may be exposed to breaking waves, which are known to generate impulsive forces that are challenging to estimate. In particular, engineering formulas are often based on an oversimplified representation of the breaking wave, leading to a poor estimate of the load time history. In this study, the wave shape and the fluid kinematics are obtained from a fully nonlinear potential flow solver to reduce the uncertainty on the wave characterisation. The slamming force is then estimated using a semi-analytical water impact model based on Wagner theory and the data from the fully nonlinear simulations. The modelled forces are compared with experimental data on a segmented cylinder impacted by breaking waves of various strengths. The influence of the distance between the cylinder and the breaking point is studied. The model is shown to reproduce accurately the force measurements on the two upper sections impacted by strong plunging breaking waves. The model is compared to other formulations and is shown to improve the estimation of the load time history. For waves of low and mid-breaking strength, the model highly overestimates the force acting on the upper section impacted by the wave crest. The presence of the cylinder in the wave field leads to run-up and diffraction effects that disturb the wave profile. Therefore, accounting for the unperturbed wave kinematics is a conservative approach to evaluate the force acting on the upper section, whereas the evolution of load in time on the lower section is accurately reproduced for all waves
Supply Chain Mapping for Enhanced Visibility and Resilience: a Multi-Industry Comparative Study of Best Practices and Emerging Technologies
No full textInternational audienceSupply chain mapping is a strategic tool used to visualize and analyze the flow of materials, information, and processes across networks to enhance visibility and resilience. This study provides an integrated review of key mapping typologies, including Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Member-Based Mapping, Geographic-Based Mapping, Network Theory-Based Mapping, Simulation-Based Mapping, Closed-Loop Diagrams, Process-Based Mapping (BPMN), and Petri Nets Mapping. The research explores how these tools, when combined with technologies such as Digital Twins, Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence, strengthen real-time monitoring, traceability, and adaptive risk management. A comparative analysis across the automotive, electronics, pharmaceutical, consumer goods, retail, food and beverage, and energy sectors reveals how mapping practices are adapted to industry-specific complexities. The findings demonstrate that combining advanced mapping methods with digital enablers is essential for developing transparent, agile, and resilient supply chains in an increasingly uncertain environment
Modèles précurseurs : Un cadre théorique pour enseigner et apprendre les sciences à l’école primaire
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Mind the Brain Age: How Segmentation and Template Selection Reshape Structural Connectomes
No full textDiffusion-weighted MRI samples the directional diffusion of water in vivo, and tractography uses this information to reconstruct brain fiber pathways. Mapping streamlines to an anatomical parcellation yields structural connectomes. However, in older adults, where white matter alterations and atrophy are common, the choice of reference template and tissue segmentation could be particularly consequential for obtaining accurate, interpretable structural connectomes. Using a conventional pipeline, we evaluated how these two factors, the normalization template and the segmentation used to constrain anatomically guided tractography, affect connectome estimates in cognitively healthy elderly participants. These methodological choices produced systematic and significant differences in network topology and their relationships with clinically relevant variables across standard connectome measures, particularly in patients with white matter hyperintensities. Age-appropriate normalization and lesion-aware anatomically constrained tractography yielded networks with more plausible anatomy and more consistent relationships with cognition and imaging measures, whereas unconstrained tracking inflated density without improving interpretability. These findings demonstrate that structural connectome outcomes are contingent upon templateand segmentation selection. We therefore advocate for explicit reporting of these methodological parameters and recommend the use of age-appropriate templates combined with white matter lesion-aware segmentation incorporating anatomically informed constraints
Domoic acid production by a Pseudo-nitzschia australis strain under zinc and copper exposure
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Smoked fish from Gabon: nutritional benefits vs. contaminant risks
No full textInternational audienceSmoked fish is the most common form of fish consumption in many African countries. Smoking is likely to cause changes in nutritional value and in the concentration of certain toxic elements. We assessed these changes in the Bonga shad (Ethmalosa fimbriata, Bowdich 1825). Fatty acids (26), vitamin A, trace elements (14) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 24) were examined in E. fimbriata at different smoking durations (fresh, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h). Composition of smoked fish revealed high inter-individual variability. Smoking did not affect total fatty acid concentrations, but it led to a 4.5-fold decrease in vitamin A and a decrease in the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Pb and Sr. Meanwhile, it increased the concentrations of PAHs (by a factor of 42), Cd, Mo and Na. Despite these changes, toxic metals (As, Cd and Pb) and PAHs levels remained within safety limits, except for the B(a)P Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) in 72 h-smoked fish. High inter-individual variability in toxic metals, PAHs and nutrients concentrations is suspected to originate from the heterogeneity of the smoking process, and to natural variation in fish. Overall, our results highlight the safety of artisanal smoked fish for human consumption when processed under certain conditions. To further enhance consumer safety, dietary recommendations would advise ensuring fish skin integrity in order to reduce flesh contamination